Cited by 59Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineOrgan and Tissue Transplantation ResearchTransplantation: Methods and Outcomes

The effect of decellularization of tracheal allografts on leukocyte infiltration and of recellularization on regulatory T cell recruitment

Haykal, Siba, Zhou, Yingzhe, Marcus, Paula, Salna, Michael, Machuca, Tiago, Hofer, Stefan O.P., Waddell, Thomas K.·2013·Biomaterials

Abstract

Tracheal transplantation without immunosuppressive therapy has been accomplished with a tissue-engineering approach using decellularized biological scaffolds in combination with recipient progenitor cells. The mechanisms of immune response directed towards these tracheal allografts have not been fully determined. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of these grafts at the protein level, and functionally, in vitro and in vivo in a large animal model. Long-segment circumferential tracheal allografts were decellularized using two different protocols and recellularized using recipient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and tracheal epithelial progenitor cells (TEC). Residual MHCI and MHCII immunostaining was found surrounding the submucosal glands despite cyclical decellularization. In an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay, CD4+ T cells continued to proliferate on decellularized pieces and this proliferation was inhibited by co-culture with autologous MSC. Allografts were heterotopically transplanted under a muscle flap in the neck of the recipients and decellularization was found to delay leukocyte infiltration but resulted in eventual cartilage degradation. Recellularization prevented this infiltration up to 3 weeks post-transplantation and allowed for preservation of the cartilage. The immune cells found within these grafts included a significant number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β1, involved in proliferation, differentiation and function of regulatory T cells was found in these grafts. These results indicate that the immunological modification induced by recellularized tracheal scaffolds is an active process involving the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, rather than simply the removal of donor-derived antigenic components.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.044

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Authors
Haykal, S., Zhou, Y., Marcus, P., Salna, M., Machuca, T., Hofer, S. O. P., & Waddell, T. K.
Affiliations
  • University Health Network (CA)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author
Waddell, Thomas K.
Venue
Biomaterials
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-07
Volume
34
Issue
23
Pages
5821-5832
ISSN
0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2083881520
Cited by
59
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6
FWCI
4.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
Keywords
tracheal transplantation, decellularization, recellularization, tracheal allograft, leukocyte infiltration, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells, immunogenicity, MHC expression, CD4+ T cell proliferation, cartilage degeneration, anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, TGF-β1, immunosuppression
MeSH terms
Animals, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Epithelial Cells, Immunohistochemistry, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Phenotype, Trachea, Transplantation, Homologous, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Transplantation, Heterotopic, Cytokines, Coculture Techniques, Sus scrofa, Cell Proliferation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Allografts

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