A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research

Determination of water diffusion coefficients in perfluorosulfonate ionomeric membranes

Zawodzinski, T. A., Neeman, M., Sillerud, L. O., & Gottesfeld, S. (1991) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j100168a060 · Cited by 987

The water content dependence of electro-osmotic drag in proton-conducting polymer electrolytes

Zawodzinski, T. A., Davey, J., Valerio, J., & Gottesfeld, S. (1995) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0013-4686(94)00277-8 · Cited by 586

Modeling and Experimental Diagnostics in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Springer, T. E., Wilson, M. S., & Gottesfeld, S. (1993) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2221120 · Cited by 581

Water Uptake of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes from Liquid Water and Water Vapor

Hinatsu, J. T., Mizuhata, M., & Takenaka, H. (1994) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2054951 · Cited by 518

Diffusion of Water in Nafion 115 Membranes

Motupally, S., Becker, A. J., & Weidner, J. W. (2000) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1393879 · Cited by 478

Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes

Weber, A. Z., & Newman, J. (2004) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1639157 · Cited by 462

Transport in Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes

Weber, A. Z., & Newman, J. (2003) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.1580822 · Cited by 411

Electroosmotic drag in polymer electrolyte membranes: an electrophoretic NMR study

Ise, M., Kreuer, K. D., & Maier, J. (1999) · Solid State Ionics · doi:10.1016/s0167-2738(99)00178-2 · Cited by 235

Transient non-isothermal model of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Shah, A. A., Kim, G.-S., Sui, P. C., & Harvey, D. (2007) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.022 · Cited by 146

Correlation of In Situ and Ex Situ Measurements of Water Permeation Through Nafion NRE211 Proton Exchange Membranes

Adachi, M., Navessin, T., Xie, Z., Frisken, B., & Holdcroft, S. (2009) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.3116922 · Cited by 79

Recent Trends and Perspectives in Electrochemical Water Splitting with an Emphasis on Sulfide, Selenide, and Phosphide Catalysts of Fe, Co, and Ni: A Review

Anantharaj, S., Ede, S. R., Sakthikumar, K., Karthick, K., Mishra, S., & Kundu, S. (2016) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b02479 · Cited by 2,503

Materials, technological status, and fundamentals of PEM fuel cells – A review

Wang, Y., Ruiz Diaz, D. F., Chen, K. S., Wang, Z., & Adroher, X. C. (2020) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2019.06.005 · Cited by 1,419

Untitled work

(2016) · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.293 · Cited by 1,112

Hydrogen or batteries for grid storage? A net energy analysis

Pellow, M. A., Emmott, C. J. M., Barnhart, C. J., & Benson, S. M. (2015) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c4ee04041d · Cited by 450

Current understanding of chemical degradation mechanisms of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes and their mitigation strategies: a review

Zatoń, M., Rozière, J., & Jones, D. J. (2017) · Sustainable Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1039/c7se00038c · Cited by 435

Lifecycle cost assessment and carbon dioxide emissions of diesel natural gas, hybrid electric, fuel cell hybrid and electric transit buses

Lajunen, A., & Lipman, T. (2016) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.075 · Cited by 400

Low and non-platinum electrocatalysts for PEMFCs: Current status, challenges and prospects

Brouzgou, A., Song, S. Q., & Tsiakaras, P. (2012) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.08.031 · Cited by 380

Graphene oxide: An emerging electromaterial for energy storage and conversion

Tian, Y., Yu, Z., Cao, L., Zhang, X. L., Sun, C., & Wang, D.-W. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.006 · Cited by 240

Advanced biofuels to decarbonise European transport by 2030: markets, challenges, and policies that impact their successful market uptake

Panoutsou, C., Germer, S., Karka, P., Papadokostantakis, S., Kroyan, Y., Wojcieszyk, M., Maniatis, K., Marchand, P., & Landalv, I. (2021) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2021.100633 · Cited by 233

Research progress of catalyst layer and interlayer interface structures in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system

Chen, M., Zhao, C., Sun, F., Fan, J., Li, H., & Wang, H. (2020) · eTransportation · doi:10.1016/j.etran.2020.100075 · Cited by 212

A review of cell-scale multiphase flow modeling, including water management, in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Andersson, M., Beale, S. B., Espinoza, M., Wu, Z., & Lehnert, W. (2016) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.010 · Cited by 204

Nickel selenides as pre-catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction: A review

Anantharaj, S., & Noda, S. (2020) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.073 · Cited by 187

Impact of manufacturing processes on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance

Shahgaldi, S., Alaefour, I., & Li, X. (2018) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.086 · Cited by 138

Tailoring Hydrocarbon Polymers and All‐Hydrocarbon Composites for Circular Economy

Hees, T., Zhong, F., Stürzel, M., & Mülhaupt, R. (2019) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201800608 · Cited by 100

Interplay between Nitrogen Concentration, Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemical Performance of PdCoNi “Core–Shell” Carbon Nitride Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Negro, E., Vezzù, K., Bertasi, F., Schiavuta, P., Toniolo, L., Polizzi, S., & Di Noto, V. (2014) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.201402041 · Cited by 91

Multidimensional nanostructured membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

Wang, G., Zou, L., Huang, Q., Zou, Z., & Yang, H. (2019) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c8ta12382a · Cited by 81

Biogas-based fuels as renewable energy in the transport sector: an overview of the potential of using CBG, LBG and other vehicle fuels produced from biogas

Dahlgren, S. (2022) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2020.1821571 · Cited by 81

Dispersion-Solvent Control of Ionomer Aggregation in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Lee, J. H., Doo, G., Kwon, S. H., Choi, S., Kim, H.-T., & Lee, S. G. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28779-y · Cited by 74

Nafion phosphonic acid composite membranes for proton exchange membranes fuel cells

Teixeira, F. C., de Sá, A. I., Teixeira, A. P. S., & Rangel, C. M. (2019) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.05.078 · Cited by 70

Improved proton conduction of sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membrane by sulfonated covalent organic framework nanosheets

Yin, Z., Geng, H., Yang, P., Shi, B., Fan, C., Peng, Q., Wu, H., & Jiang, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.119 · Cited by 63

Direct observation of the dealloying process of a platinum–yttrium nanoparticle fuel cell cathode and its oxygenated species during the oxygen reduction reaction

Malacrida, P., Sanchez Casalongue, H. G., Masini, F., Kaya, S., Hernández-Fernández, P., Deiana, D., Ogasawara, H., Stephens, I. E. L., Nilsson, A., & Chorkendorff, I. (2015) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c5cp00283d · Cited by 62

Interplay between morphology and electrochemical performance of “core–shell” electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction based on a PtNix carbon nitride “shell” and a pyrolyzed polyketone nanoball “core”

Negro, E., Polizzi, S., Vezzù, K., Toniolo, L., Cavinato, G., & Di Noto, V. (2014) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.08.053 · Cited by 62

Great improvement in the performance and lifetime of a fuel cell using a highly dense, well-ordered, and cone-shaped Nafion array

Ning, F., Bai, C., Qin, J., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Chen, J., Wei, J., Lu, G., Wang, H., Li, Y., et al. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/c9ta13666e · Cited by 58

New modified Nafion-bisphosphonic acid composite membranes for enhanced proton conductivity and PEMFC performance

Teixeira, F. C., de Sá, A. I., Teixeira, A. P. S., Ortiz-Martínez, V. M., Ortiz, A., Ortiz, I., & Rangel, C. M. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.212 · Cited by 57

Oxygen transport in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on measured electrode pore structure and mass transport properties

Zhao, J., & Li, X. (2019) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.042 · Cited by 56

A highly durable fuel cell electrocatalyst based on double-polymer-coated carbon nanotubes

Berber, M. R., Hafez, I. H., Fujigaya, T., & Nakashima, N. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep16711 · Cited by 55

Impact of ionomer in the catalyst layers on proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance under different reactant flows and pressures

Shahgaldi, S., Alaefour, I., Zhao, J., & Li, X. (2018) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.04.076 · Cited by 52

Upgrading of Bio-Oil Model Compounds and Bio-Crude into Biofuel by Electrocatalysis: A Review

Chen, G., Liang, L., Li, N., Lu, X., Yan, B., & Cheng, Z. (2021) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.202002063 · Cited by 48

In-situ simulation of membrane fatigue in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Khorasany, R. M. H., Singh, Y., Sadeghi Alavijeh, A., Rajapakse, R. K. N. D., & Kjeang, E. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.173 · Cited by 49

Aqueous-Phase Synthesis of Sub 10 nm Pdcore@Ptshell Nanocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers as the Reductant and Capping Agent

Zhang, G., Shao, Z.-G., Lu, W., Xiao, H., Xie, F., Qin, X., Li, J., Liu, F., & Yi, B. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp401375b · Cited by 41

High-rate roll-to-roll stack and lamination of multilayer structured membrane electrode assembly

Chen, J., Liu, H., Huang, Y., & Yin, Z. (2016) · Journal of Manufacturing Processes · doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.06.022 · Cited by 41

Confinement of functionalized graphene oxide in sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning for polymer electrolyte membranes

Wu, Y., He, G., Wu, X., Yuan, Q., Gong, X., Zhen, D., & Sun, B. (2019) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.281 · Cited by 40

On the state and stability of fuel cell catalyst inks

Bapat, S., Giehl, C., Kohsakowski, S., Peinecke, V., Schäffler, M., & Segets, D. (2021) · Advanced Powder Technology · doi:10.1016/j.apt.2021.08.030 · Cited by 38

Improvement of Cell Performance in Low-Pt-Loading PEFC Cathode Catalyst Layers Prepared by the Electrospray Method

Takahashi, K., Kakinuma, K., & Uchida, M. (2016) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0611610jes · Cited by 34

A pseudo three-dimensional, two-phase, non-isothermal model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Rizvandi, O. B., & Yesilyurt, S. (2019) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.018 · Cited by 33

4D imaging of chemo-mechanical membrane degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells - Part 1: Understanding and evading edge failures

Chen, Y., Singh, Y., Ramani, D., Orfino, F. P., Dutta, M., & Kjeang, E. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230674 · Cited by 30

Controlling Ionomer Film Morphology through Altering Pt Catalyst Surface Properties for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Lee, J. H., Doo, G., Kwon, S. H., Kang, H., Choi, S., Yim, S.-D., Kim, H.-T., & Lee, S. G. (2020) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.0c00042 · Cited by 27

Enhanced proton conductivity of Nafion-azolebisphosphonate membranes for PEM fuel cells

Teixeira, F. C., de Sá, A. I., Teixeira, A. P. S., & Rangel, C. M. (2019) · New Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9nj03405f · Cited by 20

Highly purified CNTs: an exceedingly efficient catalyst support for PEM fuel cell

Gupta, C., Maheshwari, P. H., Sachdev, D., Sahu, A. K., & Dhakate, S. R. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c5ra28029j · Cited by 19

Etude et développement de plaques composites bipolaires pour piles à combustible

Gloaguen, F. (2026) · doi:10.70675/5252f9b3z99b6z4275za2ebz0e9df671d695