The effect of decellularization of tracheal allografts on leukocyte infiltration and of recellularization on regulatory T cell recruitment
Abstract
Tracheal transplantation without immunosuppressive therapy has been accomplished with a tissue-engineering approach using decellularized biological scaffolds in combination with recipient progenitor cells. The mechanisms of immune response directed towards these tracheal allografts have not been fully determined. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of these grafts at the protein level, and functionally, in vitro and in vivo in a large animal model. Long-segment circumferential tracheal allografts were decellularized using two different protocols and recellularized using recipient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and tracheal epithelial progenitor cells (TEC). Residual MHCI and MHCII immunostaining was found surrounding the submucosal glands despite cyclical decellularization. In an in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay, CD4+ T cells continued to proliferate on decellularized pieces and this proliferation was inhibited by co-culture with autologous MSC. Allografts were heterotopically transplanted under a muscle flap in the neck of the recipients and decellularization was found to delay leukocyte infiltration but resulted in eventual cartilage degradation. Recellularization prevented this infiltration up to 3 weeks post-transplantation and allowed for preservation of the cartilage. The immune cells found within these grafts included a significant number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β1, involved in proliferation, differentiation and function of regulatory T cells was found in these grafts. These results indicate that the immunological modification induced by recellularized tracheal scaffolds is an active process involving the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, rather than simply the removal of donor-derived antigenic components.
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dECM-based scaffolds are more biocompatible and confront less rejection rate compared to other implants.
“Thereby, dECM-based scaffolds are more biocompatible and confront less rejection rate compared to other implants [30–32].”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
dECM scaffolds affect CD4+ T cell maturation and differentiation to shift T cell polarization toward regulatory phenotype (T reg), an immunomodulatory subtype that downregulates T cell activity.
“dECM scaffolds affect CD4+ T cell maturation and differentiation to shift T cell polarization toward regulatory phenotype (T reg), an immunomodulatory subtype that downregulates T cell activity.”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
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Self-citationA fibrin‐coated pericardial extracellular matrix prevented heart adhesion in a rat model
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Future directions for research on tissue-engineered trachea
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Decellularized Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration: Techniques and Applications
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Tracheal Regeneration: Recent Progress in the Application of Stem Cells in Tracheal Bioengineering
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Haykal, S., Zhou, Y., Marcus, P., Salna, M., Machuca, T., Hofer, S. O. P., & Waddell, T. K.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Waddell, Thomas K.
- Venue
- Biomaterials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 5821-5832
- ISSN
- 0142-9612 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2083881520
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomaterials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Keywords
- tracheal transplantation, decellularization, recellularization, tracheal allograft, leukocyte infiltration, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells, immunogenicity, MHC expression, CD4+ T cell proliferation, cartilage degeneration, anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, TGF-β1, immunosuppression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Epithelial Cells, Immunohistochemistry, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Phenotype, Trachea, Transplantation, Homologous, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Transplantation, Heterotopic, Cytokines, Coculture Techniques, Sus scrofa, Cell Proliferation, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Allografts
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