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Cited by 130Child Nutrition and Feeding IssuesAutism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGastrointestinal motility and disorders

Relationship of dietary intake to gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorders

Levy, Susan E., Souders, Margaret C., Ittenbach, Richard F., Giarelli, Ellen, Mulberg, Andrew E., Pinto-Martin, Jennifer A.·2007·Biological Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.013
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Abstract

Background Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and abnormalities in stool consistency are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The purpose of this study was to 1) describe dietary intake of a cohort of children with ASD compared with normative data and 2) determine whether GI symptoms and stool consistency are related to dietary intake.Methods Data from diet diaries of children (3-8 years) with ASD (n = 62) were analyzed by a registered pediatric dietician to compare to RDA standards for total calories, protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Dietary intake was correlated with descriptors of stool consistency using cumulative logistic regression methods.Results Intake of calories, carbohydrates, and fat were in the average range; protein intake was increased (211% of RDA). Reported frequency of GI abnormalities, including abnormal stool consistency (e.g., bulky or loose), was increased (54%). No statistically significant relationships between stool consistency and dietary intake were observed.Conclusions In this sample, there was a high rate of reported gastrointestinal symptoms, despite lack of medical causes. Intake was adequate for calories and carbohydrates and increased for protein. The children did not exhibit excessive carbohydrate intake. There was no association of nutrient intake to changes in stool consistency.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.013

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  • Protein intake in ASD children is adequate or quite similar to that of typically developing children.

    “Protein intake was adequate or quite similar to that of typically developing children [69,72,73,74,75,76,77].”

    From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [74]

  • Many studies show ASD children have a considerably smaller variety of foods but no overall differences in total calories, carbohydrates, or fat intakes compared with typically developing children, suggesting satiety mechanisms are not impaired.

    “However, in many studies children with ASDs show a considerably smaller variety of foods, but authors report no overall differences in their total calories, carbohydrates, or fat intakes [62,71,72,73,74], suggesting that their satiety mechanisms are not impaired.”

    From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [74]

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Authors
Levy, S. E., Souders, M. C., Ittenbach, R. F., Giarelli, E., Mulberg, A. E., & Pinto-Martin, J. A.
Affiliations
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
Corresponding author
Levy, Susan E.
ORCID
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-02
Volume
61
Issue
4
Pages
492-497
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.013
OpenAlex
W1980955239
Cited by
130
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (2T73 MC 00035 09, 541247)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR 00240, M01RR000240)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD026979, 3P30 HD26979-04S2)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, gastrointestinal symptoms, dietary intake, stool consistency, children, protein intake, diet diaries, nutritional adequacy
MeSH terms
Autistic Disorder, Energy Intake, Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Eating, Female, Gastrointestinal Agents, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Male, Secretin, Cohort Studies, Cross-Over Studies

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