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Cited by 117Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesSleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and related disorders

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Modulation of Total Sleep Time by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)

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Frase, Lukas, Piosczyk, Hannah, Zittel, Sulamith, Jahn, Friederike, Selhausen, Peter, Krone, Lukas, Feige, Bernd, Mainberger, Florian, Maier, Jonathan G, Kuhn, Marion, Klöppel, Stefan, Normann, Claus, Sterr, Annette, Spiegelhalder, Kai, Riemann, Dieter, Nitsche, Michael A, Nissen, Christoph·2016·Neuropsychopharmacology
DOI 10.1038/npp.2016.65PMC PMC4987856
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Abstract

Arousal and sleep are fundamental physiological processes, and their modulation is of high clinical significance. This study tested the hypothesis that total sleep time (TST) in humans can be modulated by the non-invasive brain stimulation technique transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting a 'top-down' cortico-thalamic pathway of sleep-wake regulation. Nineteen healthy participants underwent a within-subject, repeated-measures protocol across five nights in the sleep laboratory with polysomnographic monitoring (adaptation, baseline, three experimental nights). tDCS was delivered via bi-frontal target electrodes and bi-parietal return electrodes before sleep (anodal 'activation', cathodal 'deactivation', and sham stimulation). Bi-frontal anodal stimulation significantly decreased TST, compared with cathodal and sham stimulation. This effect was location specific. Bi-frontal cathodal stimulation did not significantly increase TST, potentially due to ceiling effects in good sleepers. Exploratory resting-state EEG analyses before and after the tDCS protocols were consistent with the notion of increased cortical arousal after anodal stimulation and decreased cortical arousal after cathodal stimulation. The study provides proof-of-concept that TST can be decreased by non-invasive bi-frontal anodal tDCS in healthy humans. Further elucidating the 'top-down' pathway of sleep-wake regulation is expected to increase knowledge on the fundamentals of sleep-wake regulation and to contribute to the development of novel treatments for clinical conditions of disturbed arousal and sleep.

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  • Direct wakefulness consolidation indirectly enhances subsequent SWS, and may thus facilitate the hypothesized mechanism for trazodone's benefits.

    “In turn, direct wakefulness consolidation indirectly enhances subsequent SWS, and may thus facilitate the hypothesized mechanism for trazodone's benefits [27-29, 36]”

    From Long-Term Trazodone Use and Cognition: A Potential Therapeutic Role for Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancers (2019) · cites this paper as [28]

    The Polysomnography results report more wake time after anodal stimulation but virtually identical slow-wave sleep across conditions (4.6%, 4.6%, and 4.4%). The Discussion likewise states that no effects on sleep architecture were observed; the paper does not discuss trazodone. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Sleep consolidation can be directly achieved through medications that consolidate sleep rhythms, as well as indirectly by consolidating rhythms of wakefulness that in turn allow deeper rhythms in subsequent sleep.

    “sleep consolidation, as defined by integrity of sleep continuity and architecture, can be directly achieved through medications that consolidate sleep rhythms [26], as well as indirectly by consolidating rhythms of wakefulness that in turn allow deeper rhythms in subsequent sleep [27, 28]”

    From Long-Term Trazodone Use and Cognition: A Potential Therapeutic Role for Slow-Wave Sleep Enhancers (2019) · cites this paper as [28]

    The source is relevant to the indirect pathway cited at [27, 28]: its Discussion suggests that stimulation during wakefulness may alter cortical arousal and subsequent sleep continuity. But the Polysomnography results report less total sleep time after anodal stimulation and no difference in sleep architecture; they do not show consolidated wakefulness rhythms producing deeper subsequent sleep. The medication clause is attached to [26], not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Metadata

Authors
Frase, L., Piosczyk, H., Zittel, S., Jahn, F., Selhausen, P., Krone, L., Feige, B., Mainberger, F., Maier, J. G., Kuhn, M., Klöppel, S., Normann, C., Sterr, A., Spiegelhalder, K., Riemann, D., Nitsche, M. A., & Nissen, C.
Affiliations
  • University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
  • University of Surrey (GB)
  • Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
Corresponding author
Nissen, Christoph
ORCID
Venue
Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-05-04
Volume
41
Issue
10
Pages
2577-2586
ISSN
  • 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-634X
DOI
10.1038/npp.2016.65
PMC
PMC4987856
OpenAlex
W2346464110
Cited by
117
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3
FWCI
4.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
  • GRO (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (cc-by)
Funders
  • European Commission (686764)
  • FAZIT Stiftung
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords
transcranial direct current stimulation, total sleep time, sleep-wake regulation, anodal stimulation, cathodal stimulation, cortical arousal, non-invasive brain stimulation, polysomnography, resting-state EEG
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep, Spectrum Analysis, Time Factors, Polysomnography, Healthy Volunteers, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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