Gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of children with pervasive developmental disorders
Abstract
Objective To evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) problems in a large, well-characterized sample of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Methods One hundred seventy two children entering one of two trials conducted by the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology (RUPP) Autism Network were assessed comprehensively prior to starting treatment and classified with regard to GI symptoms. Results Thirty nine (22.7%) were positive for GI problems, primarily constipation and diarrhea. Those with GI problems were no different from subjects without GI problems in demographic characteristics, measures of adaptive functioning, or autism symptom severity. Compared to children without GI problems, those with GI problems showed greater symptom severity on measures of irritability, anxiety, and social withdrawal. Those with GI problems were also less likely to respond to treatment.
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Heightened stress and anxiety, rigid-compulsive behavior, and sleep problems have been shown to be associated with GI symptoms in ASD, especially constipation.
“Heightened stress and anxiety, rigid-compulsive behavior, and sleep problems, have been shown to be associated with GI symptoms in ASD, especially constipation (6, 11, 12, 16–19).”
From The Relationship Among Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Problem Behaviors, and Internalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
The presence of GI disorders together with food selectivity could constitute a specific clinical phenotype characterized by frequent problematic behaviors such as anxiety, self-aggression, and sleep problems resulting from both conditions.
“The presence of GI disorders together with food selectivity could constitute a specific clinical phenotype [31,127,135], characterized by frequent problematic behaviors, such as anxiety, self-aggression, sleep problems, resulting from both conditions [136].”
From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in ASD varies from 23% to 70%.
“Although the connection between gastrointestinal problems and autism is still not resolved and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms varies from 23 to 70% [31,125,126,127,128,129].”
From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In studies on 140-170 children with ASD, 24-63% had a history of at least one GI symptom, including diarrhea or unformed stools, constipation, bloating, and/or gastroesophageal reflux.
“In the literature, we have found in-depth studies on 140–170 children with ASD, of which 24–63% had a history of at least one GI symptom, including: diarrhea or unformed stools, constipation, bloating, and/or gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) [31,125,131,132].”
From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
ASD participants with GI symptoms display higher measures of irritability, anxiety and social withdrawal.
“ASD participants with GI symptoms display higher measures of irritability, anxiety and social withdrawal [15].”
From Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
The incidence of these symptoms may be due in part to the presence of an abnormal microbiota as well as aberrant immune function in the GI tracts of these children.
“The incidence of these symptoms may be due in part to the presence of an abnormal microbiota as well as aberrant immune function in the GI tracts of these children [11, 15, 18].”
From Pilot study of probiotic/colostrum supplementation on gut function in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Nikolov, R. N., Bearss, K. E., Lettinga, J., Erickson, C., Rodowski, M., Aman, M. G., McCracken, J. T., McDougle, C. J., Tierney, E., Vitiello, B., Arnold, L. E., Shah, B., Posey, D. J., Ritz, L., & Scahill, L.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scahill, Lawrence
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
- Published
- 2008-09-13
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 405-413
- ISSN
- 0162-3257 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-3432
- OpenAlex
- W2134645798
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Yale University
- National Institutes of Health (n01mh070001-008, n01mh070010-001, n01mh080011-005)
- National Institute of Mental Health (N01-MH-80011, N01 MH 70010, N01 MH-70001, N0MH70009)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- gastrointestinal symptoms, pervasive developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, constipation, diarrhea, irritability, anxiety, social withdrawal, treatment response, children
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Anxiety, Autistic Disorder, Child, Child, Preschool, Constipation, Diarrhea, Female, Humans, Male, Severity of Illness Index, Social Behavior Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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