The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex Differences in Striatal Dopamine Release in Young Adults After Oral Alcohol Challenge: A Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study With [11C]Raclopride
Open accessAbstract
Background We used a positron emission tomography paradigm with the D2/3 radiotracer [¹¹C]raclopride and an alcohol challenge to examine the magnitude of alcohol-induced dopamine release and compare it between young men and women.Methods Twenty-one nonalcohol-dependent young social drinkers completed two positron emission tomography scans on separate days following ingestion of a juice mix containing either ethanol (.75 mg/kg body water) or trace ethanol only. The extent of dopamine released after alcohol was estimated by the percentage difference in [¹¹C]raclopride binding potential (ΔBP(ND)) between days.Results Alcohol administration significantly displaced [¹¹C]raclopride in all striatal subregions, indicating dopamine release, with the largest effect observed in the ventral striatum. Linear mixed model analysis across all striatal subregions of regional ΔBP(ND) with region of interest as repeated measure showed a highly significant effect of sex (p < .001). Ventrostriatal dopamine release in men, but not in women, showed a significant positive correlation to alcohol-induced measures of subjective activation. Furthermore, we found a significant negative correlation between the frequency of maximum alcohol consumption per 24 hours and ventrostriatal ΔBP(ND) (r = .739, p = .009) in men.Conclusions This study provides definitive evidence that oral alcohol induces dopamine release in nonalcoholic human subjects and shows sex differences in the magnitude of this effect. The ability of alcohol to stimulate dopamine release may contribute to its rewarding effects and, thereby, to its abuse liability in humans. Our report further suggests several biological mechanisms that may mediate the difference in vulnerability for alcoholism between men and women.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In humans, consistent with animal studies, oral doses of alcohol increased extracellular dopamine concentrations during intoxication in healthy volunteers, based on positron emission tomography measures (Boileau et al., 2003;Urban et al., 2010).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Urban et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
Di Chiara, G., & Imperato, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.14.5274 · Cited by 4,733
Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Ogburn, E., & Grant, B. F. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830 · Cited by 2,908
Wise, R. A., & Rompre, P.-P. (1989) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001203 · Cited by 1,968
Watson, P. E., Watson, I. D., & Rd, B. (1980) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/33.1.27 · Cited by 1,477
Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory roles
Moal, M. L., & Simon, H. (1991) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1991.71.1.155 · Cited by 1,108
Schuckit, M. A. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60009-x · Cited by 715
Development and Validation of the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale
Martin, C. S., Earleywine, M., Musty, R. E., Perrine, M. W., & Swift, R. M. (1993) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00739.x · Cited by 683
Alcohol promotes dopamine release in the human nucleus accumbens
Boileau, I., Assaad, J., Pihl, R. O., Benkelfat, C., Leyton, M., Diksic, M., Tremblay, R. E., & Dagher, A. (2003) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10226 · Cited by 591
Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Mawlawi, O., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Cooper, T., Kegeles, L., Zarahn, E., Abi-Dargham, A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000048520.34839.1a · Cited by 569
Self-citationComputational anatomy with the SPM software
Ashburner, J. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2009.01.006 · Cited by 565
Mawlawi, O., Martinez, D., Slifstein, M., Broft, A., Chatterjee, R., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Simpson, N., Ngo, K., Van Heertum, R., et al. (2001) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200109000-00002 · Cited by 525
Self-citationVolkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., Pradhan, K., & Wong, C. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3371-07.2007 · Cited by 494
Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum
Martinez, D., Gil, R., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Perez, A., Kegeles, L., Talbot, P., Evans, S., Krystal, J., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.044 · Cited by 445
Self-citationDistribution of D1- and D2-Dopamine Receptors, and Dopamine and Its Metabolites in the Human Brain
Hall, H., Sedvall, G., Magnusson, O., Kopp, J., Halldin, C., & Farde, L. (1994) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1380111 · Cited by 441
Sulzer, D., & Rayport, S. (1990) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90339-h · Cited by 389
Sex Differences in Striatal Dopamine Release in Healthy Adults
Munro, C. A., McCaul, M. E., Wong, D. F., Oswald, L. M., Zhou, Y., Brašić, J. R., Kuwabara, H., Kumar, A., Alexander, M., Ye, W., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.008 · Cited by 361
Drugs and Reinforcement Mechanisms: A Critical Review of the Catecholamine Theory
Fibiger, H. C. (1978) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.18.040178.000345 · Cited by 293
The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism.
Begleiter, H., Reich, T., HESSELBROCK, V. M., & Bernice Porjesz, A. (1995) · PubMed Central · Cited by 276
Imaging D2 Receptor Occupancy by Endogenous Dopamine in Humans
Laruelle, M. (1997) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00043-2 · Cited by 264
Regional brain levels of monoamines in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring lines of rats
Murphy, J. M., McBride, W. J., Lumeng, L., & Li, T. (1982) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(82)90026-0 · Cited by 257
The role of affective processes in learning and motivation.
Young, P. T. (1959) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0045997 · Cited by 229
Brain SPECT Imaging of Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder Patients
Anand, A., Verhoeff, P., Seneca, N., Zoghbi, S. S., Seibyl, J. P., Charney, D. S., & Innis, R. B. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1108 · Cited by 222
Ventral Striatal Dopamine Release in Response to Smoking a Regular vs a Denicotinized Cigarette
Brody, A. L., Mandelkern, M. A., Olmstead, R. E., Allen-Martinez, Z., Scheibal, D., Abrams, A. L., Costello, M. R., Farahi, J., Saxena, S., Monterosso, J., et al. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2008.87 · Cited by 183
The natural history of adolescent alcohol use disorders
Clark, D. B. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00851.x · Cited by 172
The histories of withdrawal convulsions and delirium tremens in 1648 alcohol dependent subjects
Schuckit, M. A., TIPP, J. E., Reich, T., HESSELBROCK, V. M., & Bucholz, K. K. (1995) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1995.901013355.x · Cited by 168
Release of dopamine via the human transporter.
Eshleman, A., Henningsen, R. A., Neve, K., & Janowsky, A. (1994) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(25)09929-8 · Cited by 168
Densities of dopamine D2 receptors are reduced in CNS regions of alcohol-preferring P rats
McBride, W. J., Chernet, E., Dyr, W., Lumeng, L., & Li, T.-K. (1993) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(93)90025-j · Cited by 160
Mereu, G., & Gessa, G. L. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91249-1 · Cited by 154
Focal application of alcohols elevates extracellular dopamine in rat brain: a microdialysis study
Wozniak, K. M., Pert, A., Mele, A., & Linnoila, M. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90489-i · Cited by 147
Alcohol Self‐Administration: Role of Mesolimbic Dopaminea
Samson, H. H., Tolliver, G. A., Haraguchi, M., & Hodge, C. W. (1992) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25971.x · Cited by 125
Mechanism of action of cocaine and amphetamine in the brain
van Rossum, J. M., van der Schoot, J. B., & Hurkmans, J. A. T. M. (1962) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02148316 · Cited by 122
Yim, H. J., Schallert, T. J., Randall, P. K., & Gonzales, R. A. (1998) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03662.x · Cited by 116
Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine release measured with PET and [18F] fallypride
Slifstein, M., Kegeles, L. S., Xu, X., Thompson, J. L., Urban, N., Castrillon, J., Hackett, E., Bae, S. ‐., Laruelle, M., & Abi‐Dargham, A. (2010) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20734 · Cited by 115
Self-citationTeesson, M., Baillie, A., Lynskey, M. T., Manor, B. R., & Degenhardt, L. J. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.06.007 · Cited by 89
Heterogeneous Effects of Alcohol on Dopamine Release in the Striatum: A PET Study
Yoder, K. K., Constantinescu, C. C., Kareken, D. A., Normandin, M. D., Cheng, T., O’Connor, S., & Morris, E. D. (2007) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00390.x · Cited by 85
Katner, S. N., & Weiss, F. (2001) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02199.x · Cited by 85
Ethanol Excitation of Dopaminergic Ventral Tegmental Area Neurons Is Blocked by Quinidine
Appel, S. B., Liu, Z., McElvain, M. A., & Brodie, M. S. (2003) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.050963 · Cited by 82
Doyon, W. M., Anders, S. K., Ramachandra, V. S., Czachowski, C. L., & Gonzales, R. A. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03137.x · Cited by 79
Murphy, J. M., McBride, W. J., Gatto, G. J., Lumeng, L., & Li, T. (1988) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(88)90291-2 · Cited by 78
Maisto, S. A., Sobell, L. C., Cooper, A. M., & Sobell, M. B. (1982) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(82)90022-3 · Cited by 73
A PET study of D2 dopamine receptor density at different phases of the menstrual cycle
Nordström, A., Olsson, H., & Halldin, C. (1998) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(98)00021-3 · Cited by 72
Abi‐Dargham, A., Kegeles, L. S., Martínez, D., Innis, R. B., & Laruelle, M. A. (2003) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.08.007 · Cited by 72
Self-citationRelationship of Age of First Drink to Child Behavioral Problems and Family Psychopathology
Samuel Kuperman, C., Chan, G., Kramer, J., Bierut, L. J., Bucholz, K. K., Fox, L. W., HESSELBROCK, V. M., Nürnberger, J. I., Reich, T., Reich, W., et al. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000183190.32692.c7 · Cited by 68
Howard, E. C., Schier, C. J., Wetzel, J., Duvauchelle, C. L., & Gonzales, R. A. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.014 · Cited by 66
Yoder, K. K., Morris, E. D., Constantinescu, C. C., Cheng, T., Normandin, M. D., O’Connor, S., & Kareken, D. A. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00821.x · Cited by 66
Bustamante, D., Quintanilla, M. E., Tampier, L., González-Lira, V., Israel, Y., & Herrera‐Marschitz, M. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.069 · Cited by 55
Age‐related loss of extrastriatal dopamine D2‐like receptors in women
Kaasinen, V., Kemppainen, N. M., Någren, K., Helenius, H. Y. M., Kurki, T. J. I., & Rinne, J. O. (2002) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00895.x · Cited by 51
Keyes, K. M., Geier, T. J., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2009) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00894.x · Cited by 42
Ramachandra, V. S., Phuc, S., Franco, A. C., & Gonzales, R. A. (2007) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00463.x · Cited by 41
Effect of ethanol on [3H]Dopamine release in rat nucleus accumbens and striatal slices
Russell, V. A., Lamm, M. C. L., & Taljaard, J. J. F. (1988) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/bf01268885 · Cited by 41
Dopamine Release During Ethanol Drinking in AA Rats
Nurmi, M., Sinclair, J. D., & Kiianmaa, K. (1998) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03959.x · Cited by 31
Alcohol, Europe and the developing countries
Saxena, S. (1997) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03394.x · Cited by 30
Effect of Ethanol on Extracellular Dopamine in Rat Striatum by Direct Perfusion with Microdialysis
Yim, H. J., Schallert, T. J., Randall, P. K., Bungay, P. M., & Gonzales, R. A. (1997) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68041527.x · Cited by 21
Immune Disturbances in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Modulation by Antidepressive Treatments
Maes, M. H. J., Vandoolaeghe, E., Hunsel, F. V., Bril, T., Demedts, P., Wauters, A., & Neels, H. M. (1997) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1077(199703/04)12:2 · Cited by 19
Alcohol, Europe and the developing countries
Saxena, S. (1997) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.92.3s1.10.x · Cited by 15
Snape, B. M., & Engel, J. (1988) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(88)90003-2 · Cited by 14
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Narendran, 2004, Measurement of in vivo affinity of [11C]NPA and the proportion of D2 receptors configured in agonist high affinity state (%Rhigh) in baboons using PET, Neuroimage, 22, T19
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications
Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3119 · Cited by 2,749
Sex and gender differences in substance use disorders
McHugh, R. K., Votaw, V. R., Sugarman, D. E., & Greenfield, S. F. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.012 · Cited by 1,076
Erol, A., & Karpyak, V. M. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023 · Cited by 1,022
Carvalho, A. F., Heilig, M. A., Perez, A., Probst, C., & Rehm, J. T. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31775-1 · Cited by 714
The dopamine theory of addiction: 40 years of highs and lows
Nutt, D., Lingford-Hughes, A. R., Erritzøe, D., & Stokes, P. R. A. (2015) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3939 · Cited by 696
Metadata
- Authors
- Urban, N. B. L., Kegeles, L. S., Slifstein, M., Xu, X., Martinez, D., Sakr, E., Castillo, F., Moadel, T., O'Malley, S. S., Krystal, J. H., & Abi-Dargham, A.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Urban, Nina B.L.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 689-696
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2949533
- OpenAlex
- W2014500606
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- Yale University (P50AA-012870-09)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- sex differences, dopamine release, striatum, alcohol challenge, [11C]raclopride, ventral striatum, alcohol reward, drinking frequency, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Carbon Radioisotopes, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Radioligand Assay, Sex Characteristics, Raclopride, Positron-Emission Tomography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
