Effects of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on human sleep, sleep-associated memory consolidation, and blood monocytes
Open accessAbstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) are major players in the interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system. Various animal studies report a sleep-promoting effect of IL-1 leading to enhanced slow wave sleep (SWS). Moreover, this cytokine was shown to affect hippocampus-dependent memory. However, the role of IL-1 in human sleep and memory is not yet understood. We administered the synthetic IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (IL-1ra) in healthy humans (100mg, subcutaneously, before sleep; n=16) to investigate the role of IL-1 signaling in sleep regulation and sleep-dependent declarative memory consolidation. Inasmuch monocytes have been considered a model for central nervous microglia, we monitored cytokine production in classical and non-classical blood monocytes to gain clues about how central nervous effects of IL-1ra are conveyed. Contrary to our expectation, IL-1ra increased EEG slow wave activity during SWS and non-rapid eye movement (NonREM) sleep, indicating a deepening of sleep, while sleep-associated memory consolidation remained unchanged. Moreover, IL-1ra slightly increased prolactin and reduced cortisol levels during sleep. Production of IL-1 by classical monocytes was diminished after IL-1ra. The discrepancy to findings in animal studies might reflect species differences and underlines the importance of studying cytokine effects in humans.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Translational studies in healthy human volunteers have not produced results similar to those from preclinical animal studies.
“translational studies of healthy human volunteers have not yielded results similar to those obtained from preclinical animal studies.”
From Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity (2017) · cites this paper as Schmidt et al, 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
Wolpert, E. (1969) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740140118016 · Cited by 9,814 · see citing works
Of Mice and Not Men: Differences between Mouse and Human Immunology
Mestas, J., & Hughes, C. C. W. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.5.2731 · Cited by 3,822 · see citing works
Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2762 · Cited by 3,760 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunoregulatory Feedback Between Interleukin-1 and Glucocorticoid Hormones
Besedovsky, H., del Rey, A., Sorkin, E., & Dinarello, C. A. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3014662 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Sniffing neuropeptides: A transnasal approach to the human brain
Born, J., Lange, T., Kern, W., McGregor, G. P., Bickel, U., & Fehm, H. L. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0602-849 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Self-citationBesedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J. (2012) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Self-citationHow (and why) the immune system makes us sleep
Imeri, L., & Opp, M. R. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2576 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Release of Multiple Hormones by a Direct Action of Interleukin-1 on Pituitary Cells
Bernton, E. W., Beach, J. E., Holaday, J. W., Smallridge, R. C., & Fein, H. G. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2821620 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
Arend, W. P. (1993) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60535-0 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
A manual of Standardized Terminology
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Sleep as a fundamental property of neuronal assemblies
Krueger, J. M., Rector, D. M., Roy, S., Van Dongen, H. P. A., Belenky, G., & Panksepp, J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2521 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
The pharmacokinetics of Norpace.
Karim, A. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Dinarello, C. A., Ikejima, T., Warner, S. J. C., Orencole, S. F., Lonnemann, G., Cannon, J. G., & Libby, P. (1987) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.139.6.1902 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Circadian rhythms, sleep, and the menstrual cycle
Baker, F. C., & Driver, H. S. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.09.011 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
A neuromodulatory role of interleukin-1β in the hippocampus
Schneider, H., Pitossi, F., Balschun, D., Wagner, A., del Rey, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7778 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
A dual role for interleukin-1 in hippocampal-dependent memory processes
Goshen, I., Kreisel, T., Ounallah-Saad, H., Renbaum, P., Zalzstein, Y., Ben‐Hur, T., Levy‐Lahad, E., & Yirmiya, R. (2007) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.09.004 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, E., Lin, H. ‐., Bixler, E. O., Trakada, G., & Chrousos, G. P. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031929 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Uehara, A., Gottschall, P. E., Dahl, R. R., & Arimura, A. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-121-4-1580 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
The effects of 40 hours of total sleep deprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults
Frey, D. J., Fleshner, M., & Wright, K. P. (2007) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.04.003 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Biochemical regulation of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep
Krueger, J. M. (2003) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/1033 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Microglia and Memory: Modulation by Early-Life Infection
Williamson, L. L., Sholar, P. W., Mistry, R. S., Smith, S. H., & Bilbo, S. D. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3688-11.2011 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Cytokines ‐ killers in the brain?
Rothwell, N. J. (1999) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.003af.x · Cited by 252 · see citing works
García, J. H., Liu, K. F., & Relton, J. K. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Microglial repopulation model reveals a robust homeostatic process for replacing CNS myeloid cells
Varvel, N. H., Grathwohl, S. A., Baumann, F., Liebig, C., Bosch, A., Brawek, B., Thal, D. R., Charo, I. F., Heppner, F. L., Aguzzi, A., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1210150109 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Microbial Products and Cytokines in Sleep and Fever Regulation
Krueger, J. M., & Majde, J. A. (1994) · Critical Reviews™ in Immunology · doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v14.i3-4.70 · Cited by 213 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 1982), the idea has been around for a long time that pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released in response to microbial challenge are involved in the homeostatic regulation of sleep, especially of slow wave sleep (SWS) (Krueger and Majde, 1994; Krueger et al., 1995).”
BackgroundGruber-Schoffnegger, D., Drdla-Schutting, R., Hönigsperger, C., Wunderbaldinger, G., Gassner, M., & Sandkühler, J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5087-12.2013 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Relton, J. K., Martin, D. A., Thompson, R. C., & Russell, D. A. (1996) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0059 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The composition of sleep-promoting factor isolated from human urine.
Krueger, J. M., Pappenheimer, J. R., & Karnovsky, M. L. (1982) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68088-9 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
del Rey, A., Balschun, D., Wetzel, W., Randolf, A., & Besedovsky, H. O. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.05.011 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Blood-borne interleukin-1 receptor antagonist crosses the blood-brain barrier
GUTIERREZ, E., Banks, W. A., & Kastin, A. J. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)90005-1 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Jan Born, A., Späth‐Schwalbe, E., SCHWAKENHOFER, H., Kern, W., & Fehm, H. L. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-68-5-904 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Number and Function of Circulating Human Antigen Presenting Cells Regulated by Sleep
Dimitrov, S., Lange, T., Nohroudi, K., & Born, J. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.4.401 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of interleukin-1β on sleep are mediated by the type I receptor
Fang, J., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.3.r655 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Interleukin 1-receptor antagonist blocks interleukin 1-induced sleep and fever
Opp, M. R., & Krueger, J. M. (1991) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.2.r453 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Evidence for Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Changes in the Cerebral Response to Sleep Loss
Wisor, J. P., Schmidt, M. A., & Clegern, W. C. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.3.261 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Diurnal variations of interleukin-1β mRNA and β-actin mRNA in rat brain
Taishi, P., Bredow, S., Guha‐Thakurta, N., Obál, F., & Krueger, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00002-7 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Burger, D., Molnarfi, N., Weber, M. S., Brandt, K. J., Benkhoucha, M., Gruaz, L., Chofflon, M., Zamvil, S. S., & Lalive, P. H. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812183106 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Menachem-Zidon, O. B., Avital, A., Menahem, Y. B., Goshen, I., Kreisel, T., Shmueli, E., Segal, M., Hur, T. B., & Yirmiya, R. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Krueger, J. M., Rector, D. M., & Churchill, L. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2007.03.003 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Galea, J. P., Ogungbenro, K., Hulme, S., Greenhalgh, A. D., Aarons, L. J., Scarth, S., Hutchinson, P. J., Grainger, S., King, A. T., Hopkins, S. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.103 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Clark, S., McMahon, C. J., Gueorguieva, I., Rowland, M., Scarth, S., Georgiou, R. F., Tyrrell, P. J., Hopkins, S. J., & Rothwell, N. J. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600537 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy blocks the sleepand fever-promoting effects of interleukin-1β
Hansen, M. K., & Krueger, J. M. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.4.r1246 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Sleep and Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-1-Like Activity in the Cat
Lue, F. A., Bail, M., Jephthah-Ochola, J., Carayanniotis, K., Gorczynski, R. M., & Moldofsky, H. (1988) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207458808991595 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Raison, C. L., Rye, D. B., Woolwine, B. J., Vogt, G. J., Bautista, B. M., Spivey, J. R., & Miller, A. H. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.019 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Anti-interleukin-1 beta reduces sleep and sleep rebound after sleep deprivation in rats
Opp, M. R., & Krueger, J. M. (1994) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.3.r688 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Slow Wave Sleep Drives Inhibition of Pituitary‐AdrenalSecretion in Humans
Bierwolf, C., Struve, K., Marshall, L., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L. (1997) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00605.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Krueger, J. M., Takahashi, S., Kapás, L., Bredow, S., Roky, R., Fang, J., Floyd, R. A., Renegar, K. B., Guha‐Thakurta, N., Novitsky, S. V., et al. (1995) · Advances in Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0960-5428(95)00007-o · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Transport of interleukin‐1 across cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells
Skinner, R., Gibson, R. M., Rothwell, N. J., Pinteaux, E., & Penny, J. C. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00129.x · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 is involved in responses to sleep deprivation in the rabbit
Opp, M. R., & Krueger, J. M. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91764-7 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Spiegel, K., Luthringer, R., FOLLENIUS, M., Schaltenbrand, N., Macher, J. P., Muzet, A. G., & BRANDENBERGER, G. (1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.7.543 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
IL-1/IL-1ra balance in the brain revisited – Evidence from transgenic mouse models
Spulber, S. D., Bartfai, T., & Schultzberg, M. (2009) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.02.015 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
IL-1Ra and its Delivery Strategies: Inserting the Association in Perspective
Akash, M. S. H., Rehman, K., & Chen, S. (2013) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-013-1118-0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor attenuates physiological sleep in rabbits
Takahashi, S., Kapás, L., Seyer, J. M., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1996) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199601310-00063 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The effect of interleukin-1 blockade on fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis—a pilot study
Omdal, R., & Gunnarsson, R. (2004) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-004-0463-z · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Characterization of human monocyte‐derived microglia‐like cells
Leone, C., Le Pavec, G., Même, W., Porcheray, F., Samah, B., Dormont, D., & Gras, G. (2006) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20372 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Experimental Immunomodulation, Sleep, and Sleepiness in Humans
Pollmächer, T., Schuld, A., Kraus, T., Haack, M., Hinze‐Selch, D., & Mullington, J. M. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05413.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Anthony, I., Ramage, S., Carnie, F. W., Peter Simmonds, K., & Bell, J. E. (2005) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2005.00648.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Takahashi, S., Kapás, L., Fang, J., Seyer, J. M., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.1.r101 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Time of day differences in IL1β and TNFα mRNA levels in specific regions of the rat brain
Cearley, C., Churchill, L., & Krueger, J. M. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.07.019 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonism Normalizes Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Alcohol Dependence
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Valladares, E. M., Breen, E. C., & Ehlers, C. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.004 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in stress-induced activation of limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis
Gądek-Michalska, A., & Bugajski, J. (2010) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70359-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
INTERFERON-α ACUTELY IMPAIRS SLEEP IN HEALTHY HUMANS
Späth-Schwalbe, E., Lange, T., Perras, B., Lorenz Fehm, H., & Born, J. (2000) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.1999.0587 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationSelkirk, G. A., McLellan, T. M., Wright, H. E., & Rhind, S. G. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90683.2008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cawthorne, C., Prenant, C., Smigova, A., Julyan, P. J., Maroy, R., Herholz, K., Rothwell, N. J., & Boutin, H. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01068.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Opposite effects of cortisol on consolidation of temporal sequence memory during waking and sleep
Wilhelm, I., Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00093 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Groch, S., Wilhelm, I., Lange, T., & Born, J. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.006 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationFeld, G. B., Besedovsky, L., Kaida, K., Münte, T. F., & Jan Born, A. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00629 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibition of brain interleukin-1 attenuates sleep rebound after sleep deprivation in rabbits
Takahashi, S., Fang, J., Kapás, L., Wang, Y., & Krueger, J. M. (1997) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.2.r677 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Is Reduced in Prolactin-Deficient Mice
Obál, F., García‐García, F., Kacsoh, B. Z., Taishi, P., Bohnet, S. G., Horseman, N. D., & Krueger, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2572-05.2005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Effects of antibiotics, minocycline and ampicillin, on human sleep
Nonaka, K., Nakazawa, Y., & Kotorii, T. (1983) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90101-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Conti, P., Feliciani, C., Barbacane, R. C., Panara, M. R., Reale, M., Placido, F. C., Sauder, D. N., Dempsey, R. A., & Amerio, P. (1992) · PubMed Central · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nishihara, K., Horiuchi, S., Eto, H., Uchida, S., & Honda, M. (2004) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.021 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of prolactin on sleep in cyclic rats
Zhang, S., Kimura, M., & Inoué, S. (1999) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00504.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chang, D.-M., CHANG, S., Yeh, M., & LAI, J. (2004) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2004.02.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zamarrón, C., Maceiras, F., González‐Barcala, F. J., & Gómez-Reino, J. J. (2003) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2003.09.004 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tanaka, T., Sakamoto, T., Mizuno, K., Umesaki, N., & Ogita, S. (2000) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000053187 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
6 of the 83 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health
Irwin, M. R. (2019) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0190-z · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Sleep health: Reciprocal regulation of sleep and innate immunity
Irwin, M. R., & Opp, M. R. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.148 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Slow-wave sleep: From the cell to the clinic
Léger, D., Debellemanière, E., Rabat, A., Bayon, V., Benchenane, K., & Chennaoui, M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.01.008 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer-Induced Sleep Disruption
Walker, W. H., II, & Borniger, J. C. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20112780 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The role of exercise-induced peripheral factors in sleep regulation
Tan, X. W., van Egmond, L. T., Cedernaes, J., & Benedict, C. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101096 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Feld, G. B., Besedovsky, L., Kaida, K., Münte, T. F., & Jan Born, A. (2014) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00629 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep’s contribution to memory formation
Lutz, N. D., Harkotte, M., & Jan Born, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00054.2024 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gao, W., Yan, Z., Zhou, H., Xie, Y., Wang, H., Yang, J., Yu, J., Ni, C., Liu, P., Xie, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03573-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Inhibition of IL-1beta improves Glycaemia in a Mouse Model for Gestational Diabetes
Schulze, F., Wehner, J., Kratschmar, D. V., Makshana, V., Meier, D. T., Häuselmann, S. P., Dalmas, É., Thienel, C., Dror, E., Wiedemann, S. J., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59701-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Oyanedel, C. N., Kelemen, E., Scheller, J., Jan Born, A., & Rose‐John, S. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Short-term sleep deprivation in mice induces B cell migration to the brain compartment
Korin, B., Avraham, S., Azulay‐Debby, H., Farfara, D., Hakim, F., & Rolls, A. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz222 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Boeselt, T., Koczulla, A. R., Nell, C., Beutel, B., Guenter, K., Cassel, W., Hildebrandt, O., Koehler, U., & Kroenig, J. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.101434 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Straub, R. H., Detert, J., Dziurla, R., Fietze, I., Loeschmann, P.-A., Burmester, G. R., & Buttgereit, F. (2017) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000475714 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Irwin, M. R. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.04.018 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ahnaou, A., & Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.039 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vapor deposition of polyionic nanocoatings for reduction of microglia adhesion
Zhi, B., Song, Q., & Mao, Y. (2018) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c7ra12728f · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chowdhury, T., Allen, M. F., Thorn, T. L., He, Y., & Hewett, S. J. (2018) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox7080100 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Aghelan, Z., Pashaee, S., Abtahi, S. H., Karima, S., Khazaie, H., Ezati, M., & Khodarahmi, R. (2023) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-023-10078-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lin, Y., Xu, S., Peng, Y., Li, S., Huang, X., & Chen, L. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13920 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Besedovsky, L., Schmidt, E.-M., Linz, B., Diekelmann, S., Lange, T., & Jan Born, A. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116658991 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Dysfunction and its Association to Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Updated Review
Orb, Q., Orlandi, R. R., & Alt, J. A. (2017) · Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/lio2.60 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
miR-155 deletion modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced sleep in female mice
Surbhi, Borniger, J. C., Russart, K. L. G., Zhang, N., Magalang, U. J., & Nelson, R. J. (2019) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2018.1525617 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
From macro to micro: slow-wave sleep and its pivotal health implications
Ishii, T., Taweesedt, P. T., Chick, C. F., O'Hara, R. M., & Kawai, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2024.1322995 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mohammed, H. S., & Khadrawy, Y. A. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119303 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
IL-1b and TNF-a-driven sleep alterations: Neuroimmune mechanisms and behavioral implications
Zhang, N., Park, K., Chung, S., & Yim, Y. S. (2025) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2025.101139 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nachón-García, F. J., Hurtado‐Alvarado, G., Acosta-Hernández, M. E., Peña-Escudero, C., Priego-Fernández, S., Álvarez-Herrera, S., Becerril‐Villanueva, E., Pérez‐Sánchez, G., Pavón, L., & García‐García, F. (2018) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.04.011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Udalov, Y. D., Belova, L. A., MASHIN, V. V., Danilova, L. A., & Kuvayskaya, A. A. (2021) · Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal · doi:10.34014/2227-1848-2021-4-73-88 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Microbial Translocation Disorders: Assigning an Etiology to Idiopathic Illnesses
Sfera, A., Hazan, S., Klein, C. A., del Campo, C. M. Z.-M., Sasannia, S., Anton, J. J., Rahman, L., Andronescu, C. V., Sfera, D. O., Kozlakidis, Z., et al. (2023) · Applied Microbiology · doi:10.3390/applmicrobiol3010015 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jha, P. K., Valekunja, U. K., & Reddy, A. B. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-10783-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The role of sleep in multiple sclerosis
Cordone, S., Alfonsi, V., & Gennaro, L. D. (2025) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103902 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Identification of salivary microRNA profiles in male mouse model of chronic sleep disorder
Yoshida, Y., Yajima, Y., Fujikura, Y., Zhuang, H., Higo-Yamamoto, S., Toyoda, A., & Oishi, K. (2022) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2022.2156783 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Guo, H., Wang, H., Xiao, F., & Xie, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-13438-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A comprehensive model for the converging biologies that underpin the homeostatic sleep signal.
Fernandez, F.-X., & Grandner, M. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106723 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sleep and Cytokines: A Bidirectional Dialogue Involving Rest and Immunity
Cammisa, I., Zona, M., Petracca, G., Rulli, E., Veredice, C., Cipolla, C., & Rigante, D. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13040535 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Physiological role of the IL-1 family cytokines and receptors in the human brain
Ge, S., Lin, J., Lin, W., Liu, T., Qiao, H., Yang, W., Zhu, L., Babarinde, I. A., Kang, Z., Chu, J., et al. (2026) · The Innovation Life · doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100204 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kunath, P., Hahne, M., Mursell, M., Strehl, C., Burmester, G. R., Buttgereit, F., & Gaber, T. (2015) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4416
Sleep variability and cardiovascular health in undergraduate college students
Katulka, E. K. (2024) · Library, Museums and Press - UDSpace (University of Delaware) · doi:10.58088/83me-az82
Individual Heterogeneity in the Relations Between Sleep, Inflammation, and Somatic Symptoms
Jonker, I., Visschedijk, S., Rosmalen, J. G. M., Schenk, H., & van Ockenburg, S. L. (2023) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001175
Hypothalamic and physiological regulation of sleep in cancer
Boyd, L., & Borniger, J. C. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-28938-5.00007-6
Research Progress on the Correlation between Sleep Problems and Children’s Health
龚, 波. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1641400
- Authors
- Schmidt, E.-M., Linz, B., Diekelmann, S., Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Born, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- University of Lübeck (DE)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 178-185
- ISSN
- 0889-1591 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039878624
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Immunity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 654)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, IL-1β, sleep regulation, slow-wave sleep, sleep-dependent memory consolidation, declarative memory, blood monocytes, classical monocytes, non-classical monocytes, prolactin, cortisol, cytokine production, neuroendocrine-immune interaction, species differences
- MeSH terms
- Memory Consolidation, Adolescent, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Monocytes, Prolactin, Sleep, Human Growth Hormone, Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
