Cited by 129Phagocytosis and Immune RegulationCell death mechanisms and regulationAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Cell death by phagocytosis

Brown, Guy C.·2024·Nature Reviews Immunology

Abstract

Cells can die as a consequence of being phagocytosed by other cells - a form of cell death that has been called phagotrophy, cell cannibalism, programmed cell removal and primary phagocytosis. However, these are all different manifestations of cell death by phagocytosis (termed 'phagoptosis' for short). The engulfed cells die as a result of cytotoxic oxidants, peptides and degradative enzymes within acidic phagolysosomes. Cell death by phagocytosis was discovered by Metchnikov in the 1880s, but was neglected until recently. It is now known to contribute to developmental cell death in nematodes, Drosophila and mammals, and is central to innate and adaptive immunity against pathogens. Cell death by phagocytosis mediates physiological turnover of erythrocytes and other leucocytes, making it the most abundant form of cell death in the mammalian body. Immunity against cancer is also partly mediated by macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells, but cancer cells can also phagocytose host cells and other cancer cells in order to survive. Recent evidence indicates neurodegeneration and other neuropathologies can be mediated by microglial phagocytosis of stressed neurons. Thus, despite cell death by phagocytosis being poorly recognized, it is one of the oldest, commonest and most important forms of cell death.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41577-023-00921-6

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Authors
Brown, G. C.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Brown, Guy C.
Venue
Nature Reviews Immunology
Published
2023-08-21
Volume
24
Issue
2
Pages
91-102
ISSN
  • 1474-1733 (ISSN-L)
  • 1474-1741
OpenAlex
W4386026077
Cited by
129
References
141
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 26
FWCI
3.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
phagocytosis, cell death, phagolysosomes, erythrocyte turnover, developmental cell death, neurodegeneration, innate immunity, adaptive immunity
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Macrophages, Mammals, Neurons, Phagocytosis, Cell Death, Microglia

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