Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Pilot Study
Abstract
Studies investigating the possible benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not been performed. This study assesses the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation in children and adolescents with ADHD on neuropsychological tests of visual attention, visual and verbal working memory, and inhibitory control. An auto-matched clinical trial was performed involving transcranial direct current stimulation in children and adolescents with ADHD, using SNAP-IV and subtests Vocabulary and Cubes of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III (WISC-III). Subjects were assessed before and after transcranial direct current stimulation sessions with the Digit Span subtest of the WISC-III, inhibitory control subtest of the NEPSY-II, Corsi cubes, and the Visual Attention Test (TAVIS-3). There were 9 individuals with ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) criteria. There was statistically significant difference in some aspects of TAVIS-3 tests and the inhibitory control subtest of NEPSY-II. Transcranial direct current stimulation can be related to a more efficient processing speed, improved detection of stimuli, and improved ability to switch between an ongoing activity and a new one.
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A non-controlled open trial combining cognitive training with 30 min of 2 mA tDCS in nine ADHD adolescents found some improvement in switching and visual attention tasks as well as in ADHD symptoms.
“The study found some improvement in switching and visual attention tasks as well as in ADHD symptoms, but without a sham control condition, practice or placebo effects cannot be ruled out (Bandeira et al., 2016).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Bandeira et al., 2016
Without a sham control condition, practice or placebo effects cannot be ruled out in the Bandeira et al. study.
“but without a sham control condition, practice or placebo effects cannot be ruled out (Bandeira et al., 2016).”
From Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation (2018) · cites this paper as Bandeira et al., 2016
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“Thus, some studies have investigated the theraputic effect of tDCS over the DLPFC (Cosmo et al., 2015; Soltaninejad et al., 2015; Bandeira et al., 2016; Sotnikova et al., 2017).”
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“These concepts support the idea that the application of cathodal tDCS over frontal regions might restore the pathologically altered excitation/inhibition balance and have some beneficial effects for this patient population (Bandeira et al., 2016).”
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“Additionally, in pediatric ADHD, tDCS did not only influence connectivity of neuronal networks that are involved in cognitive performance (24, 25) but also improved cognitive performance itself, such as inhibitory control (26–28) and attentional processes (26).”
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- Authors
- Bandeira, I. D., Guimarães, R. S. Q., Jagersbacher, J. G., Barretto, T. L., de Jesus-Silva, J. R., Santos, S. N., Argollo, N., & Lucena, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal da Bahia (BR)
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Medical School of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Professor Edgard Santos University Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Corresponding author
- Bandeira, Igor Dórea
- Venue
- Journal of Child Neurology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-02-15
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 918-924
- ISSN
- 0883-0738 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-8283
- OpenAlex
- W2318825912
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 6.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children and adolescents, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, visual attention, working memory, inhibitory control, processing speed, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Motor Activity, Neuropsychological Tests, Pilot Projects, Speech Perception, Visual Perception, Prefrontal Cortex, Executive Function, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
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