Thermosensory activation of insular cortex
Abstract
Temperature sensation is regarded as a submodality of touch, but evidence suggests involvement of insular cortex rather than parietal somatosensory cortices. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we found contralateral activity correlated with graded cooling stimuli only in the dorsal margin of the middle/posterior insula in humans. This corresponds to the thermoreceptive- and nociceptive-specific lamina I spinothalamocortical pathway in monkeys, and can be considered an enteroceptive area within limbic sensory cortex. Because lesions at this site can produce the post-stroke central pain syndrome, this finding supports the proposal that central pain results from loss of the normal inhibition of pain by cold. Notably, perceived thermal intensity was well correlated with activation in the right (ipsilateral) anterior insular and orbitofrontal cortices.
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The perspective on AIC as part of hierarchical predictive coding explains AIC involvement across low-level autonomic and sensorimotor to high-level cognitive and social domains.
“This perspective on the AIC as an integral part of hierarchical predictive coding in the brain explains the involvement of AIC across low-level autonomic and sensorimotor (Craig et al., 2000; Sterzer and Kleinschmidt, 2010; Fan et al., 2012) to high-level cognitive and social (Montague and Lohrenz, 2007; King-Casas et al., 2008; Bossaerts, 2010; Kirk et al., 2011) domains.”
From Anterior insular cortex and emotional awareness (2013) · cites this paper as Craig et al., 2000
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- Authors
- Craig, A. D., Chen, K., Bandy, D., & Reiman, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Barrow Neurological Institute (US)
- Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Craig, A. D.
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 184-190
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W1990876814
- Cited by
- 1,004
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 15.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- thermosensation, insula, nociception, central pain, stroke, anterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cold Temperature, Differential Threshold, Female, Hand, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Physical Stimulation, Thermosensing, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Linear Models, Prosencephalon
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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