“Lacking warmth”: alexithymia trait is related to warm-specific thermal somatosensory processing
Open accessAbstract
Alexithymia is a personality trait involving deficits in emotional processing. The personality construct has been extensively validated, but the underlying neural and physiological systems remain controversial. One theory suggests that low-level somatosensory mechanisms act as somatic markers of emotion, underpinning cognitive and affective impairments in alexithymia. In two separate samples (total N=100), we used an established Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) battery to probe multiple neurophysiological submodalities of somatosensation, and investigated their associations with the widely-used Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Experiment one found reduced sensitivity to warmth in people with higher alexithymia scores, compared to individuals with lower scores, without deficits in other somatosensory submodalities. Experiment two replicated this result in a new group of participants using a full-sample correlation between threshold for warm detection and TAS-20 scores. We discuss the relations between low-level thermoceptive function and cognitive processing of emotion.
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Alexithymia is associated with reduced perception of thermal sensation.
“another study reported that alexithymia was associated with reduced perception of thermal sensation (Borhani et al., 2017).”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Borhani et al., 2017
The Discussion reports lower sensitivity to non-noxious warmth in people with high alexithymia. The claim broadens this to thermal sensation generally, whereas the paper says perception of innocuous cold and noxious heat was unaffected. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Millard, R. W., & Kinsler, B. L. (1992) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(92)90033-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cardiac and Other Visceral Afferents
Longhurst, J. C., & Fu, L. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386525-0.00035-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
ALEXITHYMIA IS NOT RELATED TO TOLERANCE FOR COLD PRESSOR PAIN
Jackson, T., Nagasaka, T., Fritch, A. M., & Gunderson, J. (2002) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2002.94.2.487 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Porcelli P. Sonino N. Psychological factors affecting medical conditions: A new classification for DSM-V Vol. 28 2007 Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Murphy, J., Brewer, R., Hobson, H., Catmur, C., & Bird, G. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.010 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review
Brewer, R., Murphy, J., & Bird, G. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Trevisan, D. A., Altschuler, M. R., Bagdasarov, A., Carlos, C., Duan, S., Hamo, E., Kala, S., McNair, M. L., Parker, T., Stahl, D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000454 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The relationship between heartbeat counting and heartbeat discrimination: A meta-analysis
Hickman, L., Seyedsalehi, A., Cook, J. L., Bird, G., & Murphy, J. (2020) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107949 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
- Authors
- Borhani, K., Làdavas, E., Fotopoulou, A., & Haggard, P.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Haggard, Patrick
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 128
- Pages
- 132-140
- ISSN
- 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5595273
- OpenAlex
- W2736860840
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ESRC Professorial Fellowship
- ERC Advanced Grant HUMVOL
- FARB University of Bologna Grant
- European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant (ERC-2012-526-GA313755)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- alexithymia, thermosensation, emotional processing, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, quantitative sensory testing, personality traits
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Female, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hypesthesia, Male, Case-Control Studies, Touch Perception, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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