No effects of slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) on sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy elderly subjects
Open accessAbstract
Background Studies in young healthy volunteers provided evidence of a beneficial impact of an anodal time-varied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during early slow wave rich sleep on declarative memory but not on procedural memory.Objective/hypothesis The present study investigated whether sleep-dependent memory consolidation can also be affected by slow oscillating tDCS in a population of elderly subjects.Methods 26 subjects (69.1 years ± 7.7 years) received bi-frontal anodal stimulation (max. current density: 0.331 mA/cm(2)) during early NREM sleep in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover study. Stimulation effects on offline consolidation were tested by using a declarative and a procedural memory task. Furthermore, sleep stages were scored, EEG power was analyzed and spindle densities were assessed.Results Independently from stimulation condition, performance in both memory tasks significantly decreased overnight. Stimulation revealed no significant effect on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Verum tDCS was accompanied by significantly more time awake and significantly less NREM stage 3 sleep during five 1-min stimulation free intervals.Conclusions The results of the present study are in line with other studies showing that offline consolidation during sleep varies with age and is less pronounced in the elderly than in young or middle-aged subjects. Contrary to an almost identical positive study in young adults, slow oscillatory tDCS applied to the elderly failed to show a beneficial effect on memory consolidation in the present study.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Healthy adults, adults with schizophrenia, and children with ADHD benefited from toDCS during sleep, while elderly healthy participants did not.
“While healthy adults [32,33], adults suffering from schizophrenia [56], and children with ADHD benefited from toDCS during sleep, elderly healthy participants did not [57].”
Cites
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234 · see citing works
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · see citing works
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364 · see citing works
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation
Jasper, H. H. (1958) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · Cited by 6,567 · see citing works
Hobson, J. A. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90021-2 · Cited by 5,215 · see citing works
A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness- eveningness in human circadian rhythms
Home, J. K. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,783 · see citing works
Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2762 · Cited by 3,760 · see citing works
Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255 · Cited by 3,349 · see citing works
Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008
Nitsche, M. A., Cohen, L. G., Wassermann, E. M., Priori, A., Lang, N., Antal, A., Paulus, W., Hummel, F., Boggio, P. S., Fregni, F., et al. (2008) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004 · Cited by 3,057 · see citing works
Self-citationSustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans
Nitsche, M. A., & Paulus, W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1899 · Cited by 2,617 · see citing works
Self-citationSteriade, M., Nunez, A., & Amzica, F. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-08-03252.1993 · Cited by 1,903 · see citing works
Boosting slow oscillations during sleep potentiates memory
Marshall, L., Helgadóttir, H., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05278 · Cited by 1,792 · see citing works
Two-stage model of memory trace formation: A role for “noisy” brain states
Buzsáki, G. (1989) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90423-5 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
Nitsche, M. A., Fricke, K., Henschke, U., Schlitterlau, A., Liebetanz, D., Lang, N., Henning, S. J., Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049916 · Cited by 1,514 · see citing works
Self-citationLiebetanz, D. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf238 · Cited by 1,383 · see citing works
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex enhances working memory
Fregni, F., Boggio, P. S., Nitsche, M., Bermpohl, F., Antal, A., Feredoes, E., Marcolin, M. A., Rigonatti, S. P., Silva, M. T. A., Paulus, W., et al. (2005) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2334-6 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Self-citationNitsche, M. A., Schauenburg, A., Lang, N., Liebetanz, D., Exner, C., Paulus, W., & Tergau, F. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903321662994 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Self-citationLevel of action of cathodal DC polarisation induced inhibition of the human motor cortex
Nitsche, M. A., Nitsche, M. S., Klein, C. C., Tergau, F., Rothwell, J. C., & Paulus, W. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00412-1 · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Self-citationGrouping of spindle activity during slow oscillations in human non-rapid eye movement sleep
Mölle, M., Marshall, L., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2002) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-10941.2002 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Low-frequency (<1Hz) oscillations in the human sleep electroencephalogram
Achermann, P., & Borbély, A. A. (1997) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00186-3 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Mölle, M., Bergmann, T. O., Marshall, L., & Born, J. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1290 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory
Marshall, L., Mölle, M., Hallschmid, M., & Born, J. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2725-04.2004 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Sleep-dependent memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.011 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
The corticothalamic system in sleep
Steriade, M. (2003) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/1043 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
The sequential hypothesis of the function of sleep
Giuditta, A., Ambrosini, M. V., Montagnese, P., Mandile, P., Cotugno, M., Zucconi, G. G., & Vescia, S. (1995) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(95)00012-i · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Mölle, M., Eschenko, O., Gais, S., Sara, S. J., & Born, J. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06654.x · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Sleep slow wave changes during the middle years of life: Changes in slow waves with age
Carrier, J., Viens, I., Poirier, G., Robillard, R., Lafortune, M., Vandewalle, G., Martin, N., Barakat, M., Paquet, J., & Filipini, D. (2011) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07543.x · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Spindle frequency activity in the sleep EEG: individual differences and topographical distribution
Werth, E., Achermann, P., Dijk, D., & Borbély, A. A. (1997) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00070-9 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Topography of age-related changes in sleep spindles
Martin, N., Lafortune, M., Godbout, J. P., Barakat, M., Robillard, R., Poirier, G., Bastien, C., & Carrier, J. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.05.020 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Normal human sleep: an overview
Hirshkowitz, M. (2004) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.01.001 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Topographic distribution of sleep spindles in young healthy subjects
ZEITLHOFER, J., GRUBER, G., ANDERER, P., ASENBAUM, S., SCHIMICEK, P., & SALETU, B. (1997) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1997.00046.x · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Age-related changes in the cognitive function of sleep
Pace-Schott, E. F., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2011) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53752-2.00012-6 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Sleep spindle characteristics in healthy subjects of different age groups
Nicolas, A., Petit, D., Rompré, S., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2001) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00556-3 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Age-related decline of sleep-dependent consolidation
Spencer, R. M. C., Gouw, A. M., & Ivry, R. B. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.569407 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Marshall, L., Kirov, R., Brade, J., Mölle, M., & Born, J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016905 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Midlife decline in declarative memory consolidation is correlated with a decline in slow wave sleep
Backhaus, J., Born, J., Hoeckesfeld, R., Fokuhl, S., Hohagen, F., & Junghanns, K. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.470507 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Sleep modulates word-pair learning but not motor sequence learning in healthy older adults
Wilson, J. K., Baran, B., Pace-Schott, E. F., Ivry, R. B., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.029 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Napping to renew learning capacity: enhanced encoding after stimulation of sleep slow oscillations
Antonenko, D., Diekelmann, S., Olsen, C., Jan Born, A., & Mölle, M. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12118 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sequence Skill Acquisition and Off-Line Learning in Normal Aging
Brown, R. M., Robertson, E. M., & Press, D. Z. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006683 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A failure of sleep-dependent procedural learning in chronic, medicated schizophrenia
Manoach, D. S., Cain, M. S., Vangel, M. G., Khurana, A., GOFF, D. C., & Stickgold, R. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.012 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Nitsche, M. A., Jakoubkova, M., Thirugnanasambandam, N., Schmalfuß, L., Hullemann, S., Šonka, K., Paulus, W., Trenkwalder, C., & Happe, S. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00611.2010 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationGöder, R., Baier, P. C., Beith, B., Baecker, C., Seeck-Hirschner, M., Junghanns, K., & Marshall, L. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.014 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Arbeitsgruppe Diagnostik der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin, D. G. S. M., Hoffmann, R., Müller, T. J. J., Hajak, G., & Cassel, W. (1997) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1007/s11818-997-0019-z · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Sleep to learn after stroke: Implicit and explicit off-line motor learning
Siengsukon, C. F., & Boyd, L. A. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.12.040 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Age-related changes in sleep and memory: commonalities and interrelationships
Hornung, O. P., Danker‐Hopfe, H., & Heuser, I. (2005) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2005.02.001 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Enhances Implicit Motor Skill Learning in Individuals Poststroke
Siengsukon, C. F., & Boyd, L. A. (2008) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1501-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Merlet, I., Birot, G., Salvador, R., Molaee-Ardekani, B., Mekonnen, A., Soria‐Frisch, A., Ruffini, G., Miranda, P. C., & Wendling, F. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057330 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Bergmann, T. O., Groppa, S., Seeger, M., Mölle, M., Marshall, L., & Siebner, H. R. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00437.2009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Yordanova, J., Kolev, V., Wagner, U., Jan Born, A., & Verleger, R. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00097 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sleep Optimizes Motor Skill in Older Adults
Tucker, M., McKinley, S., & Stickgold, R. (2011) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03324.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Danker‐Hopfe, H., Schafer, M., Dorn, H., Anderer, P., Saletu, B., Gruber, G., Zeitlhofer, J., Kunz, D., Barbanoj, M. J., Himanen, S., et al. (2005) · Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin · doi:10.1111/j.1439-054x.2004.00038.x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prehn-Kristensen, A., Munz, M., Göder, R., Wilhelm, I., Korr, K., Vahl, W., Wiesner, C. D., & Baving, L. (2014) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.07.036 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Transcranial slow oscillation stimulation during sleep enhances memory consolidation in rats
Binder, S., Berg, K., Gasca, F., Lafon, B., Parra, L. C., Born, J., & Marshall, L. (2014) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.03.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Targeting sleep oscillations to improve memory in schizophrenia
Manoach, D. S., Mylonas, D., & Baxter, B. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.010 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Salfi, F., D’Atri, A., Tempesta, D., De Gennaro, L., & Ferrara, M. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10050300 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Eggert, T., Dorn, H., Sauter, C., Nitsche, M. A., Bajbouj, M., & Danker-Hopfe, H.
- Affiliations
- Stiftung Charité (DE)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Eggert, Torsten
- Venue
- Brain stimulation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 938-945
- ISSN
- 1876-4754 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-861X
- OpenAlex
- W2076136875
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doaj.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain stimulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- transcranial direct current stimulation, sleep-dependent memory consolidation, older adults, NREM sleep, slow-wave sleep, declarative memory, procedural memory, sleep spindles, age-related memory decline, anodal stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Double-Blind Method, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Sleep, Polysomnography, Cross-Over Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
