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Prospective Study of Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Women
Abstract
Background Although many studies support an inverse association between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms, prospective relationships between these variables have been confounded by pre-existing psychological and physical health problems.Methods This study examined the dose-response relationships between self-reported PA and depressive symptoms, using cross-sectional and prospective data from a population-based cohort of middle-aged women who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) between 1996 and 2001. Participants completed three mailed surveys (S1, 1996; S2, 1998; S3, 2001), which included questions about time spent in walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA, and measures of psychological health (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale [CESD-10], and Mental health [MH] subscale of the Short Form 36 survey). Relationships between previous (S1, S2), current (S3), and habitual (S1, S2, S3) PA and "depressive symptoms" were examined, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related variables (n=9207).Results Mean CESD-10 scores decreased, and MH scores increased with increasing levels of previous, current, and habitual activity. Odds ratios for CESD-10 scores > or =10 or MH scores < or =52 at S3 were 30% to 40% lower among women who reported the equivalent of > or =60 minutes of moderate-intensity PA per week, compared with those who reported less PA than this. Women who were in the lowest PA category at S1, but who subsequently reported > or =240 metabolic equivalent minutes (MET.mins) per week had lower odds of CESD-10 scores of > or =10 or MH scores < or =52 at S3 than those who remained in the very low PA category.Conclusions These data suggest that there is a clear relationship between increasing PA and decreasing depressive symptoms in middle-aged women, independent of pre-existing physical and psychological health.
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“Physical activity can protect against incident depression symptoms [21-23]”
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“Furthermore, the direct and indirect relationships found in this study between PA and SB and psychological well-being emphasize the importance of the role of PA on mental health and depression [55,56,60].”
"It's my hormones, doctor"-does physical activity help with menopausal symptoms?
van Poppel, M. N. M., & Brown, W. J. (2007) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31804b418c · Cited by 49
Self-citationBlough, J., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.019 · Cited by 55
Bhandari, P., & Paswan, B. (2020) · Ageing International · doi:10.1007/s12126-020-09371-0 · Cited by 48
Xu, Q., Anderson, D. J., & Courtney, M. D. (2010) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2010.486096 · Cited by 53
Association between Leisure Time Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms in Men
Sieverdes, J. C., Ray, B. M., Sui, X., Lee, D.-C., Hand, G. A., Baruth, M., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31822e00a6 · Cited by 51
“Few studies have examined the relationship between depression and PA in a male population; most of the literature has foeused on eombined populations of men and women (5,10,14,18) or women only (4,28,33).”
BackgroundColvin, A. B., Richardson, G. A., Cyranowski, J. M., Youk, A. O., & Bromberger, J. T. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22651 · Cited by 51
Hamer, M., Biddle, S., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0549-0 · Cited by 46
Chambers, S. K., Lynch, B. M., Aitken, J. F., & Baade, P. D. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.18.5157 · Cited by 44
Learning to feel tired: A learning trajectory towards chronic fatigue
Lenaert, B., Boddez, Y., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., & Heugten, C. M. V. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.11.004 · Cited by 46
“…(Galiano-Castillo et al., 2014; Matcham et al., 2015; Motl, Birnbaum, Kubik, & Dishman, 2004), and has even been shown to be a prospective risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms (Brown, Ford, Burton, Marshall, & Dobson, 2005; Camacho, Roberts, Lazarus, Kaplan, & Cohen, 1991).”
BackgroundLapses and Psychosocial Factors Related to Physical Activity in Early Postmenopause
Conroy, M. B., Simkin‐Silverman, L. R., Gabriel, K. P., Hess, R., Kuller, L. H., & Kriska, A. M. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318137388d · Cited by 44
Matthews, M. M., Hsu, F., Walkup, M. P., Barry, L. C., Patel, K. V., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03319.x · Cited by 43
“A relationship between increasing levels of physical activity and decreasing depressive symptoms has been demonstrated independent of physical and psychological health.(11,12) Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated that physical activity may be an effective strategy to reduce depressive symptoms in older adults.”
BackgroundChristiani, Y., Byles, J., Tavener, M., & Dugdale, P. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.042 · Cited by 47
Kai, Y., Nagamatsu, T., Kitabatake, Y., & Sensui, H. (2016) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000651 · Cited by 45
“Furthermore, a prospective study showed a relationship between moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise and depressive symptoms in middle-aged women.(7) In a review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with depression, the effect size of exercise on depression was 0.”
BackgroundThe impact of lifestyle factors on the 2-year course of depressive and/or anxiety disorders
Boschloo, L., Reeuwijk, K. G., Schoevers, R. A., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.019 · Cited by 45
“Although several studies focussed on the prospective association between lifestyle factors and the onset of disorders (Brown et al., 2005; Haynes et al., 2005; Kang and Lee, 2010; Boden et al., 2010), only very few studies have prospectively examined their impact on the course of disorders in patients with a DSM-IV di…”
BackgroundHan, K., Kim, M. S., Kim, A., Paik, J., Lee, J., & Ham, B. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.003 · Cited by 43
Song, M., Paul, S., Ward, S. E., Gilet, C. A., & Hladik, G. A. (2018) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.11.016 · Cited by 41
“26,27 The Cronbach’s alpha in the study was 0.71.”
BackgroundInfluentialEime, R., Harvey, J. T., & Payne, W. R. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0073 · Cited by 40
Physical activity and reduced risk of depression: Results of a longitudinal study of Mexican adults.
Gallegos-Carrillo, K., Flóres, Y. N., Denova‐Gutiérrez, E., Méndez‐Hernández, P., Dosamantes-Carrasco, L. D., Moran, S. A. H., Borges, G. L. G., Halley-Castillo, E., Macías, N., & Salmerón, J. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029276 · Cited by 46
O'Dougherty, M., Hearst, M. O., Syed, M., Kurzer, M. S., & Schmitz, K. H. (2012) · Mental Health and Physical Activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.05.001 · Cited by 36
Dakwar, E., Blanco, C., Lin, K.-H., Liu, S.-M., Warden, D., Trivedi, M. H., & Nunes, E. V. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.11m07484 · Cited by 40
Association of physical activity with future mental health in older, mid-life and younger women
Griffiths, A., Kouvonen, A. M., Pentti, J., Oksanen, T., Virtanen, M., Salo, P., Väänänen, A., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Vahtera, J. (2014) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt199 · Cited by 41
Comparação dos níveis de ansiedade e depressão entre idosos ativos e sedentários
Minghelli, B., Tomé, B., Nunes, C., Neves, A., & Simões, C. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) · doi:10.1590/s0101-60832013000200004 · Cited by 70
Farming fit? Dispelling the Australian agrarian myth
Brumby, S. A., Chandrasekara, A., McCoombe, S. G., Kremer, P. J., & Lewandowski, P. A. (2011) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-89 · Cited by 38
“Depressed or chronically stressed people generally have lower levels of physical activity than people without mental illness [4].”
BackgroundThe Relationship between Locomotive Syndrome and Depression in Community-Dwelling Elderly People
Nakamura, M., Hashizume, H., Nomura, S., Kono, R., & Utsunomiya, H. (2017) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2017/4104802 · Cited by 36
Metadata
- Authors
- BROWN, W., FORD, J., BURTON, N., MARSHALL, A., & DOBSON, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- BROWN, W
- Venue
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 265-272
- ISSN
- 0749-3797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1965410199
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Recreational Sport and Physical Activity
- Keywords
- physical activity, depressive symptoms, middle-aged women, dose-response relationship, walking, moderate physical activity, high-intensity exercise, mental health, Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, prospective cohort
- MeSH terms
- Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Exercise, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio
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