The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, and the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in young adults. Effective management requires a multifaceted approach to control acute attacks, manage progressive worsening, and remediate bothersome or disabling symptoms associated with this illness. Remarkable advances in treatment of all forms of MS, and especially for relapsing disease, have favorably changed the long-term outlook for many patients. There also has been a conceptual shift in understanding the immune pathology of MS, away from a purely T-cell-mediated model to recognition that B cells have a key role in pathogenesis. The emergence of higher-efficacy drugs requiring less frequent administration have made these preferred options in terms of tolerability and adherence. Many experts now recommend use of these as first-line treatment for many patients with early disease, before permanent disability is evident.
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“It may also partly explain why immunosuppressive therapies have thus far had little or no effect on disability accumulation in progressive MS trials4.”
From Locus for severity implicates CNS resilience in progression of multiple sclerosis (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
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“While disease-modifying therapies have significantly improved prognosis for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS), effective treatments for the progressive, neurodegenerative phase are lacking.”
From Insights and challenges on animal models for progressive multiple sclerosis (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
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“Most DMTs are approved for treatment of relapsing MS (RMS) [17], a smaller number have shown benefit in some SPMS populations [19, 22, 23], but only one DMT has shown efficacy for treatment of PPMS, underlining the unmet need of treatment options for these patients [20] (Table 2).”
From Insights and challenges on animal models for progressive multiple sclerosis (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“For example, IFN-γ has been proposed to play both stimulatory and suppressive roles in cancer, and type I IFNs are used both as an immunosuppressant to treat multiple sclerosis and as immunostimulatory adjuvant treatments for cancer (for example melanoma) and chronic viral infection (for example HCV)48–50.”
From Causal identification of single-cell experimental perturbation effects with CINEMA-OT (2023) · cites this paper as [50]
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Citations
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Kacířová, I., Kusnirikova, Z. K., Pesakova, V., Hradílek, P., Brozmanová, H., & Grundmann, M. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.106246 · Cited by 3
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Sertbaş, M., & Ülgen, K. Ö. (2025) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00006 · Cited by 5
“11 In addition to oligodendrocytes, astrocytes are also recognized as highly active players during lesion formation in MS. 12 Understanding the roles of these various brain cell types is crucial for developing targeted therapies aimed at modulating the immune response, protecting myelin, and…”
Mahmoud, A. M. A., Helal, M. G., El‐Sherbiny, M., Said, E., Nader, M. A., & Shehatou, G. S. G. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177686 · Cited by 4
New approach of using medicinal mushrooms for managing and curing multiple sclerosis
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Budina, E., Reda, J. W., Cao, S., Watkins, E. A., Solanki, A., Nguyen, M., Ang, P. S., Medellin, J. E. G., Chun, H.-R., Foley, C., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102231 · Cited by 3
“3 Additionally, broad immunosuppression may impair endogenous repair mechanisms.”
Tocilizumab binds to canine IL-6 receptor and elicits in-vitro inhibitory biological response
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“Ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen on B cells, is an example of such treatment (19, 20).”
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Novel contributors to B cell activation during inflammatory CNS demyelination; An oNGOing process
Damianidou, O., Theotokis, P., Grigoriadis, N., & Petratos, S. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.66350 · Cited by 3
“in primary lymphoid organs and teriflunomide, anti-inflammatory dimethyl fumarate, cladribine, mitoxantrone are only some of the recent additions [88-92, 94].”
BackgroundJayaraman, S., & Jayaraman, A. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.980758 · Cited by 4
Kohestani, A., Sadati, S. Z., & Abolghasemi, S. (2022) · Journal of Research and Health · doi:10.32598/jrh.12.5.2025.1 · Cited by 3
Mitsikostas, D. D., Orologas, A., Dardiotis, E., Fakas, N., Doskas, T. K., Karageorgiou, K., Maltezou, M., Iliopoulos, I., Vikelis, M., & Grigoriadis, N. (2023) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-022-02388-8 · Cited by 3
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“Clinically, MS follows two paths: relapsing or progressive [2].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Acupressure Applied to Patients With Multiple Sclerosis on Fatigue
SUNGUR, M., Ovayolu, N., & Akçalı, A. (2023) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000588 · Cited by 3
Bridgeman, C. J., Shah, S., Oakes, R. S., & Jewell, C. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1184938 · Cited by 3
“Further, even the most advanced therapies – such as monoclonal antibodies – do not distinguish between healthy and dysfunctional immune cells (Torkildsen, Myhr and Bø, 2016; Hauser and Cree, 2020).”
BackgroundMoazen, M., Mousavi-Shirazi-Fard, Z., Mazloom, Z., Izadi, S., & Ghaseminasab-Parizi, M. (2023) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2023.2233175 · Cited by 4
“Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system [1, 2], and is the major cause of non-traumatic neurological disability occurring in young adults [2].”
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Frequency of Dimethyl Fumarate-Induced Lymphopenia among Omani Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
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“However, diagnostic tests indicated that the data was free of these problems because all the correlation coefficients between explanatory variables were <0.35 and all the variance inflation factors were <4.0 [Table 3].”
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“Numerous advancements in the fi eld of MS treatment are being tried that are improving the outcomes in patients with MS, but the disease remains incurable [5.]”
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Svetlichnaya, A. V. (2024) · Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention · doi:10.31631/2073-3046-2024-23-1-21-32 · Cited by 3
Challenges of Using Nanotechnology for Neurological Disorders and Alternate Solutions
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Paolicelli, D., Borriello, G., Clerici, R., Colombo, E., Croce, D. D., D’Amico, E., Rossi, N. D., Sapio, A. D., Fenu, G., Maimone, D., et al. (2024) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-024-00644-3 · Cited by 3
“Given the multi-factorial pathogenesis of MS, none of the available DMTs is considered curative, as they are mainly aimed at controlling disease activity and reducing the rate of relapses [11].”
BackgroundNotch Signaling in Central Nervous System: From Cellular Development to Multiple Sclerosis Disease
Askari, H., Rabiei, F., Yahyazadeh, M., Biagini, G., & Ghasemi‐Kasman, M. (2024) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x22666240731114906 · Cited by 3
“This leads to the gradual development of deficits due to the degeneration of axons in the CNS caused by demyelination [1].”
Yañez-Esparza, A., Corona-Meraz, F.-I., Mireles-Ramírez, M. A., Reyes-Mata, M. P., Martínez-Fernández, C., Pallàs, M., Griñán‐Ferré, C., Pavón, L., Guerrero-García, J. D. J., & Ortuño‐Sahagún, D. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106344 · Cited by 3
González‐Jiménez, A., Urcelay, E., & Espino‐Paisán, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1597117 · Cited by 4
“No actual MS treatment stops neurodegeneration (59), which accumulates as the disease progresses, and circulating OPN seems indicative of this process.”
Charoenkwan, P., Schaduangrat, N., Chumnanpuen, P., & Shoombuatong, W. (2025) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.70010 · Cited by 3
“Over the past 150 years, our understanding of MS has significantly expanded through technological advances and dedicated research (Hauser and Cree 2020).”
Elford, J., O’Reilly, R. J., Babey, A., Rafeek, R. A. M., & Ketheesan, N. (2025) · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · doi:10.1002/prp2.70155 · Cited by 3
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THE RISK OF COVID-19 SEVERITY IN PATIENTS WITH MS APPEARS TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNOTHERAPY
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Pipe dream: Remyelination therapy for multiple sclerosis
Deneen, B. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2414324121 · Cited by 2
Gökçe, Ş. F., Bolayır, A., & Çiğdem, B. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.106150 · Cited by 2
Alyami, K. A., Alshahrany, G. A., Al-Otaibi, K. M., Alam, M. Z., Alghamdi, B. S. A., Alsufiani, H. M., Alshareef, N. O., Alhoraibi, H., Alkhodair, S. A., & Omar, U. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2025.1567226 · Cited by 2
“To date, the MS disease remains incurable; however, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved fifteen disease modifying therapies (Hauser and Cree, 2020; Reich et al., 2018).”
Large-scale Empirical Identification of Candidate Comparators for Pharmacoepidemiological Studies
Bohn, J. M., Gilbert, J. P., Knoll, C., Kern, D. M., & Ryan, P. B. (2025) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-025-01569-y · Cited by 3
“…beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, dimethyl fumarate, fin-golimod, and natalizumab) are all other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) [19], and those ranked sixth through tenth (teriflunomide, dalfampridine, ocre-lizumab, corticotropin, and modafinil; data not shown) are either…”
Keller, A. M., Marck, C. H., Kotz, D., von Glasenapp, B., Heesen, C., & Riemann-Lorenz, K. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091950 · Cited by 3
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“…role in multiple facets of mitochondrial quality control putatively through modulation of Ca 2+ homeostasis, while the mechanism of action of teriflunomide is the inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, whose activity is intrinsically linked to the mitochondrial respiratory chain (19, 33).”
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“The regulatory landscape for advanced imaging biomarkers continues to evolve, particularly following recent European guidelines for MS clinical investigation [33].”
Nawaz, A., Bakhtiyar, A., Khan, M. I., Siddiqui, E., Khan, E., Abbas, M. N., Saad, M., Qasim, M., & Taha, M. M. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04519-4 · Cited by 2
“Various antibodies in this regard have been developed including OCR, Ofatu-mumab, Rituximab, Alemtuzumab, Natalizumab [1, 7].”
Jevtić, B., Momčilović, N., Stegnjaić, G., Lazarević, M. N., Stanisavljević, S., Tamaš, O., Veselinovic, N., Budimkic, M. S., Mesaroš, Š., Miljković, D. M., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262311295 · Cited by 2
“B cell-depleting anti-CD20 DMTs, such as ocrelizumab, represent highly effective drugs for reducing the relapse rate, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity, and progression of the disease [22,23].”
Donaldson, A., Druker, M. R., Monaco, M. C., Stack, E. H., Zimmerman, P., Lee, A. J., Bialuk, I., Frazier, W., Cortese, I. C. M., Narver, H. L., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci195764 · Cited by 2
“This may be, in part, a reflection of current treatments aiming to modulate host immune responses rather than target underlying drivers of disease pathogenesis (30).”
Gheibi, S., YahyaZadeh, M., Karimipour, M., Ghazavi, A., & Kashfi, K. (2025) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_152_24 · Cited by 2
“[29] One approach that may help in achieving better treatment outcomes is to reduce exposure to environmental and dietary factors that can potentially exasperate the course of the disease.”
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“Initial therapy includes disease-modifying drugs (DMTs) including interferon-β and glatiramer acetate, which regulate immunological function [12].”
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“Furthermore, these treatments offer little to no benefit for patients with progressive MS [39–42].”
CAR T cell therapy in autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders: a promising strategy
Wen, M., Zheng, R., Zhang, H., Goldberg, S. Y., Jian, Z., Gao, Y., Cheng, R., Wen, L., Zhao, Y. Y., Kenderian, S. S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03662-6 · Cited by 2
“The infiltration of immune cells into the CNS is a hallmark of MS, but traditional therapies have limited effects on these tissue-resident immune cells [106].”
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“26”
Bonabi, M. A., Mosaddeghi-Heris, R., Taheri, N., Talebi, M., & Naseri, A. (2026) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883261453962 · Cited by 2
“Epidemiological data consistently demonstrate a predominance of females among individuals with MS (Hauser & Cree, 2020).”
From cellular heterogeneity to precision medicine: single-cell multi-omics in CNS disease research
Liu, T., Zhang, Y., Hou, W., Hao, H., Geng, A., Zhao, G., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2026.1848558 · Cited by 3
“Among these, MS is the most prevalent chronic autoimmune demy-elinating disease of the CNS (Hauser and Cree, 2020).”
Šiarnik, P., Rádiková, Ž., Kollár, B., Kutšálová, M., Penesová, A., Havranová, A., Imrich, R., Vlček, M., Žitňanová, I., Krastev, G., et al. (2026) · Neurology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40120-026-00982-4 · Cited by 2
“Current MS management includes corticosteroids for acute relapses and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that suppress or modulate immune response to reduce the inflammatory disease activity [4].”
Dwyer, M. G., Bergsland, N., Bartnik, A., Jakimovski, D., Noteboom, S., Schoonheim, M. M., Steenwijk, M. D., Pei, J., Clayton, D., & Zivadinov, R. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01683-7 · Cited by 7
Lessons from immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis
Rispoli, M. G., D’Apolito, M., Pozzilli, V., & Tomassini, V. (2023) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00013-8 · Cited by 2
Ottersbach, J., Wetter, T. C., König, N., Fierlbeck, A. K., Weissert, R., & Popp, R. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.104930 · Cited by 2
Microglia: a potential target for neurological disorder
Parajuli, B., & Koizumi, S. (2023) · Folia Pharmacologica Japonica · doi:10.1254/fpj.23005 · Cited by 2
Golmohammadi, Z., Boostani, R., Saeidi, M., Aryan, E., Gholoobi, A., Meshkat, M., Chechaklou, A. H., Khoshakhlagh, M., Abolbashari, S., & Meshkat, Z. (2023) · Archives of Neuroscience · doi:10.5812/ans-135230 · Cited by 2
“Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent non-traumatic neurological disability that affects young adults (1).”
BackgroundShah, S., Kothari, C. S., Bhalodi, K., & Patel, M. (2023) · Separation Science Plus · doi:10.1002/sscp.202300171 · Cited by 2
Hladkykh, F. V. (2024) · INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL · doi:10.22141/2224-0713.19.7.2023.1026 · Cited by 2
Diagnosis and Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Disease Using Artificial Intelligence
Aziz, S., Amjad, M., Akram, F., Sami, N., & Parveen, A. (2024) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9029-0_7 · Cited by 2
Emerging biomarkers for improving pregnancy planning in multiple sclerosis
Cuello, J. P., Rivera, A. M., Monreal, E., Lozano, A. G., Cano, A. M. G., García‐Domínguez, J. M., Fernández-Velasco, J. I., Costa‐Frossard, L., Goicochea, H., Higueras, Y., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1292296 · Cited by 2
Prospects for microbiome modulation in autoimmune diseases: a literature review
Peshkova, M., Korneev, A. A., Игоревна, К. П., Kosheleva, N. V., & Timashev, P. S. (2024) · Sechenov Medical Journal · doi:10.47093/2218-7332.2024.15.1.4-19 · Cited by 2
Molecular Mechanisms in the Design of Novel Targeted Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Nowak, I., Paździor-Heiske, M., Sarna, R., & Madej, M. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46060325 · Cited by 3
“4 The kinurenin pathway leads from projection-remitting multiple sclerosis (PRMS) to chronic progressive sclerosis [26].”
BackgroundInfluentialFingolimod‐associated Balo's concentric sclerosis in multiple sclerosis: A case report
Sharifi, P., Moradi, A., & Moghadasi, A. N. (2024) · Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.1002/ccr3.9266 · Cited by 2
Automated MRI Segmentation of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Prospects for Technology Development
Zakharov, A. V., Melnikova, D., Shchepetov, A. O., Andreev, A. M., Dedyk, D. A., & Komarova, Y. (2024) · International Conference Neurotechnologies and Neurointerfaces (CNN) · doi:10.1109/cnn63506.2024.10705810 · Cited by 2
“Accurate diagnosis of MS is essential to control disability and disease progression [11].”
BackgroundDeveloping a Model for Predicting Multiple Sclerosis Activity Based On Machine Learning
Zakharov, A. V., Khivintseva, E., Gilmanova, N., Kozlov, D., Shirolapov, I. V., & Romanchuk, N. (2024) · International Conference Neurotechnologies and Neurointerfaces (CNN) · doi:10.1109/cnn63506.2024.10705831 · Cited by 2
“Accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential to control disability and disease progression [1], as well as differential diagnosis [2-4].”
BackgroundComplex case of multiple sclerosis with multiple demyelinating locations
Lungu, C.-M., Oprea, D., Georgescu, B., Stanciu, L.-E., Ionescu, E. V., & Iliescu, M. G. (2024) · Balneo and PRM Research Journal · doi:10.12680/balneo.2024.737 · Cited by 2
Alba-Rueda, A., Lucena-Antón, D., & Miguel-Rubio, A. D. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241287874 · Cited by 2
Design and Synthesis of a Sialic Acid‐Derived Tracer for 18F‐PET Multiple Sclerosis Imaging
Siebold, K., Göbel, L., Konken, C. P., Faust, A., & Gilmour, R. (2025) · European Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ejoc.202401381 · Cited by 2
Borgonetti, V., Governa, P., Morozzi, M., Sasia, C., Videtta, G., Biagi, M., & Galeotti, N. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13020278 · Cited by 2
Association Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Disease Severity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Saleem, F., Shadia, S., Govindasamy, V., Fatima, R. O., Khan, R. M., Suresh, K. N., John, S. P., Khalid, S., Mubarak, T. A. F., Abdelsadig, M. K. A., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.83386 · Cited by 2
In vitro investigation of the toxicological mechanisms of Fingolimod (S)-phosphate in HEPG2 cells
Bilgehan, A., Şeker, Z., Qaoud, M. T., & Özhan, G. (2025) · Toxicology Research · doi:10.1093/toxres/tfaf064 · Cited by 3
Țieranu, E. N., Cureraru, S. I., Târtea, G. C., Vladuțu, V.-C., Cojocaru, P. A., Piorescu, M. T. L., & Ţieranu, M. L. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14124304 · Cited by 2
“A notable adverse effect is bradycardia and the risk of AV block, which requires an ECG and blood pressure measurement [63–65].”
Lei, Y., Yu, J., Huo, X., Li, Z., Wang, J., Jiang, Y., Yu, Y., Huang, Y., Jiang, W., Tian, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03538-9 · Cited by 2
Cheshmehsangi, E., Alidadi, S., Baghshani, H., & Shakeri, A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-18533-6 · Cited by 2
MS HASTALIĞININ TEDAVİSİNE YÖNELİK YENİ SFİNGOSİN-1-FOSFAT RESEPTÖR MODÜLATÖRLERİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
HUYLU, B., & Yalçın, G. (2022) · Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences · doi:10.36306/konjes.1000363 · Cited by 2
Disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis
Holmøy, T., Nygaard, G. O., Myhr, K., & Bø, L. (2021) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.21.0155 · Cited by 2
Midaglia, L. S., Sastre‐Garriga, J., & Montalbán, X. (2021) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.7306.2021136 · Cited by 5
Dong, Z., Wu, L., & Zhao, L. (2022) · Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1002/term.3333 · Cited by 2
Análise das características da Esclerose Múltipla: revisão de literatura
Moreira, C. E. A., Telles, I. R., & Barone, C. (2022) · Revista Eletrônica Acervo Médico · doi:10.25248/reamed.e11194.2022 · Cited by 2
An updated overview of the application of CAR‐T cell therapy in neurological diseases
Shahabifard, H., Zarei, M., Kookli, K., Afyouni, N. E., Soltani, N., Maghsoodi, S., Adili, A., Mahmoudi, J., Shomali, N., & Shotorbani, S. S. (2023) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1002/btpr.3356 · Cited by 3
“93,94 Comparative studies of various population groups have found that incidence and prevalence vary by ethnicity and region.”
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis - A review of recent advances in diagnostics and treatments
Wiśniewska, K., Ostańska, A., Szafran, A., Terelak, W., Ciechański, M., Witkowska, E., Piasek, L., Godek, G., Więcław, K., & Stańko, K. (2023) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2023.14.01.004 · Cited by 2
“Ocrelizumab zmniejsza progresję klinicznej niesprawności o około jedną czwartą i poprawia inne kliniczne i MRI markery aktywności choroby[21].”
BackgroundInfluentialCo-occurrence of glioma and multiple sclerosis: Prevailing theories and emerging therapies
Kim, E., Fortoul, M. C., Weimer, D., Meggyesy, M. A., & Beckler, M. D. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105027 · Cited by 2
Gedvilaitė, G., Duseikaitė, M., Dubinskaitė, G., Kriaučiūnienė, L., Žemaitienė, R., & Liutkevičienė, R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13010010 · Cited by 2
“…pathway is involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms It is well known that ON is closely related to MS, and it is often difficult to distinguish the specific symptoms of these diseases [24,25], so the SNPs studied in our work could have a direct impact on the manifestation of ON. mechanisms of MS.”
BackgroundThe clinical applications of immunosequencing
Bardwell, B., Bay, J., & Colburn, Z. T. (2024) · Current Research in Translational Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.retram.2024.103439 · Cited by 2
Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ye, M., Wang, L., Lan, T., Wang, Y., & Qi, Z. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1007673/v1 · Cited by 2
Rogue T Cells and LncRNAs: Two Strong Contenders for Autoimmune DisordersPreprint
Kandimalla, G., Parmar, S., Singh, P. K., Manhas, V. D., & Vuree, S. (2022) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0001.v1 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Hauser, S. L., & Cree, B. A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hauser, Stephen L.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 133
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1380-1390.e2
- ISSN
- 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7704606
- OpenAlex
- W3042308502
- Cited by
- 969
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 208 · 2024: 229 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 14.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Novartis
- Roche
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R35NS111644)
- TG Therapeutics
- Valhalla Foundation
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RR 2005-A-13)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, disease-modifying therapy, B-cell therapy, T cell-mediated autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, disability progression, symptom management, first-line therapy, long-term prognosis
- MeSH terms
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Multiple Sclerosis, Physical Therapy Modalities
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