Basic abnormalities in visual processing affect face processing at an early age in autism spectrum disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background A detailed visual processing style has been noted in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); this contributes to problems in face processing and has been directly related to abnormal processing of spatial frequencies (SFs). Little is known about the early development of face processing in ASD and the relation with abnormal SF processing. We investigated whether young ASD children show abnormalities in low spatial frequency (LSF, global) and high spatial frequency (HSF, detailed) processing and explored whether these are crucially involved in the early development of face processing.Methods Three- to 4-year-old children with ASD (n = 22) were compared with developmentally delayed children without ASD (n = 17). Spatial frequency processing was studied by recording visual evoked potentials from visual brain areas while children passively viewed gratings (HSF/LSF). In addition, children watched face stimuli with different expressions, filtered to include only HSF or LSF.Results Enhanced activity in visual brain areas was found in response to HSF versus LSF information in children with ASD, in contrast to control subjects. Furthermore, facial-expression processing was also primarily driven by detail in ASD.Conclusions Enhanced visual processing of detailed (HSF) information is present early in ASD and occurs for neutral (gratings), as well as for socially relevant stimuli (facial expressions). These data indicate that there is a general abnormality in visual SF processing in early ASD and are in agreement with suggestions that a fast LSF subcortical face processing route might be affected in ASD. This could suggest that abnormal visual processing is causative in the development of social problems in ASD.
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Individuals with ASD show stronger responses to high spatial frequency stimuli and weaker responses to low spatial frequency stimuli.
“Individuals with ASD show stronger responses to high spatial frequency stimuli, but weaker responses to low spatial frequency stimuli (Vlamings et al., 2010).”
From Behavioral, Perceptual, and Neural Alterations in Sensory and Multisensory Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Vlamings et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Vlamings, P. H. J. M., Jonkman, L. M., van Daalen, E., van der Gaag, R. J., & Kemner, C.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Vlamings, Petra Hendrika Johanna Maria
- ORCID
- Jonkman, Lisa Marthe
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1107-1113
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2053577316
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, face processing, spatial frequency processing, low spatial frequency, high spatial frequency, facial expression perception, visual evoked potentials, early childhood
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Developmental Disabilities, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Facial Expression, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Visual Perception
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