Substantial reduction of naïve and regulatory T cells following traumatic stress
Open accessAbstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an enhanced susceptibility to various somatic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms linking traumatic stress to subsequent physical health problems have remained unclear. This study investigated peripheral T lymphocyte differentiation subsets in 19 individuals with war and torture related PTSD compared to 27 non-PTSD controls (n=14 trauma-exposed controls; n=13 non-exposed controls). Peripheral T cell subpopulations were classified by their characteristic expression of the lineage markers CD45RA and CCR7 into: naïve (CD45RA(+) CCR7(+)), central memory (T(CM): CD45RA(-) CCR7(+)) and effector memory (T(EM): CD45RA(-) CCR7(-) and T(EMRA): CD45RA(-) CCR7(-)) cells. Furthermore, we analyzed regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+)) and ex vivo proliferation responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Results show that the proportion of naïve CD8(+) T lymphocytes was reduced by 32% (p=0.01), whereas the proportions of CD3(+) central (p=0.02) and effector (p=0.01) memory T lymphocytes were significantly enhanced (+22% and +34%, respectively) in PTSD patients compared to non-PTSD individuals. To a smaller extent, this effect was also observed in trauma-exposed non-PTSD individuals, indicating a cumulative effect of traumatic stress on T cell distribution. Moreover, PTSD patients displayed a 48% reduction in the proportion of regulatory T cells (p<0.001). Functionally, these alterations were accompanied by a significantly enhanced (+34%) ex vivo proliferation of anti-CD3 stimulated T cells (p=0.05). The profoundly altered composition of the peripheral T cell compartment might cause a state of compromised immune responsiveness, which may explain why PTSD patients show an increased susceptibility to infections, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Individuals with PTSD have reduced numbers of naive CD8(+) T lymphocytes and increases in the proportions of CD3(+) central and effector memory T lymphocytes compared with individuals without PTSD.
“Individuals with PTSD also have reduced numbers of naive CD8(+) T lymphocytes and increases in the proportions of CD3(+) central and effector memory T lymphocytes compared with individuals without PTSD (Sommershof et al, 2009).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Sommershof et al, 2009
Section 3.1 reports a lower proportion of naïve CD8+ T cells and higher proportions of CD3+ central and effector memory T cells in the PTSD group. The paper reports percentages for these subsets, not absolute numbers of naïve CD8+ cells, so the claim's wording about reduced numbers is not directly supported. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Sommershof, A., Aichinger, H., Engler, H., Adenauer, H., Catani, C., Boneberg, E.-M., Elbert, T., Groettrup, M., & Kolassa, I.-T.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1117-1124
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1982301384
- Semantic Scholar
- 23eda2aa2cfa505a1b93574b87c419c3c31454ba
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR751)
- European Refugee Fund
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic stress, T cell differentiation, naive T cells, regulatory T cells, central memory T cells, effector memory T cells, CD45RA, CCR7, T cell proliferation, immune dysfunction, trauma-exposed individuals
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Cell Count, Combat Disorders, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Immunologic Memory, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, T-Lymphocytes, Cell Lineage, Cell Proliferation
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