The physiology of gastric emptying
Abstract
The gastric emptying rate is a carefully regulated process consisting of different mathematically defined phases. The gastric metabolic load, as well as neural regulatory mechanisms and hormonal influences, cooperate in order to achieve a well-balanced emptying of contents from the stomach into the duodenum for absorption in the small intestine. This finely tuned regulation is primarily regulated by the release of gastrointestinal peptide hormones which serve to counteract the emptying process in the fed state and to stimulate sweeping contractions in the fasted state, most likely in order to prepare the stomach for another meal. We have found that the two peptide hormones ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide- I (GLP- I) have a great impact on the regulation of gastric emptying: ghrelin is a most potent stimulator of gastric contractions and emptying, and GLP- I profoundly inhibits this emptying process. These data suggest possibilities for governing the rate of gastric emptying as a natural step in achieving metabolic balance and control.
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Gastric emptying is enhanced with decreased fat, fiber, and increased liquids.
“Other investigations indicate that gastric emptying is enhanced with decreased fat (Frost et al. 2003), fiber (Vincent et al. 1995), and increased liquids (Hellström et al. 2006).”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Hellström et al. 2006
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- Authors
- Hellström, P. M., Grybäck, P., & Jacobsson, H.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hellström, Per M.
- Venue
- Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 397-407
- ISSN
- 1521-6896 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-3740
- OpenAlex
- W1982227541
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Karolinska Institutet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- gastric emptying, gastric emptying rate, gastric motility, gastrointestinal peptide hormones, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric contractions, duodenal emptying
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Gastric Emptying, Gastric Mucosa, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Humans, Stomach, Peptide Hormones, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Ghrelin
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