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NF-κB/p65 antagonizes Nrf2-ARE pathway by depriving CBP from Nrf2 and facilitating recruitment of HDAC3 to MafK
Open accessAbstract
Constitutively activated NF-kappaB occurs in many inflammatory and tumor tissues. Does it interfere with anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor signaling pathway? Here, we report that NF-kappaB p65 subunit repressed the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway at transcriptional level. In the cells where NF-kappaB and Nrf2 were simultaneously activated, p65 unidirectionally antagonized the transcriptional activity of Nrf2. In the p65-overexpressing cells, the ARE-dependent expression of heme oxygenase-1 was strongly suppressed. However, p65 inhibited the ARE-driven gene transcription in a way that was independent of its own transcriptional activity. Two mechanisms were found to coordinate the p65-mediated repression of ARE: (1) p65 selectively deprives CREB binding protein (CBP) from Nrf2 by competitive interaction with the CH1-KIX domain of CBP, which results in inactivation of Nrf2. The inactivation depends on PKA catalytic subunit-mediated phosphorylation of p65 at S276. (2) p65 promotes recruitment of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), the corepressor, to ARE by facilitating the interaction of HDAC3 with either CBP or MafK, leading to local histone hypoacetylation. This investigation revealed the participation of NF-kappaB p65 in the negative regulation of Nrf2-ARE signaling, and might provide a new insight into a possible role of NF-kappaB in suppressing the expression of anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor genes.
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“In addition, decreased levels of Nrf2, a transcription factor negatively regulated by NF-κB (Liu et al., 2008) that is involved in antioxidants response mechanisms (Nair et al., 2008), have been reported in the brains of AD patients (Ramsey et al., 2007).”
From Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Monoterpenes (2022) · cites this paper as Liu et al., 2008
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Ferrer, B., Tinkov, A. A., Santamaria, A., Rocha, J. B., Skalny, A. V., Bowman, A. B., & Aschner, M. (2026) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-026-04898-1
Silencing without clearing: pharmacological modulation of the SASP in aging and disease
Fresser, L., Chrienová, Ž., Gebrt, J., Olekšák, P., Kuča, K., & Nepovimová, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1911529
“Mechanistically, resveratrol inhibits NF-κ B signaling (Lilja et al., 2020) and activates Nrf2, a negative regulator of NF-κ B, reinforcing anti-inflammatory effects (Liu et al., 2008).”
Keap1 Deficiency Promotes Macrophage M2 Polarization and Protects β Cells
Huang, B., Mou, L., Huang, X., Su, S., Hong, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/jdr/6786708
“On the one hand, Nrf2 activation may attenuate upstream NF-κ B–activating signals by scavenging ROS [29, 30]; on the other, p65 may competitively bind CBP/ p300 or interact with Keap1 to repress Nrf2 activity [31, 32].”
Kong, E., Sánchez‐Taltavull, D., Rizzo, C. O., Suspitsyna, A., Stroka, D., & Polacek, N. (2026) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2026.104439
“While the direct regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated, our observations that vtRNA1-1 plays a key role in attenuating cellular ROS accumulation by modulating pivotal transcription factors, NF-κ B and NRF2, align with their well-known antagonistic crosstalk [58,59].”
NRF2: sensing stress, shaping immunity - keeping inflammation quiet and antigens out of sight
Benatzy, Y., & Brüne, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1974746
“Moreover, these data indicate that in contrast to Liu et al. (2008), who reported that p65 competes with NRF2 for CBP binding and promotes histone deacetylase 3-dependent hypoacetylation at ARE-containing gene loci, repression of pro-inflammatory genes can occur independently of p65-mediated CBP…”
Campbell, S., O’Reilly, R., Ahmed, O., McElheron, M., Chapman, W. C., & O’Farrelly, C. (2026) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.10.038
Geng, S., Guo, H., Tian, S., Miao, Q., Diao, Y., & Wang, X. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14102397
NRF2 in hypertrophic scarring: A stage-dependent redox hub poised between resolution and persistence
Thangboonjit, W., Pluempreecha, M., Soingam, T., & Panich, U. (2026) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2026.104460
The Origins of Allergy: An Outside‐In, Bioenergetic Hypothesis
Smith, P. K., West, N. P., Preez, S. D., Sampson, H. A., Hellings, P. W., Price, D. B., O’Mahony, L., Venter, C., Akdiş, C. A., & Yosipovitch, G. (2026) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.70532
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, G.-H., Qu, J., & Shen, X.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Xun
- Venue
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 1783
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 713-727
- ISSN
- 0167-4889 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113024198
- Cited by
- 697
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1904 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (30330250, 30570462)
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (E-04010)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- NF-κB p65, Nrf2, antioxidant response element, CBP, HDAC3, MafK, heme oxygenase-1, transcriptional repression, histone deacetylation, histone hypoacetylation, PKA phosphorylation, corepressor recruitment, anti-inflammatory signaling
- MeSH terms
- Histone Deacetylase 3, Antioxidants, Cell Line, Gene Expression Regulation, Histone Deacetylases, Humans, Transcription, Genetic, Trans-Activators, NF-kappa B, Response Elements, CREB-Binding Protein, MafK Transcription Factor, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Transcription Factor RelA
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