Methodological issues in research on web-based behavioral interventions
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Web-based behavioral intervention research is rapidly growing. PURPOSE: We review methodological issues shared across Web-based intervention research to help inform future research in this area. METHODS: We examine measures and their interpretation using exemplar studies and our research. RESULTS: We report on research designs used to evaluate Web-based interventions and recommend newer, blended designs. We review and critique methodological issues associated with recruitment, engagement, and social validity. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that there is value to viewing this burgeoning realm of research from the broader context of behavior change research. We conclude that many studies use blended research designs, that innovative mantling designs such as the Multiphase Optimization Strategy and Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial methods hold considerable promise and should be used more widely, and that Web-based controls should be used instead of usual care or no-treatment controls in public health research. We recommend topics for future research that address participant recruitment, engagement, and social validity.
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Increased engagement is not necessarily better under all circumstances or with all BITs.
“At the same time, however, we should avoid overgeneralized assumptions that increased engagement is necessarily better under all circumstances or with all BITs (68, 73).”
From Behavioral Intervention Technologies: Evidence review and recommendations for future research in mental health (2013) · cites this paper as [73]
The evidence that usage is associated with intended outcomes is mixed, and largely correlational.
“Firstly, the evidence that usage is associated with intended outcomes is mixed, and largely correlational.[21][22][23]”
From Understanding and Promoting Effective Engagement With Digital Behavior Change Interventions (2016) · cites this paper as [21]
Metrics associated with duration of time spent on the website were not collected because this metric can be confounded by factors such as internet connection speed, the ability of participants to access a page and leave the room, and the fact that more viewing is not linearly tied with better outcomes.
“Similarly metrics associated with duration of time spent on the website was not collected given that this metric can be confounded by factors such as internet connection speed, the ability of participants to access a page and leave the room, and the fact that more viewing is not linearly tied with better outcomes [20].”
From Internet-enhanced management of fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
From the perspective of translational clinical research, using a standard care control condition represents a preferred methodology for a study of this nature.
“From the perspective of translational clinical research, our use of a standard care control condition represents a preferred methodology for a study of this nature [20].”
From Internet-enhanced management of fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial (2010) · cites this paper as [20]
There have been calls to develop a more scientific approach to the design and evaluation of Web-based interventions, including the analysis of engagement.
“As the corpus of research studies grows, there have been calls to develop a more scientific approach to the design and evaluation of Web-based interventions: a methodology that includes the analysis of engagement.”
From Analyzing Engagement in a Web-Based Intervention Platform Through Visualizing Log-Data (2014) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Danaher, B. G., & Seeley, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Danaher, Brian G.
- Venue
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 28-39
- ISSN
- 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
- 0883-6612
- 1532-4796
- PMC
- PMC3846298
- OpenAlex
- W2147363989
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA118575, CA84225, CA118575, R01CA084225)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- e-health, research design, multiphase optimization strategy, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial, participant recruitment, participant engagement, social validity, web-based control, behavior change
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Humans, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Research Design, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Patient Satisfaction, Patient Selection, Internet
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