Maternal antibrain antibodies in autism
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of prenatal onset that is behaviorally defined. There is increasing evidence for systemic and neuroimmune mechanisms in children with autism. Although genetic factors are important, atypical prenatal maternal immune responses may also be linked to the pathogenesis of autism. We tested serum reactivity in 11 mothers and their autistic children, maternal controls, and several groups of control children, to prenatal, postnatal, and adult rat brain proteins, by immunoblotting. Similar patterns of reactivity to prenatal (gestational day 18), but not postnatal (day 8) or adult rat brain proteins were identified in autistic children, their mothers, and children with other neurodevelopmental disorders, and differed from mothers of normal children, normal siblings of children with autism and normal child controls. Specific patterns of antibody reactivity were present in sera from the autism mothers, from 2 to 18 years after the birth of their affected children and were unrelated to birth order. Immunoblotting using specific antigens for myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) suggests that these proteins were not targets of the maternal antibodies. The identification of specific serum antibodies in mothers of children with autism that recognize prenatally expressed brain antigens suggests that these autoantibodies could cross the placenta and alter fetal brain development.
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Zimmerman et al. found serum reactivity to prenatal, postnatal, and adult rat brain proteins in 11 mothers of autistic children and none in control mothers; the children's ages of 2 to 18 years indicated that maternal autoantibodies may persist for years.
“A subsequent study used samples taken from 11 mothers with autistic children to strengthen these results, finding serum reactivity in those mothers to prenatal, postnatal, and adult rat brain proteins while finding none in control mothers”
From The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Zimmerman et al, 2007
Children with autism showed positive serum anti-brain reactivity against prenatal rat proteins by western blot, with banding patterns different from those of non-autistic siblings and other controls.
“A similar result found that children with autism showed positive serum anti-brain reactivity against prenatal rat proteins by western blot, with a different set of banding patterns relative to their non-autistic siblings and other controls (Zimmerman et al, 2007).”
From The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Zimmerman et al, 2007
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“Various abnormal systemic immune functions have been described in children with autism (reviewed by Zimmerman, 2005) and recently neuroinflammation was described in postmortem brain tissue (Vargas et al., 2005).”
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- Authors
- Zimmerman, A. W., Connors, S. L., Matteson, K. J., Lee, L.-C., Singer, H. S., Castaneda, J. A., & Pearce, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- University of Tennessee Medical Center (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Rochester (US)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-03
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 351-357
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086386058
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 5.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (T32 ES07026-27, T32ES007026)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, maternal antibodies, anti-brain antibodies, autoimmunity, neuroimmune mechanisms, placental transfer, fetal brain development, myelin basic protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurodevelopmental disorders, maternal serum
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antibody Formation, Autistic Disorder, Autoantibodies, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Pregnancy, Case-Control Studies
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