One Year of Caloric Restriction in Humans: Feasibility and Effects on Body Composition and Abdominal Adipose Tissue
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Background. Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximal life span in short-lived organisms, and its effects are being explored in nonhuman primates. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of prolonged CR in nonobese adults and to compare the effects of CR- and exercise-induced weight loss on body composition and abdominal adiposity. Methods. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted with 48 healthy, nonobese women and men, aged 57 ± 1 (mean ± standard error [SE]) years, with body mass index 27.3 ± 0.3 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned to a 20% calorically-restricted diet (CR, n = 19), exercise designed to produce a similar energy deficit (EX, n = 19), or a healthy lifestyle control group (HL, n = 10) for 1 year. Assessments included weight, body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, abdominal adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging, and energy intake by doubly labeled water. Results. The average level of CR achieved by the CR group was 11.5 ± 2.1%, and the EX group completed 59 ± 6.7% of their prescribed exercise. Weight changes were greater (p ≤.0005) in the CR (−8.0 ± 0.9 kg) and EX (−6.4 ± 0.9) groups as compared to the HL group (−1.3 ± 0.9 kg), corresponding to reductions of 10.7%, 8.4%, and 1.7% of baseline weights, respectively. Whole-body fat mass and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue decreased significantly (p <.005) and comparably in the CR and EX groups, but did not change in the HL group. Conclusions. CR for 1 year was feasible, but the level of CR achieved was less than prescribed. CR and exercise were equally effective in reducing weight and adiposity.
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Eligible participants were randomly assigned to CR, EX, or HL control in a 2:2:1 randomization scheme.
“Eligible participants were randomly assigned to 1 year of a calorierestricted (CR) diet, a comparable energy deficit induced by daily exercise (EX), or a healthy lifestyle (HL) control group in a 2:2:1 randomization scheme, as described in detail previously (6).”
From Influence of Weekend Lifestyle Patterns on Body Weight (2008) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Racette, S. B., Weiss, E. P., Villareal, D. T., Arif, H., Steger-May, K., Schechtman, K. B., Fontana, L., Klein, S., & Holloszy, J. O.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Racette, Susan B.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-09-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 943-950
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC4376245
- OpenAlex
- W2103538220
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk020579-35)
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG020487, 5-U01-AG20487, AG 00078, T32AG000078)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK20579, DK56341, P60-DK-020579, P30DK056341, P30DK020579)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR.00036, M01RR000036)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- caloric restriction, exercise-induced weight loss, body composition, abdominal fat, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, fat mass, weight loss, negative energy balance, older adults, feasibility, energy intake
- MeSH terms
- Body Composition, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Life Style, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Caloric Restriction, Abdominal Fat
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