The CALERIE Study: Design and methods of an innovative 25% caloric restriction intervention
Open accessAbstract
Animal studies have shown that life span is extended by caloric restriction (CR). This manuscript describes the design and methodology of an innovative CR intervention, which is the treatment arm of the CALERIE Study. This study is a multi-center, randomized controlled trial examining the effects of 2 years of CR on biomarkers of longevity among non-obese (BMI ≥ 22 kg/m(2) and <28 kg/m(2)) adults. CALERIE is the first investigation of the effects of long-term CR on the aging process in non-obese humans. 220 healthy volunteers across 3 sites were recruited beginning in May 2007. Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio between the CR or control group (i.e., ad libitum diet). An intensive intervention was designed to assist participants in adhering to the 25% CR prescription for a two-year duration. The intervention was designed to optimize the likelihood that 25% CR would be achieved through a variety of nutritional and behavioral strategies, several of which are innovative methods for achieving CR. The intervention includes the following components: an intensive, "mixed" format schedule of group/individual sessions, meal provision phase with exposure to various diets, Personal Digital Assistants to monitor caloric intake, unique portion estimation training, tailored treatment using a computer tracking system, toolbox strategies and algorithms, as well as comprehensive coverage of nutrition and behavioral topics in order to assist participants in meeting their CR goal. This manuscript provides an overview of the CR intensive intervention and may be of assistance for other researchers and clinicians in designing future trials.
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- Authors
- Rickman, A. D., Williamson, D. A., Martin, C. K., Gilhooly, C. H., Stein, R. I., Bales, C. W., Roberts, S., & Das, S. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rickman, Amy D.
- Venue
- Contemporary Clinical Trials
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 874-881
- ISSN
- 1551-7144 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3185196
- OpenAlex
- W2025625233
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Contemporary Clinical Trials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k23dk068052-04, KL2TR000450)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG020478, U01AG020487, U01AG020480, U01AG022132)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23-DK-068052, P30DK072476)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, aging, non-obese adults, long-term dietary intervention, adherence support, behavioral weight management, lifespan extension
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Energy Intake, Humans, Longevity, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Caloric Restriction
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