Cited by 210Gut microbiota and healthDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsSteroid Chemistry and Biochemistry

The human gut sterolbiome: bile acid-microbiome endocrine aspects and therapeutics

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Ridlon, Jason M., Bajaj, Jasmohan S.·2015·Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

Abstract

The human body is now viewed as a complex ecosystem that on a cellular and gene level is mainly prokaryotic. The mammalian liver synthesizes and secretes hydrophilic primary bile acids, some of which enter the colon during the enterohepatic circulation, and are converted into numerous hydrophobic metabolites which are capable of entering the portal circulation, returned to the liver, and in humans, accumulating in the biliary pool. Bile acids are hormones that regulate their own synthesis, transport, in addition to glucose and lipid homeostasis, and energy balance. The gut microbial community through their capacity to produce bile acid metabolites distinct from the liver can be thought of as an "endocrine organ" with potential to alter host physiology, perhaps to their own favor. We propose the term "sterolbiome" to describe the genetic potential of the gut microbiome to produce endocrine molecules from endogenous and exogenous steroids in the mammalian gut. The affinity of secondary bile acid metabolites to host nuclear receptors is described, the potential of secondary bile acids to promote tumors, and the potential of bile acids to serve as therapeutic agents are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.01.006

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  • Microbially derived secondary bile acids are hypothesized to be interkingdom signaling molecules due to their ability to influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota as well as host physiology.

    “Microbially derived secondary bile acids are hypothesized to be interkingdom signaling molecules due to their ability to influence the composition and function of the gut microbiota as well as host physiology (407, 408).”

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  1. [35]Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Neyman N, Altekruse SF, et al. editors. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2010, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD. Based on November 2012 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site; April 2013.

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Authors
Ridlon, J. M., & Bajaj, J. S.
Affiliations
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
Corresponding author
Bajaj, Jasmohan S.
Venue
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-03
Volume
5
Issue
2
Pages
99-105
ISSN
2211-3835 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2085847834
Cited by
210
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 2
FWCI
1.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK087913)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
Keywords
bile acids, gut microbiota, enterohepatic circulation, nuclear receptors, tumor promotion, glucose and lipid homeostasis, energy balance

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