The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Photodynamic therapy – mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern and non-invasive form of therapy, used in the treatment of non-oncological diseases as well as cancers of various types and locations. It is based on the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound - the photosensitizer, which is accumulated in pathological tissues. The photosensitizer molecules absorb the light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the selective destruction of the inappropriate cells. The photocytotoxic reactions occur only within the pathological tissues, in the area of photosensitizer distribution, enabling selective destruction. Over the last decade, a significant acceleration in the development of nanotechnology has been observed. The combination of photosensitizers with nanomaterials can improve the photodynamic therapy efficiency and eliminate its side effects as well. The use of nanoparticles enables achievement a targeted method which is focused on specific receptors, and, as a result, increases the selectivity of the photodynamic therapy. The object of this review is the anticancer application of PDT, its advantages and possible modifications to potentiate its effects.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“PDT can produce ROS that induce tumor cell death by stimulating photosensitizers with specific wavelengths of therapeutic light [101–103].”
From Nanosensitizer-assisted sonodynamic therapy for breast cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [101]
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 82
- Luo, 2017, Chemophototherapy: an emerging treatment option for solid tumors, Adv. Sci., 4, 1600106, 10.1002/advs.201600106 · DOI
- Kharkwal, 2011, Photodynamic therapy for infections: clinical applications, Lasers Surg. Med., 43, 755, 10.1002/lsm.21080 · DOI
- Sperandio, 2013, Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to kill Gram-negative bacteria, Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov., 8, 108, 10.2174/1574891X113089990012 · DOI
- Schmitt, 2012, Drug targeting strategies for photodynamic therapy, Anticancer Agents Med. Chem., 12, 500, 10.2174/187152012800617830 · DOI
- Allison, 2013, Photodynamic therapy (PDT): PDT mechanisms, Clin. Endosc., 46, 24, 10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.24 · DOI
- Robertson, 2009, Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A short review on cellular mechanisms and cancer research applications for PDT, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol., 96, 1, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.001 · DOI
- Castano, 2005, Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part two—cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2, 1, 10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00030-X · DOI
- Nowak-Stepniowska, 2013, [Photodynamic method of cancer diagnosis and therapy--mechanisms and applications], Postepy Biochem., 59, 53
- Luksiene, 2003, Photodynamic therapy: mechanism of action and ways to improve the efficiency of treatment, Med. (Kaunas), 39, 1137
- Juzeniene, 2007, The history of PDT in Norway, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 4, 3, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2006.11.002 · DOI
- Fonseca, 2006, Triplet-state and singlet oxygen formation in fluorene-based alternating copolymers, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 8278, 10.1021/jp060251f · DOI
- Kessel, 2010, Photodynamic therapy and cell death pathways, 35, 10.1007/978-1-60761-697-9_3 · DOI
- Plaetzer, 2003, The modes of cell death induced by PDT: an overview, Med. Laser Appl., 18, 7, 10.1078/1615-1615-00082 · DOI
- Buytaert, 2007, Molecular effectors of multiple cell death pathways initiated by photodynamic therapy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer., 1776, 86, 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.07.001 · DOI
- Mehraban, 2015, Developments in PDT sensitizers for increased selectivity and singlet oxygen production, Mater. (Basel Switz.), 8, 4421, 10.3390/ma8074421 · DOI
- Vrouenraets, 2003, Basic principles, applications in oncology and improved selectivity of photodynamic therapy, Anticancer Res., 23, 505
- Cruz, 2013, The role of cholesterol metabolism and cholesterol transport in carcinogenesis: a review of scientific findings, relevant to future cancer therapeutics, Front. Pharmacol., 4, 119, 10.3389/fphar.2013.00119 · DOI
- Hamblin, 1994, Photosensitizer targeting in photodynamic therapy. II. Conjugates of haematoporphyrin with serum lipoproteins, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B., 26, 147, 10.1016/1011-1344(94)07036-9 · DOI
- Castano, 2005, Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: Part three—Photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2, 91, 10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00060-8 · DOI
- Huang, 2008, Photodynamic therapy for treatment of solid tumors--potential and technical challenges, Technol. Cancer Res. Treat., 7, 309, 10.1177/153303460800700405 · DOI
- Krammer, 2001, Vascular effects of photodynamic therapy, Anticancer Res., 21, 4271
- Reginato, 2014, Immune response after photodynamic therapy increases anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects, World J. Immunol., 4, 1, 10.5411/wji.v4.i1.1 · DOI
- Castano, 2006, Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumour immunity, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 6, 535, 10.1038/nrc1894 · DOI
- Agostinis, 2011, Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update, CA Cancer J. Clin., 61, 250, 10.3322/caac.20114 · DOI · Paper page
- Kou, 2017, Porphyrin photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy and its applications, Oncotarget, 8, 81591, 10.18632/oncotarget.20189 · DOI
- Nyman, 2004, Research advances in the use of tetrapyrrolic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 73, 1, 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2003.10.002 · DOI
- Fornalski, 2006, Photodynamic therapy mechanism of action and adhibition in dermatology, Nowa Med., 4, 71
- Allison, 2010, Oncologic photodynamic therapy photosensitizers: A clinical review, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 7, 61, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.02.001 · DOI
- Taub, 2004, Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: history and horizons, J. Drugs Dermatol., 3, S8
- Abrahamse, 2016, New photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, Biochem. J., 473, 347, 10.1042/BJ20150942 · DOI
- Zhang, 2018, An updated overview on the development of new photosensitizers for anticancer photodynamic therapy, Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 8, 137, 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.09.003 · DOI
- Chatterjee, 2008, Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy: an emerging paradigm, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 60, 1627, 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.003 · DOI
- Yoon, 2013, Advance in photosensitizers and light delivery for photodynamic therapy, Clin. Endosc., 46, 7, 10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.7 · DOI
- Moriwaki, 2018, Synthesis and photophysical properties of S -Mannosylated chlorins and their effect on photocytotoxicity in HeLa cells, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 91, 230, 10.1246/bcsj.20170271 · DOI
- De Rosa, 2000, Photodynamic therapy of skin cancers: sensitizers, clinical studies and future directives, Pharm. Res., 17, 1447, 10.1023/A:1007612905378 · DOI
- Morton, 2002, The emerging role of 5-ALA-PDT in dermatology: is PDT superior to standard treatments?, J. Dermatol. Treat., 13, s25, 10.1080/095466302317414672 · DOI
- Josefsen, 2008, Photodynamic therapy: novel third-generation photosensitizers one step closer?, Br. J. Pharmacol., 154, 1, 10.1038/bjp.2008.98 · DOI
- Kataoka, 2017, New photodynamic therapy with next-generation photosensitizers, Ann. Transl. Med., 5, 183, 10.21037/atm.2017.03.59 · DOI
- Savellano, 2003, Targeting cells that overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor with polyethylene glycolated BPD verteporfin photosensitizer immunoconjugates, Photochem. Photobiol., 77, 431, 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0431:TCTOTE>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
- Shi, 2017, Cancer nanomedicine: progress, challenges and opportunities, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 17, 20, 10.1038/nrc.2016.108 · DOI · Paper page
- Ariga, 2011, Layer-by-layer self-assembled shells for drug delivery, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 63, 762, 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.016 · DOI
- Nakamura, 2017, Significance of optimization of phospholipid poly(Ethylene glycol) quantity for coating carbon nanohorns to achieve low cytotoxicity, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 90, 662, 10.1246/bcsj.20170003 · DOI
- Hamblin, 2015, Nanotechnology for photodynamic therapy: a perspective from the laboratory of Dr. Michael R. Hamblin in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Nanotechnol. Rev., 4, 359, 10.1515/ntrev-2015-0027 · DOI
- Lee, 2011, Polymeric nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy, 151, 10.1007/978-1-61779-052-2_11 · DOI
- Hong, 2016, Targeted and effective photodynamic therapy for cancer using functionalized nanomaterials, Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 6, 297, 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.01.007 · DOI
- Hao, 2017, Multifunctional nanoplatform for enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy and magnetic resonance imaging, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 151, 384, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.039 · DOI
- Rong, 2014, Photosensitizer Loaded Nano-Graphene for Multimodality Imaging Guided Tumor Photodynamic Therapy, Theranostics, 4, 229, 10.7150/thno.8070 · DOI
- Ding, 2011, Photoactivation switch from type II to type I reactions by electron-rich micelles for improved photodynamic therapy of cancer cells under hypoxia, J. Control. Release, 156, 276, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.019 · DOI
- Avci, 2014, Photodynamic therapy: one step ahead with self-assembled nanoparticles, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 10, 1937, 10.1166/jbn.2014.1953 · DOI
- Zeisser-Labouèbe, 2006, Hypericin-loaded nanoparticles for the photodynamic treatment of ovarian cancer, Int. J. Pharm., 326, 174, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.012 · DOI
- Wang, 2011, Novel methods to incorporate photosensitizers into nanocarriers for cancer treatment by photodynamic therapy, Lasers Surg. Med., 43, 686, 10.1002/lsm.21113 · DOI
- Qin, 2011, Methylene blue covalently loaded polyacrylamide nanoparticles for enhanced tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 10, 832, 10.1039/c1pp05022b · DOI
- Tang, 2008, Encapsulation of methylene blue in polyacrylamide nanoparticle platforms protects its photodynamic effectiveness, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 369, 579, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.066 · DOI
- Kuruppuarachchi, 2011, Polyacrylamide nanoparticles as a delivery system in photodynamic therapy, Mol. Pharm., 8, 920, 10.1021/mp200023y · DOI
- Tang, 2005, Photodynamic characterization and in vitro application of methylene blue-containing nanoparticle platforms, Photochem. Photobiol., 81, 242
- Kopecek, 2010, HPMA copolymers: origins, early developments, present, and future, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 62, 122, 10.1016/j.addr.2009.10.004 · DOI
- Yang, 2015, Gold nanoparticle-enhanced photodynamic therapy: effects of surface charge and mitochondrial targeting, Ther. Deliv., 6, 307, 10.4155/tde.14.115 · DOI
- Meyers, 2015, Peptide-targeted gold nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of brain Cancer, Part. Part. Syst. Charact., 32, 448, 10.1002/ppsc.201400119 · DOI
- Xiao, 2011, Porous silicon nanoparticle photosensitizers for singlet oxygen and their phototoxicity against cancer cells, ACS Nano, 5, 3651, 10.1021/nn1035262 · DOI
- Komiyama, 2017, Chemistry can make strict and fuzzy controls for bio-systems: DNA nanoarchitectonics and cell-macromolecular nanoarchitectonics, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 90, 967, 10.1246/bcsj.20170156 · DOI
- Zhang, 2007, Versatile photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy at infrared excitation, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 4526, 10.1021/ja0700707 · DOI
- Choromańska, 2013, Photodynamic therapy – principles, mechanism, clinical applications, Nowa Med., 1, 26
- I. Cozzani, G. Jori, G. Bertoloni, C. Milanesi, P. Carlini, T. Sicuro, A. Ruschi, Efficient photosensitization of malignant human cells in vitro by liposome-bound porphyrins., Chem. Biol. Interact. 53 (n.d.) 131–143 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3995649. · DOI
- Konan, 2002, State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 66, 89, 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00267-6 · DOI
- Paszko, 2011, Nanodrug applications in photodynamic therapy, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 8, 14, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.12.001 · DOI
- Chen, 2005, Liposomal delivery of photosensitising agents, Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 2, 477, 10.1517/17425247.2.3.477 · DOI
- Polo, 2002, Low-density lipoprotein receptors in the uptake of tumour photosensitizers by human and rat transformed fibroblasts, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 34, 10, 10.1016/S1357-2725(01)00092-9 · DOI
- Mazière, 1991, The role of the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway in the delivery of lipophilic photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy of tumours, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 8, 351, 10.1016/1011-1344(91)80111-T · DOI
- Luiza Andreazza, 2016, Int. J. Pharm., 510, 240, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.009 · DOI
- Gehl, 2003, Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research, Acta Physiol. Scand., 177, 437, 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2003.01093.x · DOI
- Potter, 2003, Transfection by electroporation, Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol.
- Reigada, 2014, Electroporation of heterogeneous lipid membranes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Biomembr., 1838, 814, 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.008 · DOI
- Cadossi, 2014, Locally enhanced chemotherapy by electroporation: clinical experiences and perspective of use of electrochemotherapy, Future Oncol., 10, 877, 10.2217/fon.13.235 · DOI
- Labanauskiene, 2009, Enhancement of photodynamic tumor therapy effectiveness by electroporation in vitro, Med. (Kaunas), 45, 372
- Kulbacka, 2011, The influence of electroporation on in vitro photodynamic therapy of human breast carcinoma cells, Folia Biol. (Praha), 57, 112, 10.14712/fb2011057030112 · DOI
- Kulbacka, 2015, Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) impact and enhanced Photofrin II® delivery in photodynamic reaction in cancer and normal cells, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 12, 621, 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.002 · DOI
- Wezgowiec, 2013, Electric field-assisted delivery of photofrin to human breast carcinoma cells, J. Membr. Biol., 246, 725, 10.1007/s00232-013-9533-z · DOI
- Choromanska, 2015, Effects of electrophotodynamic therapy in vitro on human melanoma cells – melanotic (MeWo) and amelanotic (C32), Melanoma Res., 25, 210, 10.1097/CMR.0000000000000153 · DOI
- Kulbacka, 2016, Electroporation and lipid nanoparticles with cyanine IR-780 and flavonoids as efficient vectors to enhanced drug delivery in colon cancer, Bioelectrochemistry, 110, 19, 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.02.013 · DOI
- Zielichowska, 2015, The photodynamic effect of far-red range phthalocyanines (AlPc and Pc green) supported by electropermeabilization in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells of sensitive and resistant type, Biomed. Pharmacother., 69, 145, 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.11.017 · DOI
- Weżgowiec, 2018, Biological effects in photodynamic treatment combined with electropermeabilization in wild and drug resistant breast cancer cells, Bioelectrochemistry, 123, 9, 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.04.008 · DOI
- Wallace, 2009, Tolerability of two sequential electroporation treatments using MedPulser DNA delivery system (DDS) in healthy adults, Mol. Ther., 17, 922, 10.1038/mt.2009.27 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,000
Photoactive Herbal Compounds: A Green Approach to Photodynamic Therapy
Sulaiman, C., George, B., Balachandran, I., & Abrahamse, H. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27165084 · Cited by 35
“The PS molecules absorb the light of specific wavelength and becomes activated which eventually leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce selective destruction of cancer cells [4,5] (Figure 1).”
BackgroundSimonetti, O., Rizzetto, G., Radi, G., Molinelli, E., Cirioni, O., Giacometti, A., & Offidani, A. (2021) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics10111377 · Cited by 41
Zhang, X.-Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C.-N., Yang, C., Tian, R., Sun, T., Zhang, W.-W., Chang, J., & Wang, H.-J. (2021) · Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111640 · Cited by 35
Gum polysaccharide/nanometal hybrid biocomposites in cancer diagnosis and therapy
Makvandi, P., Baghbantaraghdari, Z., Zhou, W., Zhang, Y., Manchanda, R., Agarwal, T., Wu, A., Maiti, T. K., Varma, R. S., & Smith, B. R. (2021) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107711 · Cited by 47
“…photochemical reaction that results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the tumor site, leading to anticancer effects via one or more interrelated mechanisms (such as oxidative stress, damage to tumor vasculature, or induction of inflammatory responses) (Kwiatkowski et al., 2018).”
Niazi, F., Noushad, M., Tanvir, S. B., Ali, S., Al-Khalifa, K., Qamar, Z., & Alsheikh, R. (2020) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101665 · Cited by 35
Microneedles as an Emerging Platform for Transdermal Delivery of Phytochemicals
Gowda, B. H. J., Ahmed, M. G., Thakur, R. R. S., Donnelly, R. F., & Vora, L. K. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00894 · Cited by 40
Dhawan, U., Tseng, C.-L., Wu, P., Liao, M., Wang, H.-Y., Wu, K., & Chung, R. (2023) · Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2023.102652 · Cited by 34
Molecular Effectors of Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Resistance to Cancer Cells
Aniogo, E. C., George, B. P. A., & Abrahamse, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222413182 · Cited by 38
“These are some of the advantages of PDT over the classic treatment strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy [5].”
BackgroundPrussian blue conjugated ZnO nanoparticles for near-infrared light-responsive photocatalysis
Fatima, H., Azhar, M., Khiadani, M., Zhong, Y.-J., Wang, W., Su, C., & Shao, Z.-P. (2021) · Materials Today Energy · doi:10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100895 · Cited by 34
Wang, D., Li, X.-F., Li, X.-F., Kang, A., Sun, L.-H., Sun, M., Yang, F., & Xu, C.-J. (2019) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s214377 · Cited by 34
Nackiewicz, J., Kliber, M., & Skonieczna, M. (2018) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.002 · Cited by 36
Fillaut, J. (2024) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216050 · Cited by 40
Graça, M. F. P., Moreira, A. F., & Correia, I. J. (2024) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105409 · Cited by 29
Photodynamic therapy in periodontitis: A narrative review
Nie, M., Zhang, P.-P., Pathak, J., Wang, X., Wu, Y.-F., Yang, J.-M., & Shen, Y. (2024) · Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12946 · Cited by 33
“11,12 Type I reaction re-leases neutral radical or ionic active groups by transferring with hydrogen or electrons in the tissue or bacteria, further reacting the formation of ROS: hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide anion radical ( ∙ O 2 ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ); while type II reaction…”
BackgroundOvercoming challenges in cancer treatment: Nano‐enabled photodynamic therapy as a viable solution
Rajan, S. S., Chandran, R., & Abrahamse, H. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1942 · Cited by 35
Smart nanomaterials as the foundation of a combination approach for efficient cancer theranostics
Panda, S., Hajra, S., Kaushik, A. K., Rubahn, H., Mishra, Y. K., & Kim, H. J. (2022) · Materials Today Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.101182 · Cited by 42
Manipulate tumor hypoxia for improved photodynamic therapy using nanomaterials
Yi, M., Xiong, B., Li, Y., Guo, W., Huang, Y., & Lü, B. (2022) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115084 · Cited by 41
Zhang, J., Li, Z., Liu, L., Li, L., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2022) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s353330 · Cited by 40
Kobayashi, T., Nitta, M., Shimizu, K., Saito, T., Tsuzuki, S., Fukui, A., Koriyama, S., Kuwano, A., Komori, T., Masui, K., et al. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14020353 · Cited by 33
“The ROS destroy various cellular organelles and tumor blood vessels, thereby destroying the tumor itself [7].”
BackgroundRecent advances in photodynamic therapy based on emerging two-dimensional layered nanomaterials
Wu, X., Jiang, X., Fan, T., Zheng, Z., Liu, Z., Chen, Y., Cao, L., Xie, Z., Zhang, D., Zhao, J., et al. (2020) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-020-2750-8 · Cited by 39
Al-Khureif, A., Mohamed, B. A., Siddiqui, A., Khan, A., & Divakar, D. (2019) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101610 · Cited by 33
Exploring paraptosis as a therapeutic approach in cancer treatment
Chang, L., Chiang, S.-K., Chen, S., & Hung, M. (2024) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-024-01089-4 · Cited by 36
“PDT requires the use of light-sensitive drugs, also called photosensitizers, which, when exposed to a specific wavelength of light, stimulate ROS generation to kill cancer cells [181, 182](Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialMohanty, S., Desai, V. M., Jain, R., Agrawal, M., Dubey, S. K., & Singhvi, G. (2024) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d4ra02564d · Cited by 47
Gonzalo-Navarro, C., Zafon, E., Organero, J. A., Jalón, F. A., Lima, J. C., Espino, G., Rodríguez, A. M., Santos, L., Moro, A. J., Barrabés, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01276 · Cited by 32
Porphyrins—valuable pigments of life
Nikolaou, V., Nikoloudakis, E., Ladomenou, K., Charalambidis, G., & Coutsolelos, A. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Chemical Biology · doi:10.3389/fchbi.2023.1346465 · Cited by 38
Curcumin and analogues against head and neck cancer: From drug delivery to molecular mechanisms
Zhao, C., Zhou, X., Cao, Z., Ye, L., Cao, Y., & Pan, J. (2023) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154986 · Cited by 37
Application of photo-responsive metal-organic framework in cancer therapy and bioimaging
Zhao, Y., Jiang, X. L., Liu, X., Liu, X., Liu, Z., & Liu, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.1031986 · Cited by 41
“In PDT, photo-responsive MOF produces ROS, especially singlet oxygen radicals, upon exposure to light (Kwiatkowski et al., 2018).”
BackgroundHu, X., Li, J., Chen, Y., Long, Q., Bai, Y., Li, R., Wang, K., Jiang, M., Chen, C., Mao, J., et al. (2022) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00620 · Cited by 36
Molybdenum cluster loaded PLGA nanoparticles as efficient tools against epithelial ovarian cancer.
Brandhonneur, N., Boucaud, Y., Verger, A., Dumait, N., Molard, Y., Cordier, S., & Dollo, G. (2020) · International journal of pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120079 · Cited by 32
Shin, D. H., Melnick, K. F., Tran, D. D., & Ghiaseddin, A. P. (2020) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-020-03557-x · Cited by 34
Zhang, L., Li, M., Zhou, Q., Dang, M., Tang, Y., Wang, S., Fu, J., Teng, Z., & Lu, G. (2020) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.003 · Cited by 30
“Pt@PEG-Ce6 has the following advantages: (1) Pt@PEG-Ce6 has good catalase activity, which can react with H2O2 in the tumor site to generate O2 in situ without additional catalytic enzyme and enhance the PDT effect; (2) Pt@PEG-Ce6 is able to generate more ROS upon irradiation to enhance the PDT effect; (3) Pt@PEG-Ce6 h…”
BackgroundGold nanostructures in melanoma: Advances in treatment, diagnosis, and theranostic applications
Dastgheib, Z. S., Abolmaali, S. S., Farahavar, G., Salmanpour, M., & Tamaddon, A. M. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35655 · Cited by 44
Natural Compounds in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Prevention and Treatment
Kowalski, S., Karska, J., Tota, M., Skinderowicz, K., Kulbacka, J., & Drąg‐Zalesińska, M. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29030728 · Cited by 43
Self-citationQiu, Z., Lu, Z., Huang, J., Zhong, Y., Yan, N., Kong, R., & Cheng, H. B. (2023) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122392 · Cited by 32
Li, Z., Li, X., Lu, Y., Zhu, X., Zheng, W., Chen, K., Liu, S., Wu, J., & Guan, W. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202305174 · Cited by 33
Shining a Light on Prostate Cancer: Photodynamic Therapy and Combination Approaches
Wahnou, H., Youlyouz‐Marfak, I., Liagre, B., Sol, V., Oudghiri, M., Duval, R. E., & Limami, Y. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061767 · Cited by 33
“quire PS accumulation in the tumor cells [17,18].”
BackgroundInfluentialManimaran, R., Patel, K. D., Lobo, V. M., Kumbhar, S. S., & Venuganti, V. V. K. (2023) · International journal of pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122991 · Cited by 31
Advancements in photodynamic therapy of esophageal cancer
Bartusik‐Aebisher, D., Osuchowski, M., Adamczyk, M., Stopa, J., Cieślar, G., Kawczyk‐Krupka, A., & Aebisher, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1024576 · Cited by 40
“There were no adverse effects after the procedure (50).”
BackgroundWang, Z., Zhong, H., Liang, X., & Ni, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024921 · Cited by 28
“Novel noninvasive physical approaches with few toxic adverse effects have been used to eliminate GBM cells in translational studies, including photothermal therapy(PTT) (120, 124), photodynamic therapy(PDT) (140), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) (116).”
BackgroundInfluentialAdvances in Antitumor Nano-Drug Delivery Systems of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin
Chen, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Su, M., Xu, F., Yang, L., Jia, L., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s377149 · Cited by 46
“In addition to light triggering, the development of photosensitizers activated by specific triggers such as enzyme-activated has received much attention.(55,56) Lu et al synthesized a cathepsin B-activated photosensitizer, further PEGylated and modified with tumor cell-targeting peptide cRGD and used as a nanocarrier…”
BackgroundLight hybrid micro/nano-robots: From propulsion to functional signals
Gao, Y., Xiong, Z., Wang, J., Tang, J., & Li, D. (2022) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-022-4119-7 · Cited by 41
“For example, a multifunctional magnetic spore (Mag-Spore) was developed with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots functionalization for magnetic actuation and fluorescence imaging respectively [128].”
BackgroundBiocompatible Nanocarriers for Enhanced Cancer Photodynamic Therapy Applications
Kumar, S. S. D., & Abrahamse, H. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13111933 · Cited by 31
Recombinant immunotoxins development for HER2-based targeted cancer therapies
Mahmoudi, R., Dianat‐Moghadam, H., Poorebrahim, M., Siapoush, S., Poortahmasebi, V., Salahlou, R., & Rahmati, M. (2021) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-021-02182-6 · Cited by 34
Medicinal Applications of Coordination Complexes
Mohammed, H., & Tripathi, V. (2020) · Journal of Physics, Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1664/1/012070 · Cited by 31
Photodynamic inactivation of Streptococcus mutans by curcumin in combination with EDTA
Nima, G., Soto‐Montero, J. R., Alves, L. A., Mattos‐Graner, R. O., & Giannini, M. (2020) · Dental Materials · doi:10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.015 · Cited by 30
Sinoporphyrin sodium is a promising sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in glioma
An, Y.-W., Liu, H.-Q., Zhou, Z.-Q., Wang, J.-C., Jiang, G.-Y., Li, Z.-W., Wang, F., & Jin, H. (2020) · Oncology Report · doi:10.3892/or.2020.7695 · Cited by 31
“PDT is widely used in dermatology, pulmonology, urology, and ophthalmology (1).”
BackgroundMartins, T. D., Lima, E., Boto, R. E., Ferreira, D. P., Fernandes, J. R., Almeida, P., Ferreira, L. F. V., Silva, A. M., & Reis, L. V. D. (2020) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma13092083 · Cited by 36
“Photodynamic therapy is a successful and clinically approved medical technique used in the treatment of oncological and non-oncological diseases [1,2], which is based on the interaction between a photosensitizer compound, light stimuli and molecular oxygen [3].”
BackgroundLima, E., Ferreira, O., Silva, J., Santos, A. O., Boto, R. E. F., Fernandes, J. R., Almeida, P., Silvestre, S., & Reis, L. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108024 · Cited by 31
Enzyme-Assisted Photodynamic Therapy Based on Nanomaterials
Du, B., & Tung, C. (2020) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00968 · Cited by 39
VHH-Photosensitizer Conjugates for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Met-Overexpressing Tumor Cells
Heukers, R., Mashayekhi, V., Ramirez-Escudero, M., de Haard, H., Verrips, T. C., Henegouwen, P. M. P. V. B. E., & Oliveira, S. (2019) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib8020026 · Cited by 39
“These factors combined can result in off-target toxicity and long lasting photosensitivity [2,3].”
Ding, R. F., Liu, X., Zhao, X., Sun, Q., Cheng, Y., Li, A., Pei, D., & He, G. (2024) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122536 · Cited by 31
Photodynamic Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus Using Aloe-emodin as Photosensitizer.
Wu, J., Pang, Y., Liu, D., Sun, J.-X., & Bai, W.-B. (2024) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113959 · Cited by 30
Starch-based films doped with porphyrinoid photosensitizers for active skin wound healing
Lopes, P., Joaquinito, A. S. M., Ribeiro, A., Moura, N. M. M., Gomes, A. T. P. C., Guerreiro, S. G., Faustino, M. A. F., Almeida, A., Ferreira, P. C. N., Coimbra, M. A., et al. (2023) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120894 · Cited by 44
A review on the research progress on non-pharmacological therapy of Helicobacter pylori
Luo, Q., Liu, N., Pu, S., Zhuang, Z., Gong, H., & Zhang, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134254 · Cited by 34
Yang, K., Zhang, Z., Du, J., Li, W., & Pei, Z. (2020) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d0cc02001j · Cited by 63
Zheng, Z.-Y., Lin, W., Su, J.-W., Huang, Q., Zhang, C., Pan, W.-X., Li, E., Zhang, H., & Xu, L. (2024) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-024-07283-4 · Cited by 27
Gold Nanoparticles for Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy
Broadbent, M., Chadwick, S., Brust, M., & Volk, M. (2024) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c08797 · Cited by 29
Advances in phototherapy for infectious diseases
Lu, M., Li, S., Liu, Y., Xu, B., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Zhou, D., & Liu, H. (2024) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2024.102327 · Cited by 34
Insight into the Crosstalk between Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer
Jin, H., Liao, S., Yao, F., Li, J., Xu, Z., Zhao, K., Xu, X., & Sun, S. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15051532 · Cited by 28
“Recent studies have suggested that some types of necrosis may be mediated by specific signaling pathways [109,110].”
BackgroundNkune, N. W., & Abrahamse, H. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032656 · Cited by 34
“Despite their extensive application in PDT, these PSs are limited by poor tumor targeting abilities, low chemical purity, dark cytotoxicity, poor absorption and tissue penetration of light due to their strong absorption at short wavelengths (>650 nm), as well as their delayed elimination from healthy tissues [5,24,25].”
BackgroundInfluentialMultifunctional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds: Recent strategies for osteosarcoma treatment
Liu, X., Liu, Y., Qiang, L., Ya, R., Lin, Y., Li, H., Chen, Q., Gao, S., Yang, X., Zhang, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Tissue Engineering · doi:10.1177/20417314231170371 · Cited by 30
Zong, J., Peng, H., Qing, X., Fan, Z., Xu, W., Du, X., Shi, R., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c01346 · Cited by 34
Alqerban, A. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14010048 · Cited by 29
Host-guest complexes - boosting the performance of photosensitizers.
Sowa, A., & Voskuhl, J. (2020) · International journal of pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119595 · Cited by 29
Hu, J., Shi, J.-L., Gao, Y., Yang, W., Liu, P., Liu, Q., He, F., Wang, C.-X., Li, T., Xie, R., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s221496 · Cited by 29
Photo-induced protein oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and medical applications
Fuentes-Lemus, E., & López-Alarcón, C. (2020) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ebc20190044 · Cited by 29
Metal organic framework modulated nanozymes tailored with their biomedical approaches
Sarangi, M. K., Patel, L. D., Rath, G., Nanda, S. S., & Yi, D. K. (2023) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2023.109381 · Cited by 29
Elucidating Berberine’s Therapeutic and Photosensitizer Potential through Nanomedicine Tools
Marques, C., Fernandes, M. H., & Lima, S. A. C. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15092282 · Cited by 29
“For instance, for cutaneous application, a range between 600 and 800 nm should be considered, while for dentistry application, lower wavelengths which are less tissue-penetrating can be used [103].”
BackgroundResearch progress on reactive oxygen species production mechanisms in tumor sonodynamic therapy
Dong, H.-Q., Fu, X.-F., Wang, M., & Zhu, J. (2023) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i22.5193 · Cited by 29
Progress of polymer-based strategies in fungal disease management: Designed for different roles
Wu, S., Guo, W., Li, B., Zhou, H., Meng, H., Sun, J., Li, R., Guo, D., Zhang, X., Li, R., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142029 · Cited by 32
“Similar to the antifungal drugs, a large number of classic PSs such as phthalocyanines (Pcs) and protoporphyrin (Pp) are hydrophobic, and their aggregation in an aqueous medium significantly reduces the photoactivity (Kwiatkowski et al., 2018).”
BackgroundA multi-stimuli responsive alginate nanogel for anticancer chemo-photodynamic therapy
Pillarisetti, S., Vijayan, V., Jayakumar, R., Bardhan, R., Uthaman, S., & Park, I. (2023) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.053 · Cited by 33
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and the advances impacted by the association with nanoparticles
Fabio, G., Martin, B. A., Dalmolin, L. F., & Lopez, R. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104147 · Cited by 28
Anthracene-Bridged Photosensitizers for Effective and Safe Photodynamic Therapy
Gao, J., Yang, H., Lu, Y.-R., Shi, Q.-Q., Xu, S.-D., Wu, W.-B., Hu, F., & Liu, B. (2023) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c03274 · Cited by 28
Plasmonic nanomaterials: A versatile phototheranostic platform of cancers
He, Z., Zhang, C. Y., Lei, Y., Song, G., & Yao, Y. (2022) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2022.11.011 · Cited by 36
Paraboschi, I., Turnock, S., Krämer-Marek, G., Musleh, L., Barisa, M., Anderson, J., & Giuliani, S. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103325 · Cited by 34
Zhang, Z., Rahmat, J. N., Mahendran, R., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202001831 · Cited by 37
Photosensitizers Based on G-Quadruplex Ligand for Cancer Photodynamic Therapy
Kawauchi, K., Urano, R., Kinoshita, N., Kuwamoto, S., Torii, T., Hashimoto, Y., Taniguchi, S., Tsuruta, M., & Miyoshi, D. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11111340 · Cited by 41
“Additionally, the important properti s f photosensitiz rs that need t be considered include low toxicity in the absence of photo-irradiation and high accumulation rate in ancer tissues (Figure 1) [8,9].”
BackgroundZhang, Z., Yu, H.-J., Huang, H.-Y., Wang, H.-H., Wu, S.-R., Liu, H.-Y., & Zhang, H.-T. (2019) · European journal of medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.031 · Cited by 28
Chen, M., Ji, S., Liu, X.-X., Zheng, X., Zhou, M.-J., & Wang, W.-Q. (2025) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01359 · Cited by 27
Holca, A., Cucuiet, V., Aștilean, S., de la Chapelle, M. L., & Focșan, M. (2025) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d4ra09100k · Cited by 27
Merlin, J. P. J., & Abrahamse, H. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117516 · Cited by 35
Nanoparticle-mediated immunogenic cell death for cancer immunotherapy
Qi, H., Li, Y., Geng, Y., Wan, X., & Cai, X. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124045 · Cited by 30
Zou, P., Lin, R., Fang, Z., Chen, J., Guan, H., Yin, J., Chang, Z., Xing, L., Lang, J., Xue, X., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202302731 · Cited by 24
Piksa, M., Fortuna, W., Lian, C., Gacka, M., Samuel, I., Matczyszyn, K., & Pawlik, K. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39363-4 · Cited by 27
Understanding the Photodynamic Therapy Induced Bystander and Abscopal Effects: A Review
Moloudi, K., Sarbadhikary, P., Abrahamse, H., & George, B. P. A. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12071434 · Cited by 29
“Until recently, it was widely believed that the mechanisms of action of PDT were mediated by the direct intracellular generation of ROS, which induces a plethora of direct cellular effects such as abnormal cell death, tumor vasculature damage, and the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses against tum…”
BackgroundFast Fabrication of Multifunctional PCL/Curcumin Nanofibrous Membranes for Wound Dressings
Teodoro, K. B. R., Alvarenga, A. D., Oliveira, L. F. R., Chagas, P. A. M., Lopes, R. G., André, R. S., Mercante, L. A., Alves, F., Stringasci, M. D., Buzzá, H. H., et al. (2023) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.3c00177 · Cited by 28
Didamson, O. C., Chandran, R., & Abrahamse, H. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14194558 · Cited by 31
“In the presence of molecular oxygen, the activated PS, through cascades of photochemical reactions, initiates the selective destruction of tumor and adjacent blood vessels [42,43].”
BackgroundLight-Triggered Polymersome-Based Anticancer Therapeutics Delivery
Becerra, E. H., Quinchía, J., Castro, C. I., & Orozco, J. (2022) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano12050836 · Cited by 38
Research progress of tumor targeted drug delivery based on PD-1/PD-L1
Liu, D., Gao, S., Zhai, Y., Yang, X., & Zhai, G. (2022) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121527 · Cited by 30
Le, T. D., Phasupan, P., Visaruthaphong, K., Chouwatat, P., Vu, T. T., & Nguyen, L. (2021) · Food Packaging and Shelf Life · doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100749 · Cited by 27
Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Immune Responses in Three-Dimensional Tumor Models
Nkune, N. W., Simelane, N. W. N., Montaseri, H., & Abrahamse, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312618 · Cited by 29
“Photoexcitation of a mitochondrion-localized PS triggers the release of cytochrome C, which in turn activates apoptosis caspase [74].”
BackgroundAmissah, F., Andey, T., & Ahlschwede, K. M. (2021) · Journal of Oral Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.job.2021.09.002 · Cited by 27
Metal-organic frameworks for diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases
Quijia, C. R., Alves, R. C., Hanck-Silva, G., Frem, R. C. G., Arroyos, G., & Chorilli, M. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.1080/1040841x.2021.1950120 · Cited by 47
“Photodynamic therapy (PDT), based both on photosensitizers (PS) or the activation of light-absorbing molecules (drugs), can be used to treat infectious diseases (Kwiatkowski et al. 2018).”
BackgroundYüzeroğlu, M., Karaoğlan, G. K., Köse, G. G., & Erdoğmuş, A. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130423 · Cited by 27
Biological membrane derived nanomedicines for cancer therapy
Sun, L., Xiong, Z., Shen, F., Wang, Z., & Liu, Z. (2021) · Science China Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s11426-020-9943-9 · Cited by 37
Zhdanova, K., Savelyeva, I., Ignatova, A., Gradova, M., Gradov, O., Lobanov, A., Feofanov, A., Mironov, A. F., & Bragina, N. A. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108561 · Cited by 27
Chi, J., Ma, Q.-M., Shen, Z., Ma, C., Zhu, W., Han, S.-C., Liang, Y., Cao, J., & Sun, Y. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/c9nr10674j · Cited by 27
Ding, Q., Chen, S., Hua, S., Yoo, J., Yoon, C., Li, Z., Zhao, E., Kim, J. S., & Gu, M. (2025) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d5cs00608b · Cited by 28
Keyvani, A. H., Mohammadnejad, P., Pazoki–Toroudi, H., Gilabert, I. P., Chu, T., Manshian, B. B., Soenen, S. J., & Sohrabi, B. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c15536 · Cited by 26
Shabnum, S. S., Siranjeevi, R., Raj, C. K., Saravanan, A., Vickram, A. S., Chopra, H., & Malik, T. (2024) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d4ra07114j · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- Kwiatkowski, S., Knap, B., Przystupski, D., Saczko, J., Kędzierska, E., Knap-Czop, K., Kotlińska, J., Michel, O., Kotowski, K., & Kulbacka, J.
- Affiliations
- Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
- Medical University of Lublin (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Kulbacka, Julita
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 106
- Pages
- 1098-1107
- ISSN
- 0753-3322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2884145325
- Cited by
- 2,173
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 360 · 2024: 404 · 2023: 362 · 2022: 340 · 2021: 272 · 2020: 174 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 22.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Slaskich we Wroclawiu
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie
- Servier
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
- Keywords
- photodynamic therapy, photosensitizers, photocytotoxicity, targeted drug delivery, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, combination therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drug Carriers, Humans, Neoplasms, Photochemotherapy, Drug Delivery Systems, Photosensitizing Agents, Nanomedicine, Electrochemotherapy, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
