Relevance of chronic stress and the two faces of microglia in Parkinson's disease
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This review is aimed to highlight the importance of stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) in modulating the inflammatory response of brain microglia and hence its potential involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD). The role of inflammation in PD has been reviewed extensively in the literature and it is supposed to play a key role in the course of the disease. Historically, GCs have been strongly associated as anti-inflammatory hormones. However, accumulating evidence from the peripheral and central nervous system have clearly revealed that, under specific conditions, GCs may promote brain inflammation including pro-inflammatory activation of microglia. We have summarized relevant data linking PD, neuroinflamamation and chronic stress. The timing and duration of stress response may be critical for delineating an immune response in the brain thus probably explain the dual role of GCs and/or chronic stress in different animal models of PD.
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Neuromelanin can activate microglial cells, inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD.
“In addition, the neuromelanin (dark, complex endogenous polymer derived from DA) can activate microglial cells, inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD (Zecca et al., 2008; Herrera et al., 2015).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Herrera et al., 2015
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Microglia in physiology and disease
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Microglia–blood vessel interactions: a double-edged sword in brain pathologies
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Neuroinflammation in Multiple System Atrophy: Response to and Cause of α-Synuclein Aggregation
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- Authors
- Herrera, A. J., Espinosa-Oliva, A. M., Carrillo-Jiménez, A., Oliva-Martín, M. J., García-Revilla, J., García-Quintanilla, A., de Pablos, R. M., & Venero, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 312-312
- ISSN
- 1662-5102 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4536370
- OpenAlex
- W1876851010
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 187
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- FWCI
- 0.69
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- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
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- cc-by
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- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
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- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Deposito de Investigacion Universidad de Sevilla (University of Seville) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2012-39029, SAF2012)
- Junta de Andalucía (P10-CTS-6494)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, chronic stress, glucocorticoids, microglia, neuroinflammation, Parkinson's disease model
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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