New insights into bacterial bile resistance mechanisms: the role of bile salt hydrolase and its impact on human health

Bustos, Ana Y.; Font de Valdez, Graciela; Fadda, Silvina; Taranto, María P.

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.035

Cited by 232Gut microbiota and healthDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsBacterial Genetics and Biotechnology

New insights into bacterial bile resistance mechanisms: the role of bile salt hydrolase and its impact on human health

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Bustos, Ana Y., Font de Valdez, Graciela, Fadda, Silvina, Taranto, María P.·2018·Food Research International

DOI 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.035

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Abstract

Bile acids (BA), the major components of bile, are biological detergents that facilitate the emulsification and solubilization of dietary lipids and also display potent antimicrobial activity, the bacterial membranes being their main targets. Considering the complicated nature of the stress produced by bile and BA, the microorganism tolerance requires different defence mechanisms including the presence of efflux pumps, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzyme, the intrinsic capacity of cells to maintain intracellular homeostasis and modifications in the architecture and composition of the cell membrane. Besides, the expression of proteins involved in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, amino acid and nitrogenous base biosynthesis, and general stress response are commonly affected by the presence of bile. Among the microbial transformations, deconjugation of BA by BSH is the most important. Several studies indicate that BSH activity affects both the host physiology and the microbiota. In fact, it was strongly suggested that BSH could play an important role in the colonization and survival of bacteria in the gut. Also, recent work has shown that BSH and free BA participate in a variety of metabolic processes that include regulation of dietary lipid absorption, cholesterol metabolism, and energy and inflammation homeostasis. In this review we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the tolerance of bacteria to bile, with special emphasis on the contributions of studies applying an omic approach. Besides, the physiological and ecological role of BSH enzyme and its relevance to human health as well as the function of bile acid as metabolic regulator are also discussed.

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Deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract.
“The deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, modulates lipid metabolism, and shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling [6, 10, 11].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Section 5.5 (page unavailable) reports that BSH activity increased bile tolerance and gut colonization in particular bacteria, and suggests a role in intestinal survival and early colonization. It also says that some studies found no correlation between BSH activity and bile tolerance. The claim presents the benefit as a general, established effect of deconjugation rather than a strain-dependent possibility. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The presence of multiple bsh orthologs reflects strain-specific adaptations to the intestinal environment.
“BSH activity is widely distributed among gastrointestinal microbes, including various Lactobacillaceae species [5–8], where the presence of multiple bsh orthologs reflects strain-specific adaptations into the intestinal environment [5, 8–10].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Section 3 (page unavailable) says several strains have more than one, usually nonidentical, BSH homolog and links BSH presence generally to gut habitat. It does not establish that having multiple homologs reflects strain-specific adaptation to the intestine; it says the functions of the additional homologs remain unclear. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
BSs tolerance is largely attributed to BSH-mediated deconjugation of BSs, which enhances cell viability under gastrointestinal conditions.
“As previously demonstrated, BSs tolerance was largely attributed to BSH-mediated deconjugation of BSs, which enhances cell viability under gastrointestinal conditions [6, 10].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Section 5.5 (page unavailable) describes BSH-mediated deconjugation as a possible protection mechanism and reports lower survival of BSH-negative strains in the presence of bile acids. But it limits the proposed role to some bacteria, notes studies finding no correlation with bile tolerance, and says some gut microorganisms tolerate bile without BSH. It therefore does not support attributing bile-salt tolerance largely to this mechanism in general. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Deconjugation ability modulates lipid metabolism.
“The deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, modulates lipid metabolism, and shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling [6, 10, 11].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
Deconjugation ability shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling.
“The deconjugation ability enhances bacterial survival and colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, modulates lipid metabolism, and shapes the bile acid pool, ultimately influencing host-microbiome signaling [6, 10, 11].”
From Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity in the Food-Derived Strain Levilactobacillus brevis M3R3: Genomic and Functional Characterization (2026) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors: Bustos, A. Y., Font de Valdez, G., Fadda, S., & Taranto, M. P.
Affiliations: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
Corresponding author: Bustos, Ana Y.
ORCID: Bustos, Ana Y.
Fadda, Silvina
Taranto, María P.
Venue: Food Research International
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2018-10
Volume: 112
Pages: 250-262
ISSN: 0963-9969 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.035
OpenAlex: W2808975724
Cited by: 232
References: 160
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 10
FWCI: 1.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Food Research International (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Funders: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (PIP2015-530)
Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT2015-1705)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Keywords: bile salt hydrolase, bile acid resistance, bile acids, bacterial stress response, efflux pumps, bile acid deconjugation, gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, cholesterol metabolism, fat absorption, inflammation, omics approaches
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Amidohydrolases, Animals, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Bile Acids and Salts, Humans, Microbial Viability, Lipid Metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions

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New insights into bacterial bile resistance mechanisms: the role of bile salt hydrolase and its impact on human health

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