To Nostalgize

In the paper

“The narratives were substantially richer in positive affect than in negative affect.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Study 1 affective-signature passage (Nostalgia 10) says the narratives were richer in expressions of positive affect (M = 3.12) than negative affect (M = 1.25), with p < .001. The Summary of Findings (Nostalgia 37) repeats this conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006 source

In the paper

“The most common objects of nostalgic yearning were close others (e.g., family, romantic partners, friends), followed by momentous life events that included close others (e.g., weddings, graduations, family gatherings), animals (i.e., pets), tangibles (e.g., a coat), and settings (e.g., a lake).”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The “Object of nostalgia” section and Table 2 give the claimed ordering for Study 1: persons, momentous events, animals, tangibles, then settings. But Table 2 shows a different ordering in Study 2: momentous events were most common, settings exceeded animals and tangibles, and periods in life were also frequent. The “Content of Nostalgic Experience” section says momentous events often involved close others. (LLM, conf=0.87)

  cites Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgia condition scored higher on Fun Seeking and Drive, but not Reward Responsiveness, than those in the control condition.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Approach motivation results report significantly higher Fun Seeking scores in the nostalgia condition than in the control condition. They also support the rest of the citing sentence: Drive was significantly higher, while Reward Responsiveness did not differ significantly. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Wildschut et al. (2006) obtained direct experimental support for the idea that nostalgia augments self-esteem.Participants in the nostalgic-event (relative to ordinary-event) condition reported higher self-esteem, regardless of whether it was assessed with a brief scale (”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Functions section (around p. 34) reports significantly higher self-esteem in the nostalgia condition than in the control condition. The Discussion also describes the findings as evidence that nostalgia increases self-regard. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 5 source
• Supported

  The Functions results (p. 34) report significantly higher self-esteem in the nostalgia condition than in the control condition. The Discussion also states that the findings support the idea that nostalgia increases self-regard. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 6 source

In the paper

“In all, nostalgia is positively related to approach motivation and sparks approach motivation.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion reports that experimentally induced nostalgia increased approach motivation in Study 3, supporting the claim that it sparks approach motivation. It also describes correlational evidence from Studies 1–2 that nostalgia is positively related to approach motivation. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“High narcissists reported a greater proportion of agency words in their narratives compared to low narcissists.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 1’s Results and discussion directly report that high narcissists used a greater proportion of agency words in their nostalgic narratives than low narcissists. The Data analytic strategy explains that word counts were expressed as percentages of narrative length. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 1) source

In the paper

“We have reported that nostalgic narratives are characterized by themes where the self is the main character in a positive chain of events (i.e., redemption; Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 2).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Discussion says that in both studies the self figured prominently in nostalgic memories and that negative scenes were usually redeemed by later successes or triumphs. The “Redemption versus contamination” section reports that redemption sequences were more prevalent than contamination sequences (67% versus 29%). Page numbers were not supplied in the passages. (LLM, conf=0.92)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 2 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgia condition scored higher on Fun Seeking and Drive, but not Reward Responsiveness, than those in the control condition.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  In the Study 3 “Approach motivation” results (page not specified), nostalgia participants scored significantly higher on Fun Seeking and Drive, but did not differ significantly from controls on Reward Responsiveness (p = .457). The latter mean was slightly higher, so “not higher” is supported in the context of a nonsignificant difference, not as a literal comparison of means. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“The composite nostalgia scale was positively correlated with all three BAS components.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Method section identifies the participants as members of the Dutch general public and describes the nostalgia composite. The Results section states that nostalgia was positively correlated with all three BAS-related scales: Fun Seeking, Drive, and Reward Responsiveness. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgia condition scored higher on Fun Seeking and Drive, but not Reward Responsiveness, than those in the control condition.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Approach motivation results report that participants in the nostalgia condition scored significantly higher on Drive than controls (M = 4.28 versus 3.74; p = .008). The same passage also supports the citing sentence’s findings for Fun Seeking and Reward Responsiveness. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgic-song condition reported higher levels of self-esteem (assessed with two items adapted from Hepper et al., 2012, Study 7;”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 3’s Method (p. 13) describes a sample aged 14–67, 97% of whom identified the Netherlands as their country of birth, and random assignment to a nostalgic or control song. The Results and Discussion (p. 14) report significantly higher self-esteem in the nostalgic-song condition. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Cheung et al., 2013, Study 3 source

In the paper

“We engaged in content analyses of stories submitted to the periodical Nostalgia (Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 1) and of event descriptions that participants furnished under a nostalgia writing prompt (Wildschut et al., Study 2).In both cases, a redemptive sequence far outweighed a contamination sequence.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Summary of Findings identifies Study 1 as a content analysis of narratives published in Nostalgia and Study 2 as participants’ written accounts of recalled nostalgic experiences. The redemption-versus-contamination results report significantly more redemption sequences in both studies: 67% versus 29% in Study 1 and 76% versus 15% in Study 2. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 1 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Wildschut et al., Study 2

In the paper

“nostalgia is experienced not only among adults of all ages (in UK and US samples; Hepper, Robertson, et al., 2014;Routledge et al., 2011) but also among older children and teenagers (in Chinese samples; Zhou et al., 2008).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Method Participants and Procedure section reports a Chinese sample of children aged 9–15, spanning older childhood and the teenage years. It also says the children understood the Chinese term for nostalgia and described nostalgic experiences as common and familiar. (LLM, conf=0.93)

  cites Zhou et al., 2008 source

In the paper

“In all, nostalgia is positively related to approach motivation and sparks approach motivation.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion reports that nostalgia was positively associated with approach motivation in Studies 1–2. It also reports that experimentally induced nostalgia increased approach motivation in Study 3, supporting the sentence’s claim that nostalgia sparks it. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Level of narcissism was unrelated to proportion of communion words.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 1’s Results and discussion report that narcissism was not significantly associated with the proportion of communal words in nostalgic narratives (r(58) = −.18, p = .16). This supports the citing sentence’s description of the observed relationship. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 1) source

In the paper

“We replicated these result patterns in Cheung et al., Study 4, with a sample of UK undergraduates who read idiosyncratically derived nostalgic versus control-song lyrics.”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  Study 4 used personally nostalgic versus control lyrics with University of Southampton undergraduates (Method, p. 16), and the nostalgic-lyrics group reported higher optimism (Results and Discussion, p. 17). The study also found a significant indirect effect through self-esteem, but the direct effect on optimism was not significant after accounting for social connectedness and self-esteem (Results and Discussion, p. 18). Thus, the claimed replication of both direct and indirect effects overstates the Study 4 result. (LLM, conf=0.89)

  cites Cheung et al., 2013, Study 4 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“We demonstrated a causal connection between nostalgia and social connectedness, which we operationalized as: feeling loved, protected, connected to others, and trusting of others; experiencing attachment security; feeling socially supported; or being empathetic.”

• Also stated in: § 4.3.1.3 Feeling socially supported · plain

  “In conclusion, nostalgia fosters social connectedness.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Function Question section (p. 38) reports that participants assigned to recall a nostalgic event scored higher on social bonding than controls. It also reports a replication using attachment measures, supporting the claim that nostalgia increases social connectedness. (LLM, conf=0.93)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Reid et al., 2014
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“Nostalgia increased optimism.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Abstract (p. 3) reports that experimentally induced nostalgia boosted optimism in Study 2. The Coda (p. 24) concludes that the research established that nostalgia promotes optimism. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Cheung et al., 2013, Study 2 source

In the paper

“Also, recollection and projection share cognitive and neurological processes.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hassabis et al., 2007 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klein et al., 2002 source
• Supported

  The Abstract says that remembering past events and imagining future ones rely on similar cognitive processes, and that these commonalities are associated with overlapping neural activity. This supports the claim about shared cognitive and neurological processes. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Addis et al., 2009 source

In the paper

“Lastly, pondering the past and the future entails a common neural network (Buckner & Carroll, 2007;Viard et al., 2011).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buckner & Carroll, 2007 source
• Supported

  The Discussion reports a bilateral parieto-fronto-temporal network commonly active during recall of past and future events. The Conclusion likewise says that thinking about the past and future recruits the same set of brain regions in healthy aged adults. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Viard et al., 2011 source

In the paper

“Chinese undergraduates who brought to mind a nostalgic (vs.ordinary) event manifested stronger perceptions of social support.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 3’s Method Participants section identifies 66 Fudan University undergraduates. Materials and Procedures says they recalled either a nostalgic or an ordinary event, and Results and Discussion reports significantly higher perceived social support in the nostalgic condition (5.39 vs. 4.87). Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Zhou et al., 2008 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgic-event condition indeed reported higher perceived interpersonal competence than their ordinary-event counterparts.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 7’s Interpersonal Competence results (p. 36) report higher scores in the nostalgia condition than the control condition for initiation, self-disclosure, and emotional support. The measure is explicitly described as assessing perceived competence (p. 35), and the control task involved recalling an ordinary event. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006 source

In the paper

“Nostalgic events incorporated more references to optimism than ordinary events.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Results and Discussion (p. 11) report that nostalgic narratives contained a significantly higher proportion of optimism expressions than ordinary autobiographical narratives. This directly supports the paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Cheung et al., 2013, Study 1 source

In the paper

“Patients with difficulty in remembering past events also have difficulty imagining new experiences (Hassabis, Kumaran, Vann, & Maguire, 2007;Klein, Loftus, & Kihlstrom, 2002) or anticipating their future in detail (Addis, Sacchetti, Ally, Budson, & Schacter, 2009;Brown, Dorfman, Marmar, & Bryant, 2012).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Discussion (Autobiographical Interview of Past and Future Events; page not provided) reports that patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease generated significantly fewer episodic details than healthy older adults when describing both past and future events. The Discussion’s Remote and Prospective Memory section likewise identifies deficits in remembering past events and simulating future events, predominantly in their episodic details. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Addis et al., 2009 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brown et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“Nostalgics (relative to controls) chose to sit in closer physical proximity to the interaction partner.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  In Study 4, participants arranged two chairs for a forthcoming conversation with another person. The seating-distance results report that the nostalgia group placed the chairs closer together than the control group (85.70 vs. 104.51 cm, p = .003). (LLM, conf=0.90)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“These results generalized above and beyond the contributions of the Big Five.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Results and discussion for Study 3 (§8) state that narcissism predicted self-positivity from a nostalgic song above and beyond age, gender, and the Big Five. The authors explicitly say this replicated the earlier findings while controlling for the Big Five. (LLM, conf=0.93)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 3) source

In the paper

“First, nostalgic narrations, scents, or songs produce more positive affect than negative affect (Barrett et al., 2010;Reid et al., 2014;Wildschut et al., 2006, Studies 1 and 2).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Barrett et al., 2010 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Reid et al., 2014
• Supported

  Wildschut et al.’s Studies 1 and 2 support the narration portion of the multiply cited sentence. The Summary of Findings (p. 37) says nostalgic narratives contained more positive than negative affect, and participants reported more positive than negative affect after recalling a nostalgic event. (LLM, conf=0.92)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Studies 1 and 2 source

In the paper

“In addition, high (relative to low) narcissists derived marginally more sociality by listening to a nostalgic song.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 3’s Results and discussion report that narcissism marginally predicted social connectedness from a nostalgic song (p = .07), after controlling for age, gender, and Big Five traits. The paper describes this as listening to a song, although the Study 3 procedure asked participants to bring one to mind; it also reports that the unadjusted association was not significant. (LLM, conf=0.90)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 3) source

In the paper

“Nostalgia strengthens intergroup contact intentions (Turner et al., 2012, Experiment 1).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Outgroup Attitudes section measures willingness to talk to and spend time with overweight people—intergroup contact intentions. The Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Components of Outgroup Attitudes section reports stronger approach tendencies in the nostalgia condition than in the control condition. (LLM, conf=0.90)

  cites Turner et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“Nostalgics helped more (i.e., picked up a higher number of pencils) than controls.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 5’s “Approach behavior: helping” results report that participants in the nostalgia condition picked up more pencils than controls (18.20 versus 14.67 on average). The paper explicitly uses the number of pencils picked up as its index of helpfulness. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Notably, this effect was mediated by increased outgroup trust and reduced intergroup anxiety.”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Outgroup Trust as a Mediator section reports that nostalgia increased trust toward overweight people and that trust mediated its effect on outgroup attitudes. Those attitudes included a behavioral component, but the paper does not establish mediation of intergroup contact intentions specifically. The Comparative Strength of Mediators section (p. 10) identifies inclusion of the outgroup in the self—not reduced intergroup anxiety—as the other tested mediator. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites Turner et al., 2012 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“High (compared to low) narcissists derived more self-positivity (but not more sociality) from nostalgia and were more nostalgic for agentic (but not for communal) themes.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion reports that high, compared with low, narcissists’ nostalgic narratives contained more agentic references in Study 1. Section 6.1 reports that they were significantly more nostalgic for agentic objects in Study 2, supporting the paraphrase about agentic themes. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 2) source

In the paper

“Replicating the previous study, high (compared to low) narcissists derived more selfpositivity by listening to a nostalgic song.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Study 3 Results and discussion (section 8) state that narcissism predicted how much self-positivity participants reported deriving from a nostalgic song, with higher narcissism associated with more self-positivity. The paper describes this as a replication of the previous finding. (LLM, conf=0.92)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 3) source

In the paper

“High (compared to low) narcissists derived more self-positivity (but not more sociality) from nostalgia and were more nostalgic for agentic (but not for communal) themes.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Abstract says nostalgia served a self-positivity function, but not a social connectedness function, for high versus low narcissists. Study 2, §6.2, reports that narcissism was not significantly associated with nostalgia’s social connectedness function (r(96) = .16, p = .12). (LLM, conf=0.92)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 2) source

In the paper

“High (compared to low) narcissists derived more self-positivity (but not more sociality) from nostalgia and were more nostalgic for agentic (but not for communal) themes.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Study 2 (§6.1; page unavailable) found that narcissism was not significantly associated with nostalgia for communal objects. Study 1 is also described in §5 as finding no significant association with communal references. Together, these support the claim as a statement that no difference was detected, rather than proof of equivalence. (LLM, conf=0.91)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 2) source

In the paper

“this is a notable domain in which we are able to see that the effects of nostalgia extend beyond self-report measures and impact actual behavior.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion reports that experimentally induced nostalgia increased approach behavior in Studies 4–5, measured by seating distance and helping behavior. The Discussion distinguishes these behavioral measures from the self-reported approach motivation assessed in Studies 1–3. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“High (compared to low) narcissists derived more self-positivity (but not more sociality) from nostalgia and were more nostalgic for agentic (but not for communal) themes.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  Section 6.2 (Nostalgic functions) states that nostalgia more strongly served a self-positivity function for high than low narcissists. Section 8 (Results and discussion) reports the same pattern in a further study. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Hart et al. (2011, Study 2) source

In the paper

“Self-esteem mediates the effect of nostalgia on optimism, but where does self-esteem originate?”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Results and Discussion (p. 15) report a significant indirect effect of nostalgia on optimism through self-esteem. The Summary and Implications (p. 21) likewise states that nostalgia raises self-esteem, which in turn heightens optimism. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Cheung et al., 2013 source

In the paper

“In the case of mortality salience (but not control), more nostalgic participants reported higher meaning.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  In Experiment 1, the Results (p. 8) report that participants who viewed their past more positively perceived life as more meaningful in the mortality-salience condition, with no such relationship in the control condition. The paper used positive perceptions of the past as a proxy for nostalgia proneness. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Routledge et al., 2008, Experiment 1 source

In the paper

“Also, avoidance motivation led to higher nostalgia.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The State nostalgia results report higher nostalgia in the avoidance-motivation condition than in the control condition. The General Discussion also states that avoidance motivation increased nostalgia in the experimental Study 2. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014, Study 2 source

In the paper

“In turn, nostalgia softened the influence of avoidance motivation on approach motivation.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion says avoidance-induced nostalgia strengthens approach motivation, thereby counteracting the potentially adverse influence of avoidance motivation. That supports “softened” as a description of nostalgia’s indirect, counteracting effect—not as a claim that the direct negative association became weaker when nostalgia was included in the analysis. (LLM, conf=0.91)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Avoidance motivation also predicted greater nostalgia.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The State nostalgia section reports that participants in the avoidance-motivation condition were significantly more nostalgic than controls. This directly supports the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Again, in the mortalitysalience condition, nostalgia decreased death-thought accessibility.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Experiment 3 Results report that, within the mortality-salience conditions, participants assigned to nostalgia had significantly lower death-thought accessibility than those assigned to non-nostalgia (M = 1.56 versus 2.11, p < .05). This directly supports the cited comparison. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Routledge et al., 2008, Experiment 3 source

In the paper

“Avoidance (relative to control) motivation tended to lower approach motivation.”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  The Approach motivation results report nonsignificant trends toward lower Fun Seeking and Drive in the avoidance-motivation group than in controls. Reward Responsiveness, another measure of approach motivation, instead showed a slight, nonsignificant increase, so the unqualified claim is broader than the results support. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014, Study 2 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“At an explicit level, nostalgic narratives include redemptive and agency themes (Abeyta et al., 2014;Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 2)”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al., 2014 source
• Partly supported

  Study 2’s results (Nostalgia 14) report that redemption sequences appeared in 76% of nostalgic narratives, supporting the redemptive-themes claim. The Study 2 content findings say the self was a central character in almost all narratives, but do not establish that the narratives contained agency themes; a prominent self is not necessarily an agentic one. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 2 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“In the mortality-salience (but not control) condition, higher levels of nostalgia were associated with lower death-thought accessibility.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Results (p. 11) report that greater nostalgia proneness was associated with lower death-thought accessibility in the mortality-salience condition, but not in the control condition. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Routledge et al., 2008, Experiment 2 source

In the paper

“In turn, avoidance-elicited nostalgia predicted stronger approach motivation.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion reports that nostalgia was positively associated with approach motivation in Studies 1–2 and that the indirect effect of avoidance motivation on approach motivation via nostalgia was significant. It describes the findings as consistent with avoidance-induced nostalgia strengthening approach motivation. (LLM, conf=0.93)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014, Study 2 source

In the paper

“Loneliness emerged as the most frequently mentioned discrete emotional trigger of nostalgia in UK undergraduates' narratives (Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 2).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  In Study 2, the Triggers of Nostalgia section describes participants’ accounts of when they felt nostalgic. The results (p. 16) say loneliness was “by far the most frequently mentioned discrete affective state” among those reporting a discrete negative affective trigger. The paper identifies the Study 2 participants as University of Southampton undergraduates. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2006, Study 2 source

In the paper

“Stated otherwise, the negative effect of avoidance motivation on approach motivation was strengthened when we controlled for the positive association between nostalgia and approach motivation.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion reports that, when avoidance motivation and nostalgia jointly predicted approach motivation, the negative link between avoidance and approach motivation strengthened and became statistically significant. This result applied to Fun Seeking and Drive as measures of approach motivation in Studies 1–2. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“When avoidance motivation and nostalgia jointly predicted approach motivation (i.e., when the positive association between nostalgia and approach motivation was controlled for), the negative effect of avoidance motivation on approach motivation was strengthened.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The General Discussion states that when avoidance motivation and nostalgia jointly predicted approach motivation, the negative link was strengthened and became statistically significant in Studies 1–2. The finding applied to Fun Seeking and Drive as indices of approach motivation; the paper reports a different pattern for Reward Responsiveness. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014, Study 2 source

In the paper

“Avoidance motivation (aversive state) predicted weaker approach motivation in regards to Fun Seeking and Drive (negative influence on an outcome).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Study 1 Discussion reports that avoidance motivation was negatively associated with Fun Seeking and Drive when nostalgia was included in the model. The Testing the regulatory model section reports the same negative effect in Study 2; the unadjusted differences were nonsignificant trends. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites Stephan et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“We have found that nostalgia nurtures optimism (Cheung et al., 2013).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Coda (p. 24) explicitly states that the research established nostalgia promotes optimism, which supports the citing sentence’s paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.95)

  cites Cheung et al., 2013 source

In the paper

“Nostalgia builds on the uniquely human capacity to reflect on the past (Routledge & Arndt, 2005;Sedikides & Skowronski, 1997;Sedikides, Skowronski, et al., 2006;Sedikides, Wildschut, et al., 2006).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge & Arndt, 2005
• Partly supported

  The Symbolic Self (p. 16) describes introspection, self-reflection, and autobiographical self-evaluation as human capacities unprecedented in nonhuman animals. Implications for the Evolution of the Symbolic Self (p. 10) also says people can consider themselves in alternative times, but the paper does not connect this capacity to nostalgia. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  cites Sedikides & Skowronski, 1997 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Sedikides, Skowronski, et al., 2006

In the paper

“nostalgia may promote longevity (Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009)”

What the sources say

• ?Could not verify

  The Methods describe a study of purpose in life and mortality among older persons, not nostalgia. The Discussion speculates that purpose in life may involve life review, but does not examine whether nostalgia promotes longevity. Searches for nostalgia, reminiscence, and memories of the past found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.75)

  cites Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“We have found that nostalgic reflection strengthens intentions for intergroup contact (Turner et al., 2012(Turner et al., , 2013)).”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Outgroup Attitudes section measures willingness to talk to and spend time with overweight people. The Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Components of Outgroup Attitudes section (p. 8) reports stronger approach tendencies after nostalgic reflection than in the control condition. The finding concerns contact with overweight people specifically. (LLM, conf=0.88)

  cites Turner et al., 2012 source
• Partly supported

  The Outgroup Attitude section reports that nostalgic recall improved attitudes toward an outgroup, and the paper studies this effect for people with mental illness. It does not report strengthened intentions for future intergroup contact; the Coda discusses improved face-to-face encounters only as a possibility. The indexed passages provide no page number for these sections. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  cites Turner et al., 2013 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“reduce mortality risk (Hill & Turiano, 2014)”

What the sources say

• ?Could not verify

  The Results report that greater purpose in life predicted lower mortality risk over 14 years. The supplied passages and searches for nostalgia and nostalgic memories found no passage addressing whether nostalgia affects mortality risk. (LLM, conf=0.78)

  cites Hill & Turiano, 2014 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The effect of nostalgia on optimism is mediated by social connectedness and ensuing selfesteem.”

What the sources say

• Supported

  The Results and Discussion (p. 18) report a significant indirect effect along the sequence nostalgia → social connectedness → self-esteem → optimism. The Summary and Implications (p. 21) likewise states that nostalgia fostered social connectedness, which lifted self-esteem and then heightened optimism. (LLM, conf=0.94)

  cites Cheung et al. (2013) source

In the paper

“Here, preliminary findings indicate that collective nostalgia promotes collective prosociality (e.g., involvement in fundraising activities; Wildschut et al., 2014).”

What the sources say

• Partly supported

  Study 2 reports that collective nostalgia increased intentions to support the ingroup, measured by willingness to volunteer for a university publicity campaign (Study 2; Method). That supports the broader point about collective prosociality, but the paper does not report involvement in fundraising activities; it measures intentions rather than actual participation. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  cites Wildschut et al., 2014 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured

In the paper

“The Hepper, Wildschut, et al. (2014) findings indicate that individuals across a range of cultures share strikingly similar conceptions of nostalgia.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Wildschut, et al. (2014) source

In the paper

“Nostalgia is universally regarded as an emotion, especially one of longing.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Wildschut, et al. (2014) source

In the paper

“Participants in the centralprototype condition reported higher self-esteem (i.e.,”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012, Study 7 source

In the paper

“We have also reported that nostalgic narratives encompass agency themes (e.g., competence, success, power; Abeyta et al., 2014), which can be conceptualized as proxies to self-esteem (Wojciszke, Baryła, Parzuchowski, Szymkow-Sudziarska, & Abele, 2011).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“The results were consistent with the hypothesis.Nostalgia boosts selfpositivity.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Vess et al., 2012, Experiment 1 source

In the paper

“Higher levels of scent-evoked nostalgia predicted higher levels of state self-esteem.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Reid et al., 2014

In the paper

“Although we have successfully elicited nostalgia in controlled settings through music, song lyrics, or scents, we have equally successfully and most frequently induced the emotion by relying on the ERT (Appendix B).”

In the paper

“We (Hepper et al., 2012, Studies 1 and 2) found that the central features of the nostalgia prototype included growthdenoting words (e.g., change, desire, future).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012, Studies 1 and 2 source

In the paper

“We tested the hypothesis that nostalgia instils meaning in six studies.”

• Also stated in: § 4.2.2 Nostalgic engagement instills meaning · plain

  “Nostalgia helps find and sustain meaning.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Reid et al., 2014
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Tilburg et al., 2013 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“Participants who had nostalgized expressed stronger empathy than those who had recalled an ordinary event.”

• Also stated in: § 4.3.1.4 Being empathetic · plain

  “In sum, nostalgia increases empathy.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Shi, et al., 2012

In the paper

“Nostalgic events instilled a stronger sense of meaning than desired future events.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgic-event (as opposed to the ordinary-event and positive-event) condition reported a stronger sense of authenticity: they stated that the event they described reflected”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stephan et al., 2012, Study 2 source

In the paper

“Higher levels of scent-evoked nostalgia predicted greater levels of optimism.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Reid et al., 2014

In the paper

“Results from a sample of US undergraduates documented that nostalgic engagement decreases search for meaning to a greater degree than pondering a positive past event (Routledge et al., 2012, Experiment 2).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“Taken together, these results indicate that trait nostalgia is positively related to presence of meaning.”

• Also stated in: § 4.2.1 Trait nostalgia is linked to meaning · plain

  “The more nostalgic a song made participants feel, the more meaningful their life seemed to be.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2011 source

In the paper

“As hypothesized, then, social connectedness mediated the effect of music-evoked nostalgia on meaning: Nostalgia instilled meaning through its capacity to foster social connectedness.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2011 source

In the paper

“Nostalgia also strengthens charitable intentions (Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Shi, et al., 2012, Study 1).”

• Also stated in: § 4.3.2.1.2 Charitable intentions · plain

  “Participants in the nostalgia (vs.control) condition expressed stronger volunteerism and donation intentions.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Shi, et al., 2012

In the paper

“Social connectedness mediated the effect of nostalgia on meaning: Nostalgia instilled meaning through its capacity to foster social connectedness.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2011 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgia condition donated more money than those in the control condition.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Shi, et al., 2012

In the paper

“In turn, nostalgia (measured or manipulated) alleviated the impact of threat by bolstering an opponent process.”

In the paper

“Importantly, the functional benefits of nostalgia generalize cross-culturally.These benefits were reported by participants in China, Ireland, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.”

In the paper

“That is, nostalgia curtailed the influence of avoidance motivation on approach motivation”

In the paper

“buttressed the self from threat”

In the paper

“Colder temperatures were linked to, or yielded, higher nostalgia.”

In the paper

“However, resilience moderated the relation between loneliness and nostalgia.”

In the paper

“Participants reported higher nostalgia under cold than under normal or hot temperatures.”

In the paper

“Average daily temperature was negatively associated with daily nostalgia: cold temperatures were linked to higher levels of nostalgia (t-to-r transformation: t[550] ¼ À 2.17, r ¼ À0.09).”

In the paper

“repaired interpersonal isolation”

In the paper

“Search for meaning, in turn, predicted stronger or more frequent nostalgic engagement.”

In the paper

“Importantly, search for meaning mediated the effect of boredom on nostalgia.”

In the paper

“We replicated the prior findings (i.e., suppressor situation; Paulhus et al., 2004), demonstrating directionally opposite causal effects of loneliness on nostalgia and perceived social support.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Paulhus et al., 2004 source

In the paper

“relieved boredom by reestablishing a sense of meaning”

In the paper

“In a developmental investigation of nostalgia (Hepper, Robertson, et al., 2014), well-being evinced a more positive age-related trajectory for individuals high (than low) on trait nostalgia (Study 1).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Robertson, et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Consistent with our hypothesis, nostalgics (compared to controls) kept their dominant hand immersed longer in a water bath maintained at 4 C.”

In the paper

“diminished stress in taxing circumstances”

In the paper

“Finally, nostalgia strengthened tolerance to the sensation of cold.”

• Also stated in: § 5.2.5 Physical threat · plain

  “Consistent with our hypothesis, nostalgics (compared to controls) kept their dominant hand immersed longer in a water bath maintained at 4 C.”

In the paper

“assuaged the anxiety accompanying mortality awareness”

In the paper

“Regardless of induction task, participants in the high-boredom condition reported greater levels of state nostalgia (measured with three items-e.g.,”

In the paper

“Low (but not high) avoidants evinced an association between perceived lack of social support and nostalgia frequency.”

In the paper

“reduced defensive responding to meaninglessness”

In the paper

“Higher levels of music-evoked nostalgia predicted greater perceived physical warmth.”

In the paper

“Noxious stimuli were as general as avoidance motivation and as specific as self-threat (i.e., negative performance feedback), existential threat (i.e., meaninglessness or mortality awareness), social threat (i.e., loneliness or social exclusion), and well-being threat (i.e., stress or boredom).All these stimuli increased felt nostalgia.”

In the paper

“Trait boredom was associated with greater trait search for meaning and nostalgia.”

In the paper

“Low (compared to high) avoidants stated more frequently that they became nostalgic when they were feeling lonely.”

In the paper

“We (Van Tilburg et al., 2013, Studies 1-3) began by demonstrating that boredom gives way to nostalgia.”

In the paper

“Nostalgia, in turn, predicted stronger social support in their lives.”

In the paper

“Nostalgics estimated the room temperature to be higher than controls.”

In the paper

“Specifically, the positive link between loneliness and nostalgia was stronger in participants high (compared to low) on resilience.”

In the paper

“We provided field and experimental evidence for this homeostatic correction of nostalgia (Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Chen, et al., 2012).”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Zhou, Wildschut, Sedikides, Chen, et al., 2012

In the paper

“Taken together, this research demonstrates that lay conceptions of nostalgia dovetail with formal dictionary definitions.”

In the paper

“Holak and Havlena (1998) showed that nostalgia's experiential content was characterized primarily by positive emotions (i.e., warmth, affection, joy, elation, tenderness, serenity, innocence, gratitude), and secondarily by negative emotions (i.e., sadness, irritation, loss, fear).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Holak and Havlena (1998) source

In the paper

“The nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives were characterized by more positive than negative feelings, and more feelings in general.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al. (2014) source

In the paper

“Nostalgic, compared to ordinary, recollections contained more first-person plural pronouns (e.g.,”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Robertson, Wildschut, & Sedikides (2014)

In the paper

“By the beginning of the twentieth century, the position that nostalgia was a psychiatric or psychosomatic disorder was well-entrenched (McCann, 1941).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCann, 1941 source

In the paper

“Reid, Green, Wildschut, and Sedikides (2014) demonstrated, in a sample of US undergraduates, that scent-evoked nostalgic memories were characterized by more positive emotions compared to non-nostalgic autobiographical memories or non-nostalgic non-autobiographical memories.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Reid, Green, Wildschut, and Sedikides (2014)

In the paper

“Nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives contained more references to all three categories, attesting to the relevance of sociality and identity for the nostalgic experience.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta, Routledge, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2014) source

In the paper

“Hofer (1688Hofer ( /1934)), a Swiss medical student who coined in his dissertation the term nostalgia, conceptualized it as a medical or neurological disease.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Hofer (1688/1934)

In the paper

“Nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives contained more references to all three categories, attesting to the relevance of sociality and identity for the nostalgic experience.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta, Routledge, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2014) source

In the paper

“The nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives were characterized by more positive than negative feelings, and more feelings in general.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al. (2014) source

In the paper

“By the advent of the millennium, the nostalgia and homesickness literatures had gone their separate ways.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis, 1979
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides, & Wildschut, 2012 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Wildschut, Sedikides, & Cordaro, 2011

In the paper

“Nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives contained more references to all three categories, attesting to the relevance of sociality and identity for the nostalgic experience.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta, Routledge, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2014) source

In the paper

“Consequently, the person feels sentimental, most often happy but with a tinge of longing.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al. (2012) source

In the paper

“Nostalgia has a checkered history, but is now rehabilitated as an adaptive psychological resource.”

In the paper

“Nostalgic, compared to ordinary, recollections contained more first-person plural pronouns (e.g.,”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Robertson, Wildschut, & Sedikides (2014)

In the paper

“Nostalgic accounts are, for the most part, redemptive.”

In the paper

“Nostalgic (relative to ordinary) recollections entailed high frequency of both abstract terms and concrete terms.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stephan, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2012) source

In the paper

“Nostalgic episodes are also considered atypically positive.”

In the paper

“Instead, it is generally a resource that individuals recruit in times of distress to help them cope with it.”

In the paper

“In the case of nostalgic reminiscing, the resulting positive affect of the event may offset its negative affect-an emotional dynamic felt as ambivalence.”

In the paper

“Nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives contained more references to attachment-related content, and fewer references to agency, among low-relative to high-avoidance participants.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al. (2014) source

In the paper

“Participants thought that the atypically good television shows of the past were more representative of shows of past decades (spanning their later adolescence and early adulthood) than were the atypically good shows of their current decade.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morewedge, 2013 source

In the paper

“Nostalgic (compared to ordinary) narratives contained more references to attachment-related content, and fewer references to agency, among low-relative to high-avoidance participants.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al. (2014) source

In the paper

“We posit, in particular, that nostalgia serves three vital intrapersonal and interpersonal functions: self-oriented, existential, and social.”

In the paper

“Participants in Morewedge's experiments similarly considered the quality of television shows of their late adolescence and early adulthood as superior to that of the current shows, with show quality being essentially controlled for.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morewedge, 2013 source

In the paper

“Nostalgic (relative to ordinary) recollections entailed high frequency of both abstract terms and concrete terms.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stephan, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2012) source

In the paper

“Finally, nostalgia is experienced in many cultures across five continents (Hepper, Wildschut, et al., 2014).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Wildschut, et al., 2014 source

In the paper

“Morewedge identified the mechanism underlying these preferences as the atypical representativeness of past shows.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Morewedge, 2013 source

In the paper

“As one might expect from their redemptive structure, nostalgic episodes are positively valenced.”

In the paper

“consumers show preferences for products (e.g., actors, film, television shows, music) that were popular during their late adolescence and early adulthood (Holbrook & Schindler, 1996)”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Holbrook & Schindler, 1996 source

In the paper

“the higher participants score on trait nostalgia (as measured by Batcho's [1995] Nostalgia Inventory described below), the chronic tendency to engage in nostalgic reflection and to find such engagement personally important, the more they rate their past favorably (Batcho, 1998) and report positive childhood experiences (Batcho, 2013b).”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Batcho, 2013b

In the paper

“nostalgia is experienced not only among adults of all ages (in UK and US samples; Hepper, Robertson, et al., 2014;Routledge et al., 2011) but also among older children and teenagers (in Chinese samples; Zhou et al., 2008).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Robertson, et al., 2014 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2011 source

In the paper

“It entails a redemption rather than contamination trajectory.”

In the paper

“Stated differently, the positive affect of an event lasts longer than its negative affect.”

In the paper

“Once again, nostalgic (compared to ordinary or positive) recollections contained more abstract construal and also more concrete construal that linked the past with the present.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stephan et al. (2012) source

In the paper

“the higher participants score on trait nostalgia (as measured by Batcho's [1995] Nostalgia Inventory described below), the chronic tendency to engage in nostalgic reflection and to find such engagement personally important, the more they rate their past favorably (Batcho, 1998) and report positive childhood experiences (Batcho, 2013b).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Batcho, 1998 source

In the paper

“Once again, nostalgic (compared to ordinary or positive) recollections contained more abstract construal and also more concrete construal that linked the past with the present.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Stephan et al. (2012) source

In the paper

“Notably, redemption (compared to contamination) trajectories in life narratives are more strongly related to well-being and improved health (Dunlop & Tracy, 2013;McAdams & McLean, 2013)”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dunlop & Tracy, 2013 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McAdams & McLean, 2013 source

In the paper

“In all, nostalgia strengthens perceptions of psychological growth.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Baldwin, Biernat, and Landau (2014)

In the paper

“We submit that nostalgia constitutes an indirect strategy for sustaining sociality.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Gardner et al., 2005

In the paper

“Further, the effects of nostalgia on growth-related self-perceptions and behavioral intentions were mediated by self-esteem.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baldwin and Landau, 2014 source

In the paper

“When nostalgizing, individuals retrieve positivity accumulated from their past to boost their current selfesteem and, as a result, they feel optimistic about their future.”

In the paper

“We endorsed the view that nostalgia fulfils an existential function.”

What the sources say

• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Davis (1979)
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge, Sedikides, et al., 2013 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Sedikides et al., 2004

In the paper

“Nostalgic accounts entail psychological growth, defined as”

In the paper

“Further, we proposed that it does so, in part, by serving as a source of meaning in life (Routledge, Sedikides, et al., 2013;Sedikides et al., 2004).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge, Sedikides, et al., 2013 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Sedikides et al., 2004

In the paper

“Nostalgic narratives and the nostalgic experience are rich in social themes (Abeyta et al., 2014;Batcho et al., 2008;Hepper et al., 2012;Holak & Havlena, 1992;Robertson et al., 2014;Wildschut et al., 2006, Studies 1 and 2).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Abeyta et al., 2014 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Batcho et al., 2008 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source

In the paper

“our research shows that nostalgia increases self-esteem above and beyond pertinent control conditions.”

In the paper

“Taken together, these findings establish that nostalgia elevates selfesteem.”

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgic (vs.ordinary) event condition reported greater growth-related self-perceptions (i.e., self-expansion, curiosity, inclination toward new experiences; Kashdan et al., 2009) and stronger growth-related behavioral intentions (i.e., to engage in novel, self-expansive activities; Luke, Sedikides, & Carnelley, 2012).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baldwin and Landau, 2014 source

In the paper

“Patients with difficulty in remembering past events also have difficulty imagining new experiences (Hassabis, Kumaran, Vann, & Maguire, 2007;Klein, Loftus, & Kihlstrom, 2002) or anticipating their future in detail (Addis, Sacchetti, Ally, Budson, & Schacter, 2009;Brown, Dorfman, Marmar, & Bryant, 2012).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hassabis et al., 2007 source
• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Klein et al., 2002 source

In the paper

“It follows from this literature that, if nostalgic recollection is positive, this positivity may be projected onto the future.”

In the paper

“Indeed, self-esteem is positively associated with optimism (Chemers, Watson, & May, 2000;Ma ¨kikangas, Kinnunen, & Feldt, 2004), although the two constructs are sufficiently distinct to warrant independent treatment.”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Chemers, Watson, & May, 2000 source
• ?Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  cites Ma ¨kikangas, Kinnunen, & Feldt, 2004

In the paper

“Recollection and projection into the future are interdependent ( Johnson & Sherman, 1990).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Johnson & Sherman, 1990

In the paper

“Davis (1977, p. 420) prophetically argued that nostalgia spawns a buoyant outlook on the future”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Davis, 1977 source

In the paper

“Participants in the nostalgic (vs.ordinary) event condition reported greater growth-related self-perceptions (i.e., self-expansion, curiosity, inclination toward new experiences; Kashdan et al., 2009) and stronger growth-related behavioral intentions (i.e., to engage in novel, self-expansive activities; Luke, Sedikides, & Carnelley, 2012).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baldwin and Landau, 2014 source

In the paper

“some past experiences predict sanguinity in decision-making (Albarracin & Wyer, 2000) and in close relationships (Carnelley & Janoff-Bulman, 1992).”

What the sources say

• ?Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carnelley & Janoff-Bulman, 1992 source

In the paper

“However, the utility of nostalgia for psychological functioning and well-being is moderated by individual differences.”

In the paper

“However, across all studies tested, the hypothesized sequence showed the best model fit.”

In the paper

“We build on the relevance of sociality by arguing that it underpins, at least in part, the selforiented and existential functions of nostalgia.”