Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As the coronavirus disease pandemic spread across the United States and protective measures to mitigate its impact were enacted, parents and children experienced widespread disruptions in daily life. Our objective with this national survey was to determine how the pandemic and mitigation efforts affected the physical and emotional well-being of parents and children in the United States through early June 2020. METHODS: In June 2020, we conducted a national survey of parents with children age <18 to measure changes in health status, insurance status, food security, use of public food assistance resources, child care, and use of health care services since the pandemic began. RESULTS: Since March 2020, 27% of parents reported worsening mental health for themselves, and 14% reported worsening behavioral health for their children. The proportion of families with moderate or severe food insecurity increased from 6% before March 2020 to 8% after, employer-sponsored insurance coverage of children decreased from 63% to 60%, and 24% of parents reported a loss of regular child care. Worsening mental health for parents occurred alongside worsening behavioral health for children in nearly 1 in 10 families, among whom 48% reported loss of regular child care, 16% reported change in insurance status, and 11% reported worsening food security. CONCLUSIONS: The coronavirus disease pandemic has had a substantial tandem impact on parents and children in the United States. As policy makers consider additional measures to mitigate the health and economic effects of the pandemic, they should consider the unique needs of families with children.
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Published reports suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on children's mental health.
“Published reports suggest that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative effect on children’s mental health (1,2).”
The increase in the proportion of ED visits for children's mental health concerns might reflect increased pandemic-related stress and unintended consequences of mitigation measures, which reduced or modified access to children's mental health services.
“The increase in the proportion of ED visits for children’s mental health concerns might reflect increased pandemic-related stress and unintended consequences of mitigation measures, which reduced or modified access to children’s mental health services (2)”
One year into the pandemic, 25% of parents said their own mental health had worsened, and 14% reported worsening behavioral health in their children.
“Research by Patrick et al. (2020) finds that in the year since the beginning of the pandemic, a quarter of parents reported worsening mental health for themselves and a 14% worsening in the behavioral health of their children.”
From Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Patrick et al. (2020)
School closures causing childcare loss, reduced healthcare access from closures and delayed visits, and worsening food security together produced the largest drops in family mental and behavioral health.
“They find that the combined impact of lack of child-care due to school closures, reduced access to healthcare due to closures and delays in visits, and declines in food security led to the most substantial declines in a family's mental and behavioral health.”
From Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Patrick et al. (2020)
Studies show the pandemic has affected parents and children through isolation, loneliness, and depression.
“Research has already demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among parents and children with respect to social isolation, loneliness, and depression.”
From Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic—evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Patrick et al. (2020)
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- Authors
- Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., Loch, S., Letterie, M., & Davis, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patrick, Stephen W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatrics
- Publisher
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Published
- 2020-07-24
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e2020016824
- ISSN
- 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-4275
- OpenAlex
- W3044545080
- Cited by
- 1,200
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 212 · 2022: 353 · 2021: 343 · 2020: 35 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 94.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Social impacts of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, parental mental health, child behavioral health, food insecurity, employer-sponsored health insurance, health care utilization, family well-being, pandemic mitigation measures
- MeSH terms
- Child Health, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Child, Child Care, Female, Food Supply, Health Policy, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parents, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Assistance, United States, Coronavirus Infections, Insurance Coverage, Pandemics
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