The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Derived Exosomal miRNAs Can Modulate In Vivo and In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity
Open accessAbstract
MiRNAs are regulatory molecules that can be packaged into exosomes and secreted from cells. Here, we show that adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obese mice secrete miRNA-containing exosomes (Exos), which cause glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when administered to lean mice. Conversely, ATM Exos obtained from lean mice improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity when administered to obese recipients. miR-155 is one of the miRNAs overexpressed in obese ATM Exos, and earlier studies have shown that PPARγ is a miR-155 target. Our results show that miR-155KO animals are insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant compared to controls. Furthermore, transplantation of WT bone marrow into miR-155KO mice mitigated this phenotype. Taken together, these studies show that ATMs secrete exosomes containing miRNA cargo. These miRNAs can be transferred to insulin target cell types through mechanisms of paracrine or endocrine regulation with robust effects on cellular insulin action, in vivo insulin sensitivity, and overall glucose homeostasis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although the mechanism of RBC-EV mediating miRNA function has not been extensively studied, RBC-EV is a member of EVs in the whole blood, which are widely reported to be absorbed by the recipient cells and play a role as a conventional mechanism of cell–cell communication (Thomou et al., 2017; Ying et al., 2017), suggesting that RBC-EVs have the potential of communicating with recipient cells in”
From Red Blood Cells as Potential Repositories of MicroRNAs in the Circulatory System (2020) · cites this paper as Ying et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Several studies have shown that EV-mediated RNA transfer is an effective method for signal transduction that can modulate the biological processes of recipient cells (Huang et al., 2013; Thomou et al., 2017; Ying et al., 2017).”
From Red Blood Cells as Potential Repositories of MicroRNAs in the Circulatory System (2020) · cites this paper as Ying et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“injections of adipose tissue macrophage-derived EVs isolated from lean mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin-sensitivity of diet-induced obese mice”
From Skeletal Muscle-Released Extracellular Vesicles: State of the Art (2019) · cites this paper as Ying et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Studies show that these particles, located in exosomes of adipocytes and macrophages of adipose tissue and secreted from them into the circulation, can influence the development of IR through mechanisms, such as inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-gamma) expression and affecting PI3K/AKT-GLUT4 signaling pathway [57,58,59].”
From The Role of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists in Insulin Resistance with Concomitant Obesity Treatment in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2022) · cites this paper as [57]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bartel (2004) · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00045-5 · Cited by 34,714
MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory Functions
Bartel, D. P. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.002 · Cited by 20,068
Valadi, H., Ekström, K., Bossios, A., Sjöstrand, M., Lee, J. J., & Lötvall, J. O. (2007) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1596 · Cited by 12,834
Lewis, B. P., Burge, C. B., & Bartel, D. P. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.12.035 · Cited by 11,855
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760
Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Kahn, S. E., Hull, R. L., & Utzschneider, K. M. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05482 · Cited by 5,448
Prediction of Mammalian MicroRNA Targets
Lewis, B. P., Shih, I.-H., Jones-Rhoades, M. W., Bartel, D. P., & Burge, C. B. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)01018-3 · Cited by 5,199
Ceramide Triggers Budding of Exosome Vesicles into Multivesicular Endosomes
Trajković, K., Hsu, C., Chiantia, S., Rajendran, L., Wenzel, D., Wieland, F., Schwille, P., Brügger, B., & Simons, M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1153124 · Cited by 3,760
Stimulation of adipogenesis in fibroblasts by PPARγ2, a lipid-activated transcription factor
Tontonoz, P., Hu, E., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90006-x · Cited by 3,564
Hotamisligil, G. S., Arner, P., Caro, J. F., Atkinson, R. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117936 · Cited by 3,543
Kowal, J., Arras, G., Colombo, M., Jouve, M., Morath, J. P., Primdal-Bengtson, B., Dingli, F., Loew, D., Tkach, M., & Théry, C. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1521230113 · Cited by 3,426
A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance
Hirosumi, J., Tuncman, G., Chang, L., Görgün, C. Z., Uysal, K. T., Maeda, K., Karin, M., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01137 · Cited by 3,359
Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver
Costa-Silva, B., Aiello, N. M., Ocean, A. J., Singh, S., Zhang, H., Thakur, B. K., Becker, A., Hoshino, A., Mark, M. T., Molina, H., et al. (2015) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3169 · Cited by 2,692
Hotamisligil, G. S., Peraldi, P., Budavari, A., Ellis, R., White, M. F., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5249.665 · Cited by 2,630
Principles of MicroRNA–Target Recognition
Brennecke, J., Stark, A., Russell, R. B., & Cohen, S. M. (2005) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030085 · Cited by 2,431
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Lawman, H. G., Fryar, C. D., Kruszon-Moran, D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.6361 · Cited by 2,178
Fat and Beyond: The Diverse Biology of PPARγ
Tontonoz, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.061307.091829 · Cited by 2,085
Secretory Mechanisms and Intercellular Transfer of MicroRNAs in Living Cells
Kosaka, N., Iguchi, H., Yoshioka, Y., Takeshita, F., Matsuki, Y., & Ochiya, T. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.107821 · Cited by 1,934
Exosome and Exosomal MicroRNA: Trafficking, Sorting, and Function
Zhang, J., Li, S., Li, L., Li, M., Guo, C., Yao, J., & Mi, S. (2015) · Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.1016/j.gpb.2015.02.001 · Cited by 1,901
Adipose-derived circulating miRNAs regulate gene expression in other tissues
Thomou, T., Mori, M. A., Dreyfuss, J. M., Konishi, M., Sakaguchi, M., Wolfrum, C., Rao, T. N., Winnay, J. N., Garcia-Martin, R., Grinspoon, S. K., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21365 · Cited by 1,539
Regulation of the Germinal Center Response by MicroRNA-155
Thai, T., Calado, D. P., Casola, S. S., Ansel, K. M., Xiao, C., Xue, Y., Murphy, A. J., Frendewey, D. A., Valenzuela, D. M., Kutok, J. L., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1141229 · Cited by 1,477
Plasma MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Loss of Endothelial MiR-126 and Other MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes
Zampetaki, A., Kiechl, S., Drozdov, I., Willeit, P., Mayr, U., Prokopi, M., Mayr, A., Weger, S., Oberhollenzer, F., Bonora, E., et al. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.226357 · Cited by 1,283
Regulation of progenitor cell proliferation and granulocyte function by microRNA-223
Johnnidis, J. B., Harris, M. H., Wheeler, R. T., Stehling-Sun, S., Lam, M. H., Kirak, O., Brummelkamp, T. R., Fleming, M. D., & Camargo, F. D. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06607 · Cited by 1,208
Microenvironment-induced PTEN loss by exosomal microRNA primes brain metastasis outgrowth
Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Yao, J., Lowery, F. J., Zhang, Q., Huang, W.-C., Li, P., Li, M., Wang, X., Zhang, C., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15376 · Cited by 1,175
Self-citationFong, M. Y., Zhou, W., Liu, L., Alontaga, A. Y., Chandra, M., Ashby, J., Chow, A., O’Connor, S. T. F., Li, S., Chin, A. R., et al. (2015) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3094 · Cited by 1,118
Nguyen, M. T. A., Favelyukis, S., Nguyen, A.-K., Reichart, D., Scott, P. A., Jenn, A., Liu-Bryan, R., Glass, C. K., Neels, J. G., & Olefsky, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m706762200 · Cited by 1,035
Self-citationLumeng, C. N., DeYoung, S. M., Bodzin, J. L., & Saltiel, A. R. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-1076 · Cited by 1,016
Bang, C., Bátkai, S., Dangwal, S., Gupta, S. K., Foinquinos, A., Holzmann, A., Just, A., Remke, J., Zimmer, K., Zeug, A., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci70577 · Cited by 995
Lumeng, C. N.-K., DelProposto, J. B., Westcott, D. J., & Saltiel, A. R. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0872 · Cited by 956
Holland, W. L., Bikman, B. T., Wang, L.-P., Yuguang, G., Sargent, K. M., Bulchand, S., Knotts, T. A., Shui, G., Clegg, D. J., Wenk, M. R., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci43378 · Cited by 705
MicroRNA control of PHABULOSA in leaf development: importance of pairing to the microRNA 5′ region
Mallory, A. C., Reinhart, B. J., Jones-Rhoades, M. W., Tang, G., Zamore, P. D., Barton, M. K., & Bartel, D. P. (2004) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600340 · Cited by 681
Regulation of metabolism by the innate immune system
Lackey, D. E., & Olefsky, J. M. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.189 · Cited by 667
Self-citationThe Origins and Drivers of Insulin Resistance
Johnson, A. M. F., & Olefsky, J. M. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.041 · Cited by 661
Self-citationSphingolipid-modulated Exosome Secretion Promotes Clearance of Amyloid-β by Microglia
Yuyama, K., Sun, H., Mitsutake, S., & Igarashi, Y. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.324616 · Cited by 612
Adipose Tissue Exosome-Like Vesicles Mediate Activation of Macrophage-Induced Insulin Resistance
Deng, Z., Poliakov, A., Hardy, R. W., Clements, R. H., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Xiang, X., Zhang, S., Zhuang, X., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0216 · Cited by 596
Molecular Basis for Target RNA Recognition and Cleavage by Human RISC
Ameres, S. L., Martînez, J., & Schroeder, R. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.037 · Cited by 574
Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for diabetes mellitus
Guay, C., & Regazzi, R. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.86 · Cited by 563
Macrophage microvesicles induce macrophage differentiation and miR-223 transfer
Ismail, N., Wang, Y., Dakhlallah, D. A., Moldovan, L., Agarwal, K., Batte, K., Shah, P. A., Wisler, J., Eubank, T. D., Tridandapani, S., et al. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-08-374793 · Cited by 533
Jordan, S. D., Krüger, M., Willmes, D. M., Redemann, N., Wunderlich, F. T., Brönneke, H. S., Merkwirth, C., Kashkar, H., Olkkonen, V. M., Böttger, T., et al. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2211 · Cited by 531
Ofei, F., Hurel, S. J., Newkirk, J., Sopwith, M., & Taylor, R. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.7.881 · Cited by 510
Inflammation and the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB axis in obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance
Shoelson, S. E., Lee, J., & Yuan, M. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802501 · Cited by 474
Romeo, G. R., Lee, J., & Shoelson, S. E. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.241869 · Cited by 396
Increased Macrophage Migration Into Adipose Tissue in Obese Mice
Oh, D. Y., Morinaga, H., Talukdar, S., Bae, E. J., & Olefsky, J. M. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0860 · Cited by 380
Self-citationInvestigation of Macrophage Polarization Using Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages
Ying, W., Cheruku, P. S., Bazer, F. W., Safe, S. H., & Zhou, B. (2013) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/50323 · Cited by 370
Ortega, F. J., Mercader, J. M., Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., Rovira, O., Guerra, E., Esteve, E., Xifra, G., Martínez, C., Ricart, W., Rieusset, J., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1847 · Cited by 365
LTB4 promotes insulin resistance in obese mice by acting on macrophages, hepatocytes and myocytes
Li, P., Oh, D. Y., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Lagakos, W., Talukdar, S., Osborn, O., Johnson, A., Chung, H., Mayoral, R., Maris, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3800 · Cited by 327
Self-citationHulsmans, M., & Holvoet, P. (2013) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvt161 · Cited by 318
Hematopoietic-Derived Galectin-3 Causes Cellular and Systemic Insulin Resistance
Li, P., Liu, S., Lu, M. M., Bandyopadhyay, G. K., Oh, D., Imamura, T., Johnson, A. M. F., Sears, D. D., Shen, Z., Cui, B., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.025 · Cited by 305
Self-citationDominguez, H., Storgaard, H., Rask-Madsen, C., Steffen Hermann, T., Ihlemann, N., Baunbjerg Nielsen, D., Spohr, C., Kober, L., Vaag, A., & Torp-Pedersen, C. (2005) · Journal of Vascular Research · doi:10.1159/000088261 · Cited by 286
miR-155 regulates differentiation of brown and beige adipocytes via a bistable circuit
Chen, Y., Siegel, F., Kipschull, S., Haas, B., Fröhlich, H., Meister, G., & Pfeifer, A. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2742 · Cited by 282
Pescador, N., Pérez‐Barba, M., Ibarra, J. M., Anchuelo, A. C., Martínez-Larrad, M. T., & Serrano‐Ríos, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077251 · Cited by 259
PPARγ activation in adipocytes is sufficient for systemic insulin sensitization
Sugii, S., Olson, P., Sears, D. D., Saberi, M., Atkins, A. R., Barish, G. D., Hong, S.-H., Castro, G. L., Yin, Y.-Q., Nelson, M. C., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912487106 · Cited by 255
Self-citationPaquot, N., Castillo, M. J., Lefèbvre, P. J., & Scheen, A. J. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.3.6417 · Cited by 212
Macrophage TNF-α contributes to insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obesity
De Taeye, B. M., Novitskaya, T., McGuinness, O. P., Gleaves, L., Medda, M., Covington, J. W., & Vaughan, D. E. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2007 · Cited by 208
Exosomal microRNA miR-92a concentration in serum reflects human brown fat activity
Chen, Y., Buyel, J. J., Hanssen, M. J. W., Siegel, F., Pan, R., Naumann, J., Schell, M. J., van der Lans, A. A. J. J., Schlein, C., Fröhlich, H., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11420 · Cited by 186
Spite, M. R., Hellmann, J. L., Tang, Y., Mathis, S., Kosuri, M., Bhatnagar, A., Jala, V. R., & Haribabu, B. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1100196 · Cited by 182
Characterization of Distinct Subpopulations of Hepatic Macrophages in HFD/Obese Mice
Morinaga, H., Mayoral, R., Heinrichsdorff, J., Osborn, O., Franck, N., Hah, N., Walenta, E., Bandyopadhyay, G., Pessentheiner, A. R., Chi, T. J., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1238 · Cited by 175
Self-citationShi, Z., Zhao, C. L., Guo, X., Ding, H., Cui, Y., Shen, R., & Liu, J. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-2046 · Cited by 143
Ortega, F. J., Moreno, M., Mercader, J. M., Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., Fuentes-Batllevell, N., Sabater, M., Ricart, W., & Fernández‐Real, J. M. (2015) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0083-3 · Cited by 113
Lo, J., Bernstein, L. E., Hron, B. M., Torriani, M., Jackson, M. B., Ahima, R. S., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00089.2007 · Cited by 108
Toda, A., Yokomizo, T., & Shimizu, T. (2002) · Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators · doi:10.1016/s0090-6980(02)00056-4 · Cited by 106
Inflamed macrophage microvesicles induce insulin resistance in human adipocytes
Zhang, Y., Shi, L., Mei, H., Zhang, J., Zhu, Y., Han, X., & Zhu, D. (2015) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0016-3 · Cited by 87
Iacomino, G., Russo, P., Stillitano, I., Lauria, F., Marena, P., Ahrens, W., Luca, P. D., & Siani, A. (2016) · Genes & Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0525-3 · Cited by 57
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders
Rohm, T. V., Meier, D. T., Olefsky, J. M., & Donath, M. Y. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013 · Cited by 2,066
Self-citationRNA delivery by extracellular vesicles in mammalian cells and its applications
O’Brien, K., Breyne, K., Ughetto, S., Laurent, L. C., & Breakefield, X. O. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0251-y · Cited by 1,811
Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases
Kumar, M. A., Baba, S. K., Sadida, H. Q., Al-Marzooqi, S. K., Jerobin, J., Altemani, F. H., Algehainy, N. A., Alanazi, M. A., Abou‐Samra, A., Kumar, R., et al. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1 · Cited by 1,545
Extracellular miRNAs: From Biomarkers to Mediators of Physiology and Disease
Mori, M. A., Ludwig, R. G., García-Martín, R., Brandão, B. B., & Kahn, C. R. (2019) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.011 · Cited by 990
Why does obesity cause diabetes?
Klein, S., Gastaldelli, A., Yki-Järvinen, H., & Scherer, P. E. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.012 · Cited by 939
Metadata
- Authors
- Ying, W., Riopel, M., Bandyopadhyay, G., Dong, Y., Birmingham, A., Seo, J. B., Ofrecio, J. M., Wollam, J., Hernandez-Carretero, A., Fu, W., Li, P., & Olefsky, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- UC San Diego Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Olefsky, Jerrold M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 372-384.e12
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2758187157
- Cited by
- 1,191
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 137 · 2022: 161 · 2021: 194 · 2020: 142 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 38.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (16POST31350039)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81600610)
- UCSD/UCLA Diabetes Research Center Pilot and Feasibility (P30 DK063491)
- UC San Diego Clinical and Translational Research Institute (UL1TR001442)
- U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK033651, DK074868, DK063491, DK09062)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Keywords
- adipose tissue macrophages, exosomes, microRNA, miR-155, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, obesity, PPARγ, bone marrow transplantation, paracrine signaling, hormonal regulation, glucose homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Glucose, Insulin Resistance, Liver, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Signal Transduction, Adipocytes, Muscle, Skeletal, Hepatocytes, Muscle Cells, MicroRNAs, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
