The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Eyeglasses-based tear biosensing system: Non-invasive detection of alcohol, vitamins and glucose
Open accessAbstract
We report on a wearable tear bioelectronic platform, integrating a microfluidic electrochemical detector into an eyeglasses nose-bridge pad, for non-invasive monitoring of key tear biomarkers. The alcohol-oxidase (AOx) biosensing fluidic system allowed real-time tear collection and direct alcohol measurements in stimulated tears, leading to the first wearable platform for tear alcohol monitoring. Placed outside the eye region this fully wearable tear-sensing platform addresses drawbacks of sensor systems involving direct contact with the eye as the contact lenses platform. Integrating the wireless electronic circuitry into the eyeglasses frame thus yielded a fully portable, convenient-to-use fashionable sensing device. The tear alcohol sensing concept was demonstrated for monitoring of alcohol intake in human subjects over multiple drinking courses, displaying good correlation to parallel BAC measurements. We also demonstrate for the first time the ability to monitor tear glucose outside the eye and the utility of wearable devices for monitoring vitamin nutrients in connection to enzymatic flow detector and rapid voltammetric scanning, respectively. These developments pave the way to build an effective eyeglasses system capable of chemical tear analysis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Despite some efforts, several challenges remain, such as difficulty in sampling tears, small sample volumes, issues with fast evaporation, dependence of tear composition on emotional or mechanical stimulation, and reliable operation of fully integrated wireless sensing platforms [126,152].”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [152]
In the citing paper
“In one of the most recent works, Sempionatto et al. [152] used a non-invasive wearable tear biosensor system mounted on eyeglasses for real-time monitoring of different analytes, including alcohol, vitamins such as vitamin B2 and B6, and glucose in tears (Figure 6c).”
From The emergence of AI-based wearable sensors for digital health technology: a review (2023) · cites this paper as [152]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis
Gao, W., Emaminejad, S., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Challa, S., Chen, K., Peck, A., Fahad, H. M., Ota, H., Shiraki, H., Kiriya, D., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16521 · Cited by 5,087 · cited 1×
“Wearable chemical sensors have thus been integrated into a variety of body conformable platforms ranging from wristbands (Gao et al., 2016) and temporary tattoos (Bandodkar et al., 2015) to textiles (Jeerapan et al., 2016) and from mouthguard (Kim et al., 2015) to contact lenses (Park et al.,…”
BackgroundLab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring
Liu, Y., Pharr, M., & Salvatore, G. A. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b04898 · Cited by 1,725
Bariya, M., Nyein, H. Y. Y., & Javey, A. (2018) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-018-0043-y · Cited by 1,486
Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects
Heikenfeld, J., Jajack, A., Rogers, J., Gutruf, P., Tian, L., Pan, T., Li, R., Khine, M., Kim, J., Wang, J., et al. (2018) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c7lc00914c · Cited by 1,434
Self-citationGrant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Fan, A., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161 · Cited by 1,362
Wearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring
Yang, Y., & Gao, W. (2019) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c7cs00730b · Cited by 1,315 · cited 1×
“(Bariya et al., 2018; Heikenfeld et al., 2018; Yang and Gao, 2019).”
Wearable smart sensor systems integrated on soft contact lenses for wireless ocular diagnostics
Kim, J., Kim, M., Lee, M.-S., Kim, K., Ji, S., Kim, Y.-T., Park, J., Na, K., Bae, K.-H., Kyun Kim, H., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14997 · Cited by 951
Self-citationWearable Chemical Sensors: Present Challenges and Future Prospects
Bandodkar, A. J., Jeerapan, I., & Wang, J. (2016) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.6b00250 · Cited by 778
Self-citationWearable salivary uric acid mouthguard biosensor with integrated wireless electronics
Kim, J., Imani, S., de Araujo, W. R., Warchall, J., Valdés-Ramírez, G., Paixão, T. R. L. C., Mercier, P. P., & Wang, J. (2015) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.039 · Cited by 678
Self-citationSoft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays
Park, J., Kim, J., Kim, S.-Y., Cheong, W. H., Jang, J., Park, Y.-G., Na, K., Kim, Y.-T., Heo, J. H., Lee, C. Y., et al. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap9841 · Cited by 671
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Mishima, 1966, Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 5, 264
- Park, 2018, Sci. Adv., 4
- Senior, 2014, Nat. Biotechnol., 32
- Stuchell, 1984, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 25, 374
- Yao, 2012, J. Micromech. Microeng., 22
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 315
Ameen, S. S. M., Algethami, F., & Omer, K. (2026) · Materials research bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2026.114072 · Cited by 46
Faham, S., Salimi, A., & Ghavami, R. (2022) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123892 · Cited by 50
Jung, H. H., Lee, H., Yea, J., & Jang, K. (2024) · Soft Science · doi:10.20517/ss.2024.02 · Cited by 50
Kalasin, S., Sangnuang, P., & Surareungchai, W. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02085 · Cited by 48
Brazaca, L. C., Imamura, A. H., Blasques, R. V., Camargo, J. R., Janegitz, B. C., & Carrilho, E. (2023) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2023.115846 · Cited by 46
Sensory Polymers: Trends, Challenges, and Prospects Ahead
Virumbrales, C., Hernández‐Ruiz, R., Trigo‐López, M., Vallejos, S., & García, J. M. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24123852 · Cited by 47
“For example, sensors integrated into eyeglass frames could monitor glucose in tears for continuous diabetes management, or even detect biomarkers related to conditions such as high blood pressure or eye fatigue [76].”
BackgroundTiwari, N., Chatterjee, S., Kaswan, K., Chung, J.-H., Fan, K., & Lin, Z. (2022) · Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116064 · Cited by 45
Gnanasekaran, B., Umapathy, S., & Salvador, A. L. (2024) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2024.115578 · Cited by 44
Shi, X., Pu, H., Shi, L. L., He, T., & Chen, J. (2025) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d4nr04441j · Cited by 45
Ngashangva, L., Hemdan, B. A., El‐Liethy, M. A., Bachu, V., Minteer, S. D., & Goswami, P. (2022) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi13071083 · Cited by 40
“Wearable biosensors (WBs) are expected to offer real-time information on specific biomarkers for assessing an individual’s health [217].”
BackgroundWearable biosensors for human fatigue diagnosis: A review
Zhang, J., Chen, M., Peng, Y., Li, S., Han, D., Ren, S., Qin, K., Li, S., Han, T., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10318 · Cited by 44
Rh single-atom nanozymes for efficient ascorbic acid oxidation and detection
Shi, X., Li, J., Xiong, Y., Liu, Z., Zhan, J., & Cai, B. (2023) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d3nr00488k · Cited by 40
Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Systems for Glucose Monitoring in Biofluids: A Review
Xu, J., Yan, Z., & Liu, Q. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22155670 · Cited by 42
“fabricated an eyeglasses-based tears biosensor consisting of a microfluidic electrochemical detector (Figure 3C) [100].”
MethodRecent advances in wearable electrochemical biosensors towards technological and material aspects
Fakhr, M. H., Carrasco, I. L., Belyaev, D., Kang, J.-H., Shin, Y., Yeo, J., Koh, W., Ham, J., Michaelis, A., Opitz, J. L., et al. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics X · doi:10.1016/j.biosx.2024.100503 · Cited by 44
Jing, W., Kong, F., Tian, S., Yu, M., Li, Y., Fan, L., & Li, X. (2021) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d1an00847a · Cited by 39
Shi, Z., Li, X., Shuai, Y., Lu, Y., & Liu, Q. (2022) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/nbu.12581 · Cited by 40
Recent advances in MXenes-based glucose biosensors
Tian, S., Wang, M., Fornasiero, P., Yang, X., Ramakrishna, S., Ho, S., & Li, F. (2023) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108241 · Cited by 37
An electrochromic alarm system for smart contact lenses
Kim, M., Jung, I. D., Kim, Y., Yun, J., Gao, C., Lee, H., & Lee, S. W. (2020) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2020.128601 · Cited by 37
Current development in wearable glucose meters
Chen, Q., Zhao, Y. J., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Chinese Chemical Letters · doi:10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.043 · Cited by 40
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Micro‐fabricated Devices for Point‐of‐Care Testing: A Review
Zhang, Y., & Zhou, N. (2021) · Electroanalysis · doi:10.1002/elan.202100281 · Cited by 36
Advances in wearable electrochemical antibody-based sensors for cortisol sensing
Khumngern, S., & Jeerapan, I. (2023) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-023-04577-y · Cited by 39
Harnsoongnoen, S., & Buranrat, B. (2023) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors11040257 · Cited by 36
Çetinkaya, A., Kaya, S. I., & Özkan, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10008-023-05637-0 · Cited by 36
“In response, the scientists created a custom glasses-based biosensor that collects tear samples and uses microfluidic technology to analyze glucose, alcohol, and vitamins [137].”
Soltanian, ., Nosrati, M., Mobayen, S., Li, C.-C., Pan, T., Ke, M.-T., & Skruch, P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-44435-6 · Cited by 35
Zhou, Y., Li, L., Tong, J., Chen, X., Deng, W., Chen, Z., Xiao, X., Yin, Y., Zhou, Q., Gao, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb00790e · Cited by 33
Duong, H. D., Sohn, O.-J., & Rhee, J. I. (2020) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios10080086 · Cited by 34
“2 mM [20], results of the ratiometric fluorescent glucose sensors in this work are somewhat better.”
BackgroundCurrent and Future Perspectives on Microfluidic Tear Analytic Devices
Li, M. S., Wong, H. L., Ip, Y. L., Peng, Z., Yiu, R. S. W., Yuan, H. R., Wong, J. K. W., & Chan, Y. K. (2022) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c00569 · Cited by 35
Performance of the Prototype NovioSense Noninvasive Biosensor for Tear Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes
Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, P. H. L. M., Vegelyte, D., Kownacka, A., Anton, N., Joosse, M. V., & Wilson, C. J. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296820964844 · Cited by 33
Breath alcohol sensor based on hydrogel-gated graphene field-effect transistor
Luo, S., Wang, R., Wang, L., Qu, H., & Zheng, L. (2022) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2022.114319 · Cited by 32
Ma, R., Shao, R., An, X., Zhang, Q., & Sun, S. (2022) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d2tb00749e · Cited by 34
Hao, J., Zhu, Z., Hu, C., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00593 · Cited by 31
Self‐Healing Electronics for Prognostic Monitoring of Methylated Circulating Tumor DNAs
Fang, P., Ji, X., Zhao, X., Yan‐Do, R., Wan, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Shi, P. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202207282 · Cited by 34
Microfluidic Wearable Devices for Sports Applications
Ju, F., Wang, Y., Yin, B., Zhao, M., Zhang, Y., Gong, Y., & Jiao, C. (2023) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi14091792 · Cited by 35
“To mitigate the risks associated with direct eye contact, Sempionatto (2019) and colleagues introduced a frame-based wearable tear sensor [37].”
BackgroundInfluentialGiaretta, J., Zulli, R., Prabhakar, T., Rath, R. J., Naficy, S., Spilimbergo, S., Weiss, P. S., Farajikhah, S., & Dehghani, F. (2024) · Advanced Sensor Research · doi:10.1002/adsr.202400065 · Cited by 31
Cohen, R., Bitton, R. E., Herzallh, N. S., Cohen, Y., & Yehezkeli, O. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02157 · Cited by 30
Recent advances in wearable electrochemical sensors for in situ detection of biochemical markers
Jiao, Y., & Yu, X. (2025) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-024-3238-4 · Cited by 34
“3g) [62].”
Wireless Wearable Electrochemical Sensors: A Review
Alves, T., Deroco, P. B., Wachholz, D., Vidotto, L. H. B., & Kubota, L. T. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.30744/brjac.2179-3425.rv-62-2020 · Cited by 30
Electrochemical Sensing in Contact Lenses
Liu, H., Yan, X., Gu, Z., Xiu, G., & Xiao, X. (2021) · Electroanalysis · doi:10.1002/elan.202100342 · Cited by 29
Development of Flexible Electronic Biosensors for Healthcare Engineering
Zhao, Y. G., Yan, J., Cheng, J., Fu, Y., Zhou, J., Yan, J., & Guo, J. (2023) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2023.3287291 · Cited by 30
Tu, L. M. T. P. P. L. M., Thu, V. T. A., Hoang, T. X., Selvam, S. P., Pham, H. L., Kim, J. Y., & Cho, S. (2021) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202100020 · Cited by 26
Engineering with Biomedical Sciences Changing the Horizon of Healthcare-A Review
Weerarathna, I. N., Kumar, P., Luharia, A. A., & Mishra, G. (2024) · Bioengineered · doi:10.1080/21655979.2024.2401269 · Cited by 29
Zheng, X. H., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Hu, C., Du, Y., Li, J., Pan, Z., & Ding, K. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c22895 · Cited by 30
Recent advances in biofluid detection with micro/nanostructured bioelectronic devices
Li, H., Gu, S., Zhang, Q., Song, E., Kuang, T., Chen, F., Yu, X., & Chang, L. (2020) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d0nr07478k · Cited by 26
Mei, C., Pan, L., Xu, W., Xu, H., Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Dong, B., Ke, X., McAlinden, C., Yang, M., et al. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.130398 · Cited by 26
Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, X., Cao, X., Xia, J., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.341688 · Cited by 26
Li, R., Fan, H., Chen, Y., Yin, S., Liu, G. L., Li, Y., & Huang, L. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202410376 · Cited by 26
On-Chip Detection of the Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Technologies and Prospects
Song, C., Que, S., Heimer, L., & Que, L. (2020) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi11070629 · Cited by 27
“Eyeglasses-based tear biosensing system: recently non-invasive measurements of tear biomarkers by integrating a microfluidic electrochemical detector into an eyeglasses nose-bridge pad has been demonstrated [112].”
MethodThe marriage of biochemistry and nanotechnology for non-invasive real-time health monitoring
Ji, D., Guo, X., Fu, W., Ding, Z., Wang, C., Zhang, Q., Ramakrishna, S., & Qin, X. (2022) · Materials Science and Engineering R Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2022.100681 · Cited by 27
Rajendran, J., & Esfandyarpour, R. (2024) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-024-00226-9 · Cited by 27
“Recently, several researchers and their research groups have been at the forefront of this exploration, developing wearable devices that monitor biomarkers such as glucose, lactate, ions, and uric acid in body fluids like sweat and interstitial fluid [2, 3, 17–23].”
Advanced Microfluidic‐Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for Continuous Biochemical Monitoring
Park, S., Kim, S., Lee, S.-J., Tsukruk, V. V., Park, S., & Lim, H. (2025) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202500010 · Cited by 28
Recent trends in non-invasive on-body chemical sensing
Boeva, Z. A., Mousavi, Z., Sokalski, T., & Bobacka, J. (2024) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2024.117542 · Cited by 22
Electrochemical Glucose Sensors: Classification, Catalyst Innovation, and Sampling Mode Evolution
Song, C., Guo, J. J., Wang, Y., Xiang, H., & Yang, Y. (2024) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202400349 · Cited by 24
Smart textiles for chronic disease management: Advancements, applications, and future prospects
Wang, Z., Zhao, X., Yan, K., Zhang, P., Zhang, S., & Fan, H. (2025) · Materials Science and Engineering R Reports · doi:10.1016/j.mser.2025.100987 · Cited by 26
Özkahraman, E. E., Eroğlu, Z., Efremov, V., Maryyam, A., Abbasiasl, T., Das, R., Mirzajani, H., Hanedar, B. A., Beker, L., & Metin, Ö. (2025) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202500106 · Cited by 24
Stretch‐driven microfluidic chip for nucleic acid detection
Li, X., Zhao, X., Yang, W., Xu, F., Chen, B., Peng, J., Huang, J., & Mi, S. (2021) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.27839 · Cited by 23
“…biosensors implement the detection of physiological indicators such as glucose, lactic acid, pH, and cortisol of the organism on the microfluidic chip (Bandodkar et al., 2015; Koh et al., 2016; Sempionatto et al., 2019; B. Yang, Fan, et al., 2020; X. Yang, Yao, et al., 2020; Z. Zhang et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHarnsoongnoen, S., Srisai, S., Kongkeaw, P., & Buranrat, B. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2025.137322 · Cited by 22
Pan, L., Yang, F., Kang, X., Zhang, Q., & Jiang, C. (2025) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5c00346 · Cited by 22
Rasitanon, N., Veenuttranon, K., Lwin, H. T., Kaewpradub, K., Phairatana, T., & Jeerapan, I. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054657 · Cited by 23
Zhang, Y., Zhao, G., Zheng, M., Hu, T., Yang, C., & Xu, C. (2023) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d3nr01245j · Cited by 23
Recent Advances and Perspectives Regarding Paper-Based Sensors for Salivary Biomarker Detection
Chen, C., Tian, L., Li, W., Wang, K., Yang, Q., Lin, J., Zhang, T., Dong, B., & Wang, L. (2023) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors11070383 · Cited by 21
Liu, X., Zhao, L., Miao, B., Gu, Z., Wang, J., Peng, H., Li, J., Sun, W., & Li, J. (2019) · Electroanalysis · doi:10.1002/elan.201900405 · Cited by 23
Wirelessly triggered bioactive molecule delivery from degradable electroactive polymer films
Ashton, M., Appen, I. C., Fırlak, M., Stanhope, N. E., Schmidt, C. E., Eisenstadt, W. R., Hur, B., & Hardy, J. G. (2020) · Polymer International · doi:10.1002/pi.6089 · Cited by 22
Yin, Z., Clark, K. M., & Ray, T. R. (2023) · Advanced Sensor Research · doi:10.1002/adsr.202300137 · Cited by 22
Wearable sensors for health monitoring: Current applications, trends, and future directions
Kurul, F., Aydoğan, D., Janat, S., Kirlangiç, İ. A., Kaya, H. O., & Topkaya, S. N. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics X · doi:10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100727 · Cited by 24
Application of Intelligent Medical Sensing Technology
Fu, J., Gao, Q., & Li, S. (2023) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios13080812 · Cited by 21
“This system requires stimulation of the eye before tears can be collected for real-time monitoring of different target analytes, such as alcohol, vitamins, and glucose in tears (Figure 8A) [49].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTowards Detection of Biomarkers in the Eye Using an Aptamer-Based Graphene Affinity Nanobiosensor
Wang, Z., Dai, W., Yu, S., Hao, Z., Pei, R., Moraes, C. G. D., Suh, L. H., Zhao, X., & Lin, Q. (2022) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123697 · Cited by 18
Wei, Y., Chen, W., Ma, Y., Zhao, Y., Dai, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, S., Zhou, Y., Ye, X., & Liang, B. (2025) · Microsystems & Nanoengineering · doi:10.1038/s41378-025-01089-w · Cited by 23
Advancements in enzyme-based wearable sensors for health monitoring
Mehrotra, S., Rai, P., Saxena, A., Priya, S., & Sharma, S. (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.110250 · Cited by 17
Self-powered sensors for biomarker detection
Li, J., Xu, L., Zou, Y., & Li, Z. (2023) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d3sd00050h · Cited by 15
Beke, E., Gondran, C., Chovelon, B., Peyrin, É., Holzinger, M., & Ravelet, C. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.117306 · Cited by 16
Challenges and opportunities of wearable molecular sensors in endocrinology and metabolism
Güntner, A. T., Gerber, P. A., Dittrich, P. S., Serra, N., Figalli, A., Puhan, M. A., & Beuschlein, F. (2025) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-025-01175-z · Cited by 18
“Alternatively, tear fluid is also accessible via minimally invasive methods; for example, by specially designed contact lenses 45 or nose bridges of eyeglasses 46 .”
Cai, M., Sun, H., Yang, T., Hu, H., Li, X., & Jia, Y. (2025) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi16080902 · Cited by 15
“( b ) Wearable BioMEMS sensor in glasses for tear glucose monitoring [38].”
Flow by design: a guided review of microfluidics for wearable biosensors
Nava-Granados, J., Vasquez, K., Medina, B., Wang, C., Moreto, J. R., & Sempionatto, J. R. (2026) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d5lc00628g · Cited by 15
Advances in Wearable Chemosensors
Korallı, P., & Mouzakis, D. E. (2021) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors9050099 · Cited by 15
“Another approach refers to the fabrication of a wearable tear-based biosensor without eye contact for monitoring alcohol, glucose, and vitamin nutrients [106].”
BackgroundSelective detection of liposoluble vitamins using an organic electrochemical transistor
Salvigni, L., Mariani, F., Gualandi, I., Decataldo, F., Tessarolo, M., Tonelli, D., Fraboni, B., & Scavetta, E. (2023) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2023.134313 · Cited by 14
Carou‐Senra, P., Rodríguez‐Pombo, L., Monteagudo-Vilavedra, E., Awad, A., Alvarez‐Lorenzo, C., Basit, A. W., Goyanes, Á., & Couce, M. L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16010061 · Cited by 14
Additively manufactured microwave sensor for glucose level detection in saliva
Piekarz, I., Skarżyński, K., Piekarz, B., Wincza, K., Gruszczyński, S., Słoma, M., & Sorocki, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79867-1 · Cited by 14
“Nevertheless, the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose level is controversial due to the variation in the composition of tears depending on the tear collection method 17,25–27 , since stimulated tears can feature different tear compositions than non-stimulated ones.”
Coşkun, A., Savaş, İ. N., Can, O., & Lippi, G. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.1080/10408363.2025.2453152 · Cited by 14
“External stimuli (e.g. schirmer's strips, cellulose sponge, capillary tubes, menthol sticks) increase sample volume, but may cause dilution of tear fluid with reflex tears and a decrease in target analyte concentrations [115,118,127].”
Hosseinian, H., Hosseini, S., Martinez-Chapa, S. O., & Sher, M. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14010185 · Cited by 16
Advancements in glucose biosensors: Innovations for wearable and real-time monitoring
Singh, R., Nema, P., Purohit, A., Vishwakarma, S., Tantuway, S., Namdeo, P., Kumar, A., Soni, V., & Kashaw, S. K. (2025) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.129045 · Cited by 13
Printed Devices for Wearable Biosensors: Laboratory to Emerging Markets
Jeerapan, I., & Khumngern, S. (2023) · IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics · doi:10.1109/jflex.2023.3272624 · Cited by 13
“Wearable and flexible sensors measure biochemical markers in biofluids, e.g., sweat [4], tears [5], saliva [6], and interstitial fluid [7] to provide continuous, real-time physiological information, offering applications such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) [8].”
BackgroundFluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare
VURAL, B., Uludağ, İ., İNCE, B., Özyurt, C., ÖZTÜRK, F., & Sezgintürk, M. K. (2023) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY · doi:10.55730/1300-0527.3588 · Cited by 14
“In 2019, Sempionatto et al. created a noninvasive wearable tear alcohol biosensor fitted on glasses for the first time [89].”
BackgroundFlexible and Wearable Biosensors: Revolutionizing Health Monitoring
Antony, A. (2024) · Springer tracts in electrical and electronics engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3048-3_12 · Cited by 14
Toward the Next Generation Human–Machine Interaction: Headworn Wearable Devices
Gao, B., Jiang, J., Shu, Z., Li, J., Zhou, Q., & Li, X. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01190 · Cited by 14
Tear Fluid as a Matrix for Biomonitoring Environmental and Chemical Exposures
Amini, P., & Okeme, J. O. (2024) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-024-00454-7 · Cited by 13
Li, C., Zhu, W., Ma, Y., Zheng, H., Zhang, X., Li, D., & Pu, Z. (2024) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05429-z · Cited by 13
“In recent years, various wearable enzyme-based glucose biosensors have been developed for the analysis of ISF [15], sweat [16], and tears [17].”
Peng, M., Ning, Y., Zhang, J. W., He, Y., Xu, Z., Li, D., Yang, Y., & Ren, T.-L. (2026) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios16010046 · Cited by 16
Flexible biochemical sensors for point-of-care management of diseases: a review
He, F., Li, K., Lv, X., Zeng, Q., Zhu, Y., Li, X., & Deng, Y. (2022) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00604-022-05469-1 · Cited by 13
He, S., Lian, H., Cao, X., Liu, B., & Wei, X. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2022.132345 · Cited by 12
Development and Performance Evaluation of an IoT-Integrated Breath Analyzer
Khamis, A. A., Idris, A., Abdellatif, A., Rom, N. A. M., Khamis, T., Karim, M. S. A., Janasekaran, S., & Rashid, R. B. A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021319 · Cited by 12
“[39] reported a wearable biosensor based on using eyeglasses, and the device collects tears and analyses them.”
BackgroundElectrochemical and Nanomaterial‐Based Strategies for Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection: A Review
Aviha, R., & Slaughter, G. E. (2025) · ChemistryOpen · doi:10.1002/open.202500304 · Cited by 11
Emerging Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Tear Film Analysis
Ozdalgic, B., Gul, M., Uygun, Z. O., Atçeken, N., & Taşoğlu, S. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12100827 · Cited by 12
“Eyeglasses Alcohol, glucose, vitamins Alcohol-oxidase (AOx) biosensing fluidic system [14]”
BackgroundInfluentialDang, D. K., Xuyen, V. T. K., Ta, Q. T. H., & Nhiem, L. T. (2025) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d5ra05656j · Cited by 10
Wearable SERS devices in health management: Challenges and prospects
Chen, B., Gao, J., Sun, H., Chen, Z., & Qiu, X. (2025) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2025.125957 · Cited by 11
Bai, Y., Li, C., Wang, F., Wang, L., Zhu, J., & Guan, G. (2025) · Sensors and Actuators Reports · doi:10.1016/j.snr.2025.100380 · Cited by 9
Zhang, K., Han, L., Cai, H., Xue, X., Song, Y., Xin, W., Wang, Y., Liu, P., & Liu, J. (2025) · BMEMat · doi:10.1002/bmm2.70047 · Cited by 10
Toward clinical translation of biosensors for chronic kidney disease
Rath, R. J., Talebian, S., Mayol, B., Ding, S., Brasier, N., Jeerapan, I., Sempionatto, J. R., Naficy, S., & Silva, S. M. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.118328 · Cited by 10
Chen, L., Hsu, S., Wang, J.-C., Yang, T., & Chuang, H.-S. (2023) · Biomicrofluidics · doi:10.1063/5.0158780 · Cited by 9
Kim, H. S., Ahn, K., Han, B. Y., Haque, A. J., Kim, S.-J., Kim, J., Wee, Y., & Kim, J. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116841 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Sempionatto, J. R., Brazaca, L. C., García-Carmona, L., Bolat, G., Campbell, A. S., Martin, A., Tang, G., Shah, R., Mishra, R. K., Kim, J., Zucolotto, V., Escarpa, A., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Joseph
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 137
- Pages
- 161-170
- ISSN
- 0956-5663 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8372769
- OpenAlex
- W2944569697
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 11.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science
- Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (HDTRA 1-16-1-0013)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (216981/2014-0)
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (2017/03779-0)
- University of Alcala
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 2219)
- NIH NIAAA T32 (AA013525)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Keywords
- spectacle, wearable sensors, alcohol detection, alcohol oxidase, tear glucose, non-invasive monitoring, blood alcohol concentration, wireless devices
- MeSH terms
- Wearable Electronic Devices, Alcohols, Eyeglasses, Glucose, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic, Tears, Vitamins, Biosensing Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
