Cited by 144Regulation of Appetite and ObesityDiabetes Treatment and ManagementAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation

Bany Bakar, Rula, Reimann, Frank, Gribble, Fiona M.·2023·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Abstract

Gut hormones orchestrate pivotal physiological processes in multiple metabolically active tissues, including the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, gut and central nervous system, making them attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most gut hormones are derived from enteroendocrine cells, but bioactive peptides that are derived from other intestinal epithelial cell types have also been implicated in metabolic regulation and can be considered gut hormones. A deeper understanding of the complex inter-organ crosstalk mediated by the intestinal endocrine system is a prerequisite for designing more effective drugs that are based on or target gut hormones and their receptors, and extending their therapeutic potential beyond obesity and diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we present an overview of gut hormones that are involved in the regulation of metabolism and discuss their action in the gastrointestinal system and beyond.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41575-023-00830-y

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  • Central ghrelin signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating food intake, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, anxiety, depression, and cognitive function.

    “The central ghrelin signaling plays a pivotal role in diverse physiological functions, including the regulation of food intake, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, anxiety, depression, and cognitive function.”
  • GLP-1 is an incretin hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells in response to ingested nutrients to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress appetite.

    “GLP-1 is an incretin hormone produced by the EECs in response to ingested nutrients to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress appetite.”

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Authors
Bany Bakar, R., Reimann, F., & Gribble, F. M.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Gribble, Fiona M.
Venue
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Published
2023-08-25
Volume
20
Issue
12
Pages
784-796
ISSN
  • 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5053
OpenAlex
W4386168026
Cited by
144
References
223
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 1
FWCI
5.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (220271/Z/20/Z)
  • Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00014/3)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (1799260)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
gastrointestinal hormones, enteroendocrine cells, metabolic regulation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, organ crosstalk, digestive physiology, bioactive peptides
MeSH terms
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Humans, Intestines, Obesity, Gastrointestinal Tract

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