Cited by 386Barrier Structure and Function StudiesMultiple Sclerosis Research StudiesDrug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms

Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis

Ortiz, Genaro Gabriel, Pacheco-Moisés, Fermín Paul, Macías-Islas, Miguel Ángel, Flores-Alvarado, Luis Javier, Mireles-Ramírez, Mario A., González-Renovato, Erika Daniela, Hernández-Navarro, Vanessa Elizabeth, Sánchez-López, Angélica Lizeth +1 more·2014·Archives of Medical Research

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated with demyelination and axonal loss eventually leading to neurodegeneration. MS exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a complex organization of cerebral endothelial cells, pericytes and their basal lamina, which are surrounded and supported by astrocytes and perivascular macrophages. In pathological conditions, lymphocytes activated in the periphery infiltrate the central nervous system to trigger a local immune response that ultimately damages myelin and axons. Cytotoxic factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species accumulate and may contribute to myelin destruction. Dysregulation of the BBB and transendothelial migration of activated leukocytes are among the earliest cerebrovascular abnormalities seen in MS brains and parallel the release of inflammatory cytokines. In this review we establish the importance of the role of the BBB in MS. Improvements in our understanding of molecular mechanism of BBB functioning in physiological and pathological conditions could lead to improvement in the quality of life of MS patients.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.11.013

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  • Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease in which the myelin sheath surrounding axons is attacked by immune cells that enter the brain through a disrupted blood-brain barrier.

    “MSis an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease (184) in which the myelin sheath surrounding axons is attacked by immune cells, including leukocytes, T cells, B cells, and peripheral macrophages that enter the brain through a disrupted BBB (456).”

    From Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back (2019) · cites this paper as [456]

  • Disruption of the BBB due to other viral infections has already been proven to trigger long-term development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, anxiety and multiple sclerosis.

    “Moreover, disruption of the BBB due to other viral infections has already been proven to trigger long-term development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, anxiety and multiple sclerosis [125–127].”

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Authors
Ortiz, G. G., Pacheco-Moisés, F. P., Macías-Islas, M. Á., Flores-Alvarado, L. J., Mireles-Ramírez, M. A., González-Renovato, E. D., Hernández-Navarro, V. E., Sánchez-López, A. L., & Alatorre-Jiménez, M. A.
Affiliations
  • Mexican Social Security Institute (MX)
  • Universidad de Guadalajara (MX)
Venue
Archives of Medical Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-11
Volume
45
Issue
8
Pages
687-697
ISSN
  • 0066-6769 (ISSN-L)
  • 0188-4409
OpenAlex
W2001448765
Cited by
373
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11
FWCI
0.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Medical Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Keywords
multiple sclerosis, blood-brain barrier, demyelination, neuroinflammation, leukocyte transendothelial migration, brain endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, perivascular macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myelin destruction, axonal loss, neurodegeneration
MeSH terms
Astrocytes, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Adhesion, Humans, Inflammation, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Multiple Sclerosis, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Cells, Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration

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