Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum
Abstract
Background A decrease in dopamine type 2 receptors (D2) and mesolimbic dopamine transmission predisposes animals to consume alcohol. This study measured D2 receptors and dopamine transmission in human alcohol-dependent (AD) subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]raclopride.Methods Fifteen AD and 15 healthy control (HC) subjects were scanned before and after a psychostimulant challenge (amphetamine .3 mg/kg intravenous). The outcome measures for baseline D2 receptor availability were binding potential (BP) and the equilibrium partition coefficient (V3''). Amphetamine-induced [11C]raclopride displacement was measured as the difference in V3'' between the two scans.Results [11C]raclopride BP was significantly reduced by 16.6% in the limbic striatum, 19.2% in the associative striatum, and 21.3% in the sensorimotor striatum in AD subjects compared with HC. The alcohol-dependent subjects showed a blunting of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the limbic striatum: [11C]raclopride displacement was -5.2% +/- 3.6% in AD subjects compared with -13.0% +/- 8.8% in HC. However, no significant difference in [11C]raclopride displacement was seen in the associative (-4.6% +/- 5.8% in AD subjects vs. -6.7 +/- 5.4% in HC) and sensorimotor (-12.3% +/- 7.3% in AD subjects vs. -13.7 +/- 7.5% in HC) subdivisions of the striatum between the two groups.Conclusions Alcohol dependence was associated with a decrease in D2 receptors in each striatal subdivision, whereas amphetamine-induced dopamine release was reduced in the limbic striatum only.
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Alcohol dependence is associated with decreased D2 receptor availability in the striatum, replicated in additional studies, although some groups report no difference.
“In alcohol dependence, Hietala et al (Hietala et al., 1994) showed a decrease in D2 receptor availability in the striatum and this has now been replicated in additional studies (Heinz et al., 2005; Heinz et al., 2004; Martinez et al., 2005; Volkow et al., 1996; Volkow et al., 2002b; Volkow et al., 2007b), although some groups report a lack of a difference”
From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as Martinez et al., 2005
Blunted stimulant-induced dopamine release has been shown in cocaine abuse, alcohol dependence, opiate dependence, methamphetamine abuse, and cigarette smoking.
“This finding has been shown in cocaine abuse (Malison et al., 1999; Martinez et al., 2011; Martinez et al., 2007; Volkow et al., 1997), alcohol dependence (Martinez et al., 2005; Volkow et al., 2007b), opiate dependence (Martinez et al., 2012), methamphetamine abuse (Wang et al., 2012), and cigarette smoking (Busto et al., 2009)”
From Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity (2014) · cites this paper as Martinez et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Martinez, D., Gil, R., Slifstein, M., Hwang, D.-R., Huang, Y., Perez, A., Kegeles, L., Talbot, P., Evans, S., Krystal, J., Laruelle, M., & Abi-Dargham, A.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 779-786
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1988922574
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 6.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa012759-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01 AA12759-0)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00645, M01RR000645)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- alcoholism, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine signaling, ventral striatum, limbic striatum, amphetamine-induced dopamine release, [11C]raclopride, mesolimbic dopamine system, receptor availability, striatal subregions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Basal Ganglia, Carbon Radioisotopes, Dextroamphetamine, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Limbic System, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Inhibition, Synaptic Transmission, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Raclopride, Positron-Emission Tomography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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