The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Photodynamic therapy – mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern and non-invasive form of therapy, used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases as well as cancers of various types and locations. It is based on the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound - the photosensitizer, which is accumulated in pathological tissues. The photosensitizer molecules absorb the light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the selective destruction of the inappropriate cells. The photocytotoxic reactions occur only within the pathological tissues, in the area of photosensitizer distribution, enabling selective destruction. Over the last decade, a significant acceleration in the development of nanotechnology has been observed. The combination of photosensitizers with nanomaterials can improve the photodynamic therapy efficiency and eliminate its side effects as well. The use of nanoparticles enables achievement a targeted method which is focused on specific receptors, and, as a result, increases the selectivity of the photodynamic therapy. The object of this review is the anticancer application of PDT, its advantages and possible modifications to potentiate its effects.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“PDT can produce ROS that induce tumor cell death by stimulating photosensitizers with specific wavelengths of therapeutic light [101–103].”
From Nanosensitizer-assisted sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [101]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 82
- Luo, 2017, Chemophototherapy: an emerging treatment option for solid tumors, Adv. Sci., 4, 1600106, 10.1002/advs.201600106 · DOI
- Kharkwal, 2011, Photodynamic therapy for infections: clinical applications, Lasers Surg. Med., 43, 755, 10.1002/lsm.21080 · DOI
- Sperandio, 2013, Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to kill Gram-negative bacteria, Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov., 8, 108, 10.2174/1574891X113089990012 · DOI
- Schmitt, 2012, Drug targeting strategies for photodynamic therapy, Anticancer Agents Med. Chem., 12, 500, 10.2174/187152012800617830 · DOI
- Allison, 2013, Photodynamic therapy (PDT): PDT mechanisms, Clin. Endosc., 46, 24, 10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.24 · DOI
- Robertson, 2009, Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A short review on cellular mechanisms and cancer research applications for PDT, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 96, 1, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.001 · DOI
- Castano, 2005, Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part two—cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2, 1, 10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00030-X · DOI
- Nowak-Stepniowska, 2013, [Photodynamic method of cancer diagnosis and therapy--mechanisms and applications], Postepy Biochem., 59, 53
- Luksiene, 2003, Photodynamic therapy: mechanism of action and ways to improve the efficiency of treatment, Med. (Kaunas), 39, 1137
- Juzeniene, 2007, The history of PDT in Norway, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 4, 3, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.11.002 · DOI
- Fonseca, 2006, Triplet-state and singlet oxygen formation in fluorene-based alternating copolymers, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 8278, 10.1021/jp060251f · DOI
- Kessel, 2010, Photodynamic therapy and cell death pathways, 35, 10.1007/978-1-60761-697-9_3 · DOI
- Plaetzer, 2003, The modes of cell death induced by PDT: an overview, Med. Laser Appl., 18, 7, 10.1078/1615-1615-00082 · DOI
- Buytaert, 2007, Molecular effectors of multiple cell death pathways initiated by photodynamic therapy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer., 1776, 86, 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.07.001 · DOI
- Mehraban, 2015, Developments in PDT sensitizers for increased selectivity and singlet oxygen production, Mater. (Basel Switz.), 8, 4421, 10.3390/ma8074421 · DOI
- Vrouenraets, 2003, Basic principles, applications in oncology and improved selectivity of photodynamic therapy, Anticancer Res., 23, 505
- Cruz, 2013, The role of cholesterol metabolism and cholesterol transport in carcinogenesis: a review of scientific findings, relevant to future cancer therapeutics, Front. Pharmacol., 4, 119, 10.3389/fphar.2013.00119 · DOI
- Hamblin, 1994, Photosensitizer targeting in photodynamic therapy. II. Conjugates of haematoporphyrin with serum lipoproteins, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B., 26, 147, 10.1016/1011-1344(94)07036-9 · DOI
- Castano, 2005, Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: Part three—Photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2, 91, 10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00060-8 · DOI
- Huang, 2008, Photodynamic therapy for treatment of solid tumors--potential and technical challenges, Technol. Cancer Res. Treat., 7, 309, 10.1177/153303460800700405 · DOI
- Krammer, 2001, Vascular effects of photodynamic therapy, Anticancer Res., 21, 4271
- Reginato, 2014, Immune response after photodynamic therapy increases anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects, World J. Immunol., 4, 1, 10.5411/wji.v4.i1.1 · DOI
- Castano, 2006, Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumour immunity, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 6, 535, 10.1038/nrc1894 · DOI
- Agostinis, 2011, Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update, CA Cancer J. Clin., 61, 250, 10.3322/caac.20114 · DOI · Paper page
- Kou, 2017, Porphyrin photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and its applications, Oncotarget, 8, 81591, 10.18632/oncotarget.20189 · DOI
- Nyman, 2004, Research advances in the use of tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 73, 1, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2003.10.002 · DOI
- Fornalski, 2006, Photodynamic therapy mechanism of action and adhibition in dermatology, Nowa Med., 4, 71
- Allison, 2010, Oncologic photodynamic therapy photosensitizers: A clinical review, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 7, 61, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.02.001 · DOI
- Taub, 2004, Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: history and horizons, J. Drugs Dermatol., 3, S8
- Abrahamse, 2016, New photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, Biochem. J., 473, 347, 10.1042/BJ20150942 · DOI
- Zhang, 2018, An updated overview on the development of new photosensitizers for anticancer photodynamic therapy, Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 8, 137, 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.09.003 · DOI
- Chatterjee, 2008, Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy: an emerging paradigm, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 60, 1627, 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.003 · DOI
- Yoon, 2013, Advance in photosensitizers and light delivery for photodynamic therapy, Clin. Endosc., 46, 7, 10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.7 · DOI
- Moriwaki, 2018, Synthesis and photophysical properties of S -Mannosylated chlorins and their effect on photocytotoxicity in HeLa cells, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 91, 230, 10.1246/bcsj.20170271 · DOI
- De Rosa, 2000, Photodynamic therapy of skin cancers: sensitizers, clinical studies and future directives, Pharm. Res., 17, 1447, 10.1023/A:1007612905378 · DOI
- Morton, 2002, The emerging role of 5-ALA-PDT in dermatology: is PDT superior to standard treatments?, J. Dermatol. Treat., 13, s25, 10.1080/095466302317414672 · DOI
- Josefsen, 2008, Photodynamic therapy: novel third-generation photosensitizers one step closer?, Br. J. Pharmacol., 154, 1, 10.1038/bjp.2008.98 · DOI
- Kataoka, 2017, New photodynamic therapy with next-generation photosensitizers, Ann. Transl. Med., 5, 183, 10.21037/atm.2017.03.59 · DOI
- Savellano, 2003, Targeting cells that overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor with polyethylene glycolated BPD verteporfin photosensitizer immunoconjugates, Photochem. Photobiol., 77, 431, 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0431:TCTOTE>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
- Shi, 2017, Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 17, 20, 10.1038/nrc.2016.108 · DOI · Paper page
- Ariga, 2011, Layer-by-layer self-assembled shells for drug delivery, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 63, 762, 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.016 · DOI
- Nakamura, 2017, Significance of optimization of phospholipid poly(Ethylene glycol) quantity for coating carbon nanohorns to achieve low cytotoxicity, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 90, 662, 10.1246/bcsj.20170003 · DOI
- Hamblin, 2015, Nanotechnology for photodynamic therapy: a perspective from the laboratory of Dr. Michael R. Hamblin in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Nanotechnol. Rev., 4, 359, 10.1515/ntrev-2015-0027 · DOI
- Lee, 2011, Polymeric nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy, 151, 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_11 · DOI
- Hong, 2016, Targeted and effective photodynamic therapy for cancer using functionalized nanomaterials, Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 6, 297, 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.01.007 · DOI
- Hao, 2017, Multifunctional nanoplatform for enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 151, 384, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.039 · DOI
- Rong, 2014, Photosensitizer Loaded Nano-Graphene for Multimodality Imaging Guided Tumor Photodynamic Therapy, Theranostics, 4, 229, 10.7150/thno.8070 · DOI
- Ding, 2011, Photoactivation switch from type II to type I reactions by electron-rich micelles for improved photodynamic therapy of cancer cells under hypoxia, J. Control. Release, 156, 276, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.019 · DOI
- Avci, 2014, Photodynamic therapy: one step ahead with self-assembled nanoparticles, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 10, 1937, 10.1166/jbn.2014.1953 · DOI
- Zeisser-Labouèbe, 2006, Hypericin-loaded nanoparticles for the photodynamic treatment of ovarian cancer, Int. J. Pharm., 326, 174, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.012 · DOI
- Wang, 2011, Novel methods to incorporate photosensitizers into nanocarriers for cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy, Lasers Surg. Med., 43, 686, 10.1002/lsm.21113 · DOI
- Qin, 2011, Methylene blue covalently loaded polyacrylamide nanoparticles for enhanced tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 10, 832, 10.1039/c1pp05022b · DOI
- Tang, 2008, Encapsulation of methylene blue in polyacrylamide nanoparticle platforms protects its photodynamic effectiveness, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 369, 579, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.066 · DOI
- Kuruppuarachchi, 2011, Polyacrylamide nanoparticles as a delivery system in photodynamic therapy, Mol. Pharm., 8, 920, 10.1021/mp200023y · DOI
- Tang, 2005, Photodynamic characterization and in vitro application of methylene blue-containing nanoparticle platforms, Photochem. Photobiol., 81, 242
- Kopecek, 2010, HPMA copolymers: origins, early developments, present, and future, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 62, 122, 10.1016/j.addr.2009.10.004 · DOI
- Yang, 2015, Gold nanoparticle-enhanced photodynamic therapy: effects of surface charge and mitochondrial targeting, Ther. Deliv., 6, 307, 10.4155/tde.14.115 · DOI
- Meyers, 2015, Peptide-targeted gold nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of brain Cancer, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 32, 448, 10.1002/ppsc.201400119 · DOI
- Xiao, 2011, Porous silicon nanoparticle photosensitizers for singlet oxygen and their phototoxicity against cancer cells, ACS Nano, 5, 3651, 10.1021/nn1035262 · DOI
- Komiyama, 2017, Chemistry can make strict and fuzzy controls for bio-systems: DNA nanoarchitectonics and cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 90, 967, 10.1246/bcsj.20170156 · DOI
- Zhang, 2007, Versatile photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy at infrared excitation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 4526, 10.1021/ja0700707 · DOI
- Choromańska, 2013, Photodynamic therapy – principles, mechanism, clinical applications, Nowa Med., 1, 26
- I. Cozzani, G. Jori, G. Bertoloni, C. Milanesi, P. Carlini, T. Sicuro, A. Ruschi, Efficient photosensitization of malignant human cells in vitro by liposome-bound porphyrins., Chem. Biol. Interact. 53 (n.d.) 131–143 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3995649. · DOI
- Konan, 2002, State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 66, 89, 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00267-6 · DOI
- Paszko, 2011, Nanodrug applications in photodynamic therapy, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 8, 14, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.12.001 · DOI
- Chen, 2005, Liposomal delivery of photosensitising agents, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2, 477, 10.1517/17425247.2.3.477 · DOI
- Polo, 2002, Low-density lipoprotein receptors in the uptake of tumour photosensitizers by human and rat transformed fibroblasts, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 34, 10, 10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00092-9 · DOI
- Mazière, 1991, The role of the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway in the delivery of lipophilic photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of tumours, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 8, 351, 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80111-T · DOI
- Luiza Andreazza, 2016, Int. J. Pharm., 510, 240, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.009 · DOI
- Gehl, 2003, Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research, Acta Physiol. Scand., 177, 437, 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2003.01093.x · DOI
- Potter, 2003, Transfection by electroporation, Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol.
- Reigada, 2014, Electroporation of heterogeneous lipid membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembr., 1838, 814, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.008 · DOI
- Cadossi, 2014, Locally enhanced chemotherapy by electroporation: clinical experiences and perspective of use of electrochemotherapy, Future Oncol., 10, 877, 10.2217/fon.13.235 · DOI
- Labanauskiene, 2009, Enhancement of photodynamic tumor therapy effectiveness by electroporation in vitro, Med. (Kaunas), 45, 372
- Kulbacka, 2011, The influence of electroporation on in vitro photodynamic therapy of human breast carcinoma cells, Folia Biol. (Praha), 57, 112, 10.14712/fb2011057030112 · DOI
- Kulbacka, 2015, Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) impact and enhanced Photofrin II® delivery in photodynamic reaction in cancer and normal cells, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 12, 621, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.002 · DOI
- Wezgowiec, 2013, Electric field-assisted delivery of photofrin to human breast carcinoma cells, J. Membr. Biol., 246, 725, 10.1007/s00232-013-9533-z · DOI
- Choromanska, 2015, Effects of electrophotodynamic therapy in vitro on human melanoma cells – melanotic (MeWo) and amelanotic (C32), Melanoma Res., 25, 210, 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000153 · DOI
- Kulbacka, 2016, Electroporation and lipid nanoparticles with cyanine IR-780 and flavonoids as efficient vectors to enhanced drug delivery in colon cancer, Bioelectrochemistry, 110, 19, 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.013 · DOI
- Zielichowska, 2015, The photodynamic effect of far-red range phthalocyanines (AlPc and Pc green) supported by electropermeabilization in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells of sensitive and resistant type, Biomed. Pharmacother., 69, 145, 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.11.017 · DOI
- Weżgowiec, 2018, Biological effects in photodynamic treatment combined with electropermeabilization in wild and drug resistant breast cancer cells, Bioelectrochemistry, 123, 9, 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.008 · DOI
- Wallace, 2009, Tolerability of two sequential electroporation treatments using MedPulser DNA delivery system (DDS) in healthy adults, Mol. Ther., 17, 922, 10.1038/mt.2009.27 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,000
Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Tang, Y.-J., Qin, L., Shen, Y., Wang, B., Zhang, L., Cao, L.-L., Zhou, Y., Su, Y.-H., et al. (2022) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102974 · Cited by 12
Influence of Parameters on Photodynamic Therapy of Au@TiO2–HMME Core-Shell Nanostructures
Wang, P., Zhang, L.-W., Zhang, Z.-X., Wang, S.-J., & Yao, C. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12081358 · Cited by 12
“Photosensitizer [12,13], excitation light and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the three main elements in photodynamic therapy [14].”
BackgroundTargeted photoimmunotherapy for cancer
Mussini, A., Uriati, E., Bianchini, P., Diaspro, A., Cavanna, L., Abbruzzetti, S., & Viappiani, C. (2022) · BioMolecular Concepts · doi:10.1515/bmc-2022-0010 · Cited by 16
Razlog, R., Kruger, C. A., & Abrahamse, H. (2022) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/15347354221092706 · Cited by 15
Robbins, E., Leroy-Lhez, S., Villandier, N., Samoć, M., & Matczyszyn, K. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26206323 · Cited by 12
Evangelista, R., Amantino, C. F., Pietro, R. C. L. R., Sorrechia, R., Piazza, R. D., Marques, R. F. C., Tedesco, A. C., & Primo, F. L. (2021) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102273 · Cited by 16
Liu, L., Liu, P., Guo, W., Meng, L., Zhang, C., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102215 · Cited by 15
Tabero, A., Planas, O., Gallavardin, T., Nieves, I., Nonell, S., & Villanueva, A. (2020) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano10122474 · Cited by 12
“9% of cell death), which is one of the requirements for an ideal photodynamic treatment [37].”
BackgroundGualdesi, M. S., Vara, J., Aiassa, V., Igarzabal, C. A. A., & Ortiz, C. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113247 · Cited by 12
Elsadek, M., Ahmed, B. M., & Eskandrani, R. M. (2020) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101830 · Cited by 12
Multinuclear Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) decorated tetraphenylporphyrins as efficient PDT agents.
Cabrera-González, J., Soriano, J., Conway-Kenny, R., Wang, J.-S., Lu, Y., Zhao, J.-Z., Nogués, C., & Draper, S. M. (2019) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/c9bm00192a · Cited by 12
Shen, Y., Cao, J., Sun, F., Cai, X.-L., Li, M.-M., Zheng, N.-N., Qu, C., Zhang, Y., Shen, F., Zhou, M., et al. (2018) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i46.5246 · Cited by 12
Güleç, Ö., Bilgiçli, A. T., Hepokur, C., Günsel, A., Arslan, M., & Yaraşır, M. (2024) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.115587 · Cited by 12
Direct and indirect approaches to red-shift photoactivated nitric oxide release
Elbeheiry, H. M., & Schulz, M. (2024) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215921 · Cited by 17
Latest developments in photosensitizers: improving stability, specificity and responsiveness
Dong, J., Tang, J., Li, X., Zeng, Y., Su, X., He, Y., & Liu, X. (2025) · Future Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1080/17568919.2025.2515813 · Cited by 12
Pang, D., Ni, Y., Li, H., Zhou, G., Li, Y., & Xu, B. (2025) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2025.104833 · Cited by 11
Askari, S. H. A., Zomorodi, A. R., & Aflakian, F. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107684 · Cited by 10
Sonodynamic Therapy Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Malignant Gliomas: A Review
Ebeling, A., & Prada, F. U. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15050718 · Cited by 10
Tactics to Improve the Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficacy Based on Nanomaterials
Cao, Y., Qian, X., Shi, M., Sun, X. Y., Zou, J., & Chen, X. S. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1002/cjoc.202401177 · Cited by 14
Daylight Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis and Field Cancerization: A Narrative Review
Sotiriou, E., Kiritsi, D., Chaitidis, N., Arabatzis, M., Lallas, A., & Vakirlis, E. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17061050 · Cited by 10
“PDT may also involve an immunological mechanism, activating innate and adaptive immune cells through antigen presentation of the destroyed premalignant cell [35–37].”
Krylova, L. V., Otvagin, V., Gribova, G. P., Kuzmina, N., Fedotova, E., Zelepukin, I., Nyuchev, A., Kustov, A. V., Morshnev, P. K., Berezin, D. B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02643 · Cited by 11
Imanparast, A., Ameri, A. R., Attaran, N., Sharifi, S., Tamayol, A., Sazgarnia, A., & Shaegh, S. A. M. (2024) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.12.021 · Cited by 11
Huang, Y.-F., Liang, J., Fan, Z.-F., & Yin, C.-X. (2024) · Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.137209 · Cited by 11
Lin, B., Lin, P., Zhang, X., Liao, Y., Yu, Y., Xu, X., & Wang, X. (2024) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s490485 · Cited by 14
Law, S., Liu, W., Tong, C. W. S., & Au, D. C. T. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12092095 · Cited by 11
“Regarding trans -Resveratrol with antibacterial and anticancer functions, the causes the inactivation of bacteria, which oxidizes proteins or lipids, leading to death [103] It also inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells due to increased metabolic rate, gene mutation, and relative hypoxia [104],…”
BackgroundZheng, Z., Lu, S., Wu, Y., Kayitmazer, A. B., Ahmad, A., Ramzan, N., Rafique, M. S., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Xu, Y., et al. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.155024 · Cited by 11
A Review of Recent Progress on the Anticancer Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds
Negi, B., & Kwatra, A. (2024) · SynOpen · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1720125 · Cited by 11
Application of microneedling in photodynamic therapy: A systematic review
Tian, R., Wang, X., Li, Y., Zhang, L., & Wen, X. (2024) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104016 · Cited by 14
Yang, G., & Chen, W. (2024) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103992 · Cited by 11
Immunomodulatory Effect of Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Oral Cancer Cells
Olek, M., Machorowska-Pieniążęk, A., Czuba, Z. P., Cieślar, G., & Kawczyk‐Krupka, A. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16010042 · Cited by 13
“PDT leads to programmed cell death, necrosis, or autophagy, depending on the intracellular location of PS and damage to given cellular structures [4].”
BackgroundYang, Q.-Y., Guo, Y.-K., Zhou, Y., Song, J.-L., Song, Y.-J., Li, H.-M., Gao, H.-L., & Huang, W. (2023) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00491 · Cited by 11
Zhao, T., Li, J.-N., Wang, Y., Guo, X., & Sun, Y. (2023) · Annals medicus · doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2227424 · Cited by 11
“roidal vascular remodelling [12,13], thus reducing”
Structural basis of antibacterial photodynamic action of curcumin against S. aureus
Dias, L. D., Aguiar, A. S. N., de Melo, N. J., Inada, N. M., Borges, L. L., Aquino, G. L. B., Camargo, A. J., Bagnato, V. S., & Napolitano, H. B. (2023) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103654 · Cited by 13
Rare-earth scintillating nanoparticles for X-ray induced photodynamic therapy
Zhang, T.-Z., Zheng, H., Zhang, F., Chu, C.-C., Liao, T., Xie, L., Cai, W., & Liu, G. (2023) · Journal of Luminescence · doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2023.119862 · Cited by 11
Quatsomes Loaded with Squaraine Dye as an Effective Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Bordignon, N., Köber, M., Chinigò, G., Pontremoli, C., SANSONE, E., Vargas‐Nadal, G., Moran, M. J., Fiorio, A., Barbero, N., Morlà‐Folch, J., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15030902 · Cited by 14
“producing oxygenated radicals (Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS), known as a Type I reaction, or (ii) the PS can directly react with molecular oxygen, producing singlet oxygen ((1)O2), known as a Type II reaction [8,9].”
BackgroundSchuch, L. F., Schmidt, T. R., Kirschnick, L. B., de Arruda, J. A. A., Campagnol, D., Martins, M. A. T., Santos‐Silva, A. R., Lopes, M. A., Vargas, P. A., Bagnato, V. S., et al. (2023) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103531 · Cited by 14
Aldosari, L., bin Hassan, S. A., Alshadidi, A., Rangaiah, G. C., & Divakar, D. (2023) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103320 · Cited by 11
Long-term effect of photodynamic therapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia.
Narahara, S., Ikeda, H., Ogata, K., Shido, R., Asahina, I., & Ohba, S. (2022) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103246 · Cited by 11
Advances in the treatment of intraocular malignancies: A literature review
Cui, Y.-K., Yin, S.-S., Qin, X., Jiao, W., Ren, A., Wang, F., & Zhao, B.-J. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.975565 · Cited by 11
“PDT is a form of laser therapy that targets abnormal capillaries and is useful for the treatment of intraocular neovascularization and neoplasms (28).”
BackgroundMalindi, Z., Barth, S., & Abrahamse, H. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092158 · Cited by 14
Al‐Kheraif, A. A., Alshahrani, O. A., Al‐Shehri, A. M., & Khan, A. A. (2022) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12811 · Cited by 12
Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Disease in Children—A Review of the Literature
Mazur, A., Koziorowska, K., Dynarowicz, K., Aebisher, D., & Bartusik-Aebisher, D. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9050695 · Cited by 11
Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in Endometrial Diseases
Correia-Barros, G., Serambeque, B., Carvalho, M. J., Marto, C. M., Piñeiro, M., Melo, T. M. V. D. P. E., Botelho, M. F., & Laranjo, M. (2022) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering9050226 · Cited by 11
“In type II, interaction with oxygen forms singlet oxygen, the most relevant ROS in PDT [5].”
BackgroundFontana, L. C., Pinto, J. G., Magalhães, J. A., Tada, D., de Almeida, R. D., Pacheco-Soares, C., & Ferreira-Strixino, J. (2022) · Photochem · doi:10.3390/photochem2010013 · Cited by 11
Liposome co-loaded with β-elemene and IR780 for combined chemo-phototherapy
Han, N., Shi, Q., Wang, X., Huang, X., Ruan, M.-Y., Ren, L.-L., Lang, X., Wu, K., & Du, S.-Y. (2022) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103122 · Cited by 11
Nalcaoğlu, A., Sari, C., Değirmencioğlu, I., & Eyupoglu, F. C. (2022) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102734 · Cited by 11
Photodynamic therapy: A next alternative treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Zhu, F., Wang, B.-R., Zhu, Z., Wang, S., Chai, C., Shang, D., & Li, M. (2021) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1523 · Cited by 12
Ferrisse, T. M., de Oliveira, A. B., Surur, A. K., Buzo, H. S., Brighenti, F. L., & Fontana, C. R. (2021) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2021.102505 · Cited by 13
How can biophotonics help dentistry to avoid or minimize cross infection by SARS-CoV-2?
Besegato, J. F., de Melo, P. B. G., Tamae, P. E., Alves, A. P. A. R., Rondón, L. F., Leanse, L. G., dos Anjos, C., Casarin, H. H., Chinelatti, M. A., Faria, G., et al. (2021) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102682 · Cited by 16
Expanding the applications of photodynamic therapy—tooth bleaching
Li, Z.-Q., Wu, Z., Wang, J., Huang, M., & Lin, M.-K. (2021) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04199-7 · Cited by 11
Владимировна, Б. И., Mishchenko, T. A., Turubanova, V. D., Peskova, N. N., Shilyagina, N. Y., Plekhanov, V. I., Lermontova, S. A., Klapshina, L. G., Vedunova, M. V., & Krysko, D. V. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26195816 · Cited by 13
“Insufficient selectivity of the photosensitizer to the tumor and its accumulation in normal organs and tissues, especially skin and eyes, lead to undesirable photoinduced side effects [8,16,17].”
BackgroundLiu, Z., Xie, F., Xie, J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Lin, Q., Luo, F.-H., & Yan, J.-H. (2021) · Drug Delivery · doi:10.1080/10717544.2021.1960923 · Cited by 11
“Two main approaches are available: photodynamic therapy (PDT), which could induce cell apoptosis and necrosis by converting laser energy to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under laser irradiation (Mehraban & Freeman, 2015; Kwiatkowski et al., 2018; Donohoe et al., 2019), and photothermal therapy (PTT)…”
BackgroundPhotodynamic Therapy in Ocular Oncology
Mazloumi, M., Dalvin, L., Abtahi, S., Yavari, N., Yaghy, A., Mashayekhi, A., Shields, J., & Shields, C. (2020) · Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research · doi:10.18502/jovr.v15i4.7793 · Cited by 11
“Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of laser therapy that targets abnormal capillaries and has been useful for the treatment of intraocular neovascularizations and neoplasms.[1, 2] The technique of PDT involves the intravenous administration of a photosensitizing chemical substance, currently verteporfin, followed by…”
Wang, M., Liu, C. X., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhu, L., Fang, Z., & Jin, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.01781 · Cited by 12
“The photosensitizer was targeted in pathological tissues and activated by light of a specific wavelength, inducing selective cell death, but sparing the surrounding normal tissues (8).”
BackgroundLiu, Y., Fens, M. H. A. M., Lou, B., van Kronenburg, N. C. H., Maas-Bakker, R. F., Kok, R. J., Oliveira, S., Hennink, W. E., & van Nostrum, C. F. (2020) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12040338 · Cited by 13
Jiménez, V., Moreno, N., Guzmán, L., Torres, C. C., Campos, C. H., & Alderete, J. (2020) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-020-04483-z · Cited by 11
Bactericidal and clinical efficacy of photochemotherapy in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
Siddiqui, A., Vellappally, S., Fouad, H., & Muckarrum, S. M. (2020) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101668 · Cited by 11
Pattnaik, A. K., Priyadarshini, N., Priyadarshini, P., Behera, G. C., & Parida, K. M. (2024) · Materials Advances · doi:10.1039/d4ma00376d · Cited by 22
Photodynamic Strategies for Prevention of Titanium Osteoimplant Infections
Wang, J., Guan, L., Sang, W., Zhu, L., Pan, G., Wang, T., & Ma, J. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.1092 · Cited by 8
“Given that the majority of organic compounds exist in the fundamental singlet state, except for oxygen molecules that possess a triplet ground state and can be excited to the singlet state, energy transfer occurs solely in the presence of O₂, rendering type II reactions oxygen-dependent [ 16 ].”
InfluentialProgrammable ROS modulation by nanomedicine for rheumatoid arthritis treatment
Pan, G., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Pan, H., Hou, Q., Kong, X., Lv, F., Xiao, N., et al. (2025) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102699 · Cited by 5
Bortnevskaya, Y. S., Zakharov, N. S., Senkov, V. S., Gradova, M. A., Karpechenko, N. Y., Nikolskaya, E. D., Mollaeva, M. R., Yabbarov, N. G., Novikov, A. S., Bragina, N. A., et al. (2025) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00247 · Cited by 10
Machado, T., Gonçalves, S. S., de Carvalho, J. A., Bonifaz, A., Brilhante, R., de Camargo, Z. P., & Rodrigues, A. M. (2025) · Current Fungal Infection Reports · doi:10.1007/s12281-024-00500-9 · Cited by 10
“This approach uses a photosensitizing agent, such as methylene blue or 5-aminolevulinic acid, which is activated by light to produce reactive oxygen species, ultimately leading to the destruction of fungal cells [150].”
Qin, Y., Gao, H., Yin, Y., Li, J., He, X., Gao, M., Sun, L., Yuan, Y., Tian, Y., Zhou, Y., et al. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202404265 · Cited by 10
Niu, Y., Tang, S., Li, J., Huang, C., Yang, Y., Zhou, L., Liu, Y., & Zeng, X. (2024) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112808 · Cited by 10
Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Mucositis in Cancer Patients- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Joseph, B., Mauramo, M., Vijayakumary, B. K., Waltimo, T., Anil, S., & Sorsa, T. (2024) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104424 · Cited by 10
Assessing the efficacy of carbon nanodots derived from curcumin on infectious diseases
Rai, M., Ingle, A., Törős, G., & Prokisch, J. (2024) · Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2024.2409401 · Cited by 10
“It is important to delve deep to know how the fluorescence is generated for photodynamic therapy which depends on the photosensitizer; light with the appropriate wavelength (discussed as above) and oxygen dissolved within the cells [86].”
InfluentialShen, L., Zhang, Q.-L., Yao, Y., Huang, Y.-L., Zheng, Z.-C., Li, M., Xu, H., Tan, L., Liao, X., Xia, B., et al. (2024) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100967 · Cited by 10
“Therefore, the effectiveness of PDT depends on the photocytotoxic reaction caused by the pre-activation of PSs in the body [ 10–12 ].”
Enhancing Rose Bengal penetration in ex vivo human corneas using iontophoresis.
Lai, J. M., Chen, J. A., Navia, J., Durkee, H., Gonzalez, A., Rowaan, C., Arcari, T., Aguilar, M. C., Llanes, K., Ziebarth, N., et al. (2024) · Therapeutic delivery · doi:10.1080/20415990.2024.2371778 · Cited by 10
Nunes, G. P., Alves, R. D. O., Ragghianti, M. H. F., Martins, T., dos Reis-Prado, A. D., Nunes, L., Poli, M. C. F., Silva, A., & Benetti, F. (2024) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-024-04087-y · Cited by 10
“It is recognized that the optimal range for photodynamic therapy falls between 400 and 800 nm, known as the therapeutic window, where tissue light transmission is maximal, offering a significant advantage in infection treatment [54].”
Cui, J.-C., Zhang, D., Qiao, H., Yan, Z., Zhang, W., & Li, Y.-Q. (2024) · Particuology · doi:10.1016/j.partic.2024.05.016 · Cited by 10
Sun, G., Huang, S., Wang, S., & Li, Y. (2024) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb-2023-0259 · Cited by 10
Cao, Y., Li, Y., Ren, C., Yang, C., Hao, R., & Mu, T. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d3tb02844e · Cited by 13
Zhang, Y.-X., Jia, R., Wang, X., Zhang, Y.-X., Wu, J.-H., Yu, Q., Lv, Q., Yan, C., & Li, P.-C. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01047 · Cited by 10
Research progress on the biosynthesis, activity and application of natural tetrapyrrole compounds
Hu, M., Lu, X., Qin, S., Liu, R., Wang, Q., Lu, C., & Li, W. (2024) · Arabian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2024.105736 · Cited by 12
Research progress in photodynamic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection
Luo, Q., Liu, C., Zhang, A., & Zhang, D. (2024) · Helicobacter · doi:10.1111/hel.13068 · Cited by 10
“19 PDT has a long history, with the use of light to treat diseases dating back more than 3000 years.”
BackgroundSimelane, N., & Abrahamse, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1340212 · Cited by 10
“PDT is a light-based treatment which uses a photosensitizing agent that is activated by appropriate light to selectively destroy abnormal cells or tumours, while leaving surrounding healthy tissues unharmed (Kwiatkowski et al., 2018).”
BackgroundGuo, X., Han, L., Chen, W., He, H., Zhang, W., Huang, C., & Wang, X. (2024) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s432407 · Cited by 14
NQO-1 activatable NIR photosensitizer for visualization and selective killing of breast cancer cells
Li, Z., Feng, Q., Hou, J., & Shen, J. (2023) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107021 · Cited by 12
Saini, R., & Debnath, A. (2023) · Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04942 · Cited by 10
Sinha, R., Jaykishan, O. S., & Purkayastha, P. (2023) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01466 · Cited by 10
Photomodulation Approaches to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance
Sarabando, S. N., Palmeira, A., Sousa, E., Faustino, M. A. F., & Monteiro, C. J. P. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16050682 · Cited by 12
Olek, M., Machorowska-Pieniążek, A., Czuba, Z., Cieślar, G., & Kawczyk-Krupka, A. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15041279 · Cited by 10
“Three components are needed in PDT: a photoactive agent called a photosensitizer (PS), oxygen found in the tissues, and a light source of the appropriate wavelength [15].”
BackgroundEnzyme‐Activatable Polypeptide for Plasma Membrane Disruption and Antitumor Immunity Elicitation
Liu, J., Li, R. S., Zhang, L., Wang, J., Dong, Q., Xu, Z., Kang, Y., & Xue, P. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202206912 · Cited by 11
Miranda, T. C., Andrade, J. F. M., Gelfuso, G., Cunha-Filho, M., Oliveira, L., & Gratieri, T. (2023) · International journal of pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122794 · Cited by 10
Moghassemi, S., Dadashzadeh, A., Camboni, A., Feron, O., Azevedo, R., & Amorim, C. (2023) · Human Reproduction Open · doi:10.1093/hropen/hoad005 · Cited by 10
“Compared with the other common strategies for cancer therapy, PDT has fewer side effects, more selectivity, and can be specifically targeted toward the tumor site (Lehmann, 2007; Chilakamarthi and Giribabu, 2017; Kwiatkowski et al., 2018; Moghassemi et al., 2021a).”
BackgroundAn “IgG-hitchhiking” approach for rapid tumor accumulation and clearance of photosensitizers
Lin, H., Tong, Q., Xu, J., Li, T., Yang, A., Sun, J., & Lu, W. (2023) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.026 · Cited by 12
Integrating clinical access limitations into iPDT treatment planning with PDT-SPACE
Wang, S., Saeidi, T., Lilge, L. D., & Betz, V. (2023) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.478217 · Cited by 9
Khan, H., Lee, Y.-K., Shaik, M. R., Alrashood, S. T., & Ekhzaimy, A. A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232315087 · Cited by 10
“PDT involves combination of light and a photosensitizer (PS), which is activated by absorption of light of a specific wavelength, causing the generation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce a cascade of intracellular molecular events resulting in targeted tissue damage [1,2].”
BackgroundEffect of Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e6 on Canine Tumors
Shrestha, R., Lee, H. J., Lim, J., Gurung, P., Magar, T. B. T., Kim, Y., Lee, K., Bae, S., & Kim, Y.-W. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12122102 · Cited by 12
“In a Type 1 reaction, these species can excite biomolecules in their vicinity while transferring the additional energy to oxygen, which causes tissue injury by triggering the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxy radicals [6,7].”
BackgroundLi, C., Tan, H. F., Lu, R., Qin, S., Meng, X., Zhang, H., & Xie, Z. (2022) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2022-0417 · Cited by 12
Application of Cherenkov Radiation in Tumor Imaging and Treatment
Shao, B., Fang, L., Xiang, Z., Yuanyuan, Z., Tian, Y., He, T., Ma, J., Xiran, W., Yu, S., & Liu, L. (2022) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2022-0022 · Cited by 12
Zhang, J., Jiang, M., Li, Y., Yu, J., Qiu, H., Gu, M., Li, Y., & Yin, S. (2022) · Dyes and Pigments · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110679 · Cited by 10
de Oliveira, A. C. V., de Morais, F. A. P., Campanholi, K. D. S. S., Bidóia, D. L., Balbinot, R. B., Nakamura, C. V., Caetano, W., Hioka, N., Monteiro, O. D. S., da Rocha, C. Q., et al. (2022) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103103 · Cited by 11
Amaral, S. R. D., Amantino, C. F., de Annunzio, S. R., de Paula, A. D., Fontana, C., & Primo, F. L. (2022) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-022-03603-2 · Cited by 10
Modulation of reactive oxygen species in cancers: recent advances
Ganesh, J. M., Prerana, P., Dharmarajan, A., Warrier, S. R., & Gandhirajan, R. K. (2022) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715762.2022.2133704 · Cited by 12
“The intensity of the light used also affects the PDT response [208,212,221].”
BackgroundMarkelic, M., Drača, D., Krajnović, T., Jović, Z., Vuksanović, M., Koruga, D., Mijatović, S., & Maksimović-Ivanić, D. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12081331 · Cited by 10
“PDT is an approved treatment regime for several cancer types [6].”
BackgroundRazmienė, B., Vojáčková, V., Řezníčková, E., Malina, L., Dambrauskienė, V., Kubala, M., Bajgar, R., Kolářová, H., Žukauskaitė, A., Arbačiauskienė, E., et al. (2021) · Bioorganic chemistry (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105570 · Cited by 10
Liu, H.-F., Yao, C., Zhang, L.-W., Xin, J., Zhang, Z.-X., & Wang, S.-J. (2021) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ac1afd · Cited by 10
Zhang, G., Wang, W., Zou, H., Wei, Z., Song, C., Ran, J., Cao, Z., Cai, Y., & Han, W. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d1tb00659b · Cited by 16
Oral cavity: An open horizon for nanopharmaceuticals
Nguyen, O. O. T., Tran, K. D., Ha, N. T., Doan, S. M., Dinh, T. T. H., & Tran, T. H. (2021) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-021-00530-2 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Kwiatkowski, S., Knap, B., Przystupski, D., Saczko, J., Kędzierska, E., Knap-Czop, K., Kotlińska, J., Michel, O., Kotowski, K., & Kulbacka, J.
- Affiliations
- Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
- Medical University of Lublin (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Kulbacka, Julita
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 106
- Pages
- 1098-1107
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2884145325
- Cited by
- 2,173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 360 · 2024: 404 · 2023: 362 · 2022: 340 · 2021: 272 · 2020: 174 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 22.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Slaskich we Wroclawiu
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
- Servier
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
- Keywords
- photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers, photocytotoxicity, targeted drug delivery, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, combination therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drug Carriers, Humans, Neoplasms, Photochemotherapy, Drug Delivery Systems, Photosensitizing Agents, Nanomedicine, Electrochemotherapy, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review