Cited by 586Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerNuclear Structure and Function

The Energetics and Physiological Impact of Cohesin Extrusion

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Vian, Laura, Pękowska, Aleksandra, Rao, Suhas S.P., Kieffer-Kwon, Kyong-Rim, Jung, Seolkyoung, Baranello, Laura, Huang, Su-Chen, El Khattabi, Laila +25 more·2018·Cell

Abstract

Cohesin extrusion is thought to play a central role in establishing the architecture of mammalian genomes. However, extrusion has not been visualized in vivo, and thus, its functional impact and energetics are unknown. Using ultra-deep Hi-C, we show that loop domains form by a process that requires cohesin ATPases. Once formed, however, loops and compartments are maintained for hours without energy input. Strikingly, without ATP, we observe the emergence of hundreds of CTCF-independent loops that link regulatory DNA. We also identify architectural "stripes," where a loop anchor interacts with entire domains at high frequency. Stripes often tether super-enhancers to cognate promoters, and in B cells, they facilitate Igh transcription and recombination. Stripe anchors represent major hotspots for topoisomerase-mediated lesions, which promote chromosomal translocations and cancer. In plasmacytomas, stripes can deregulate Igh-translocated oncogenes. We propose that higher organisms have coopted cohesin extrusion to enhance transcription and recombination, with implications for tumor development.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.072

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56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Stripe domains tend to anchor at a single CTCF binding site, which points towards a nearby site for the cohesin-loading factor NIPBL.

    “Stripe domains tend to anchor at a single CTCF binding site (as opposed to two divergent CTCF sites in the classic case for TADs), which points towards a nearby site for the cohesin-loading factor NIPBL [456, 457].”
  • The presence of so-called stripes or flames on Hi-C maps indicates that unidirectional extrusion from an enhancer is quite common.

    “The presence of so-called stripes or flames on Hi-C maps indicates that unidirectional extrusion from an enhancer is quite common [116,117,118].”

    From Enhancer Function in the 3D Genome (2023) · cites this paper as [116]

  • Stripes were enriched in super enhancers.

    “The stripes were enriched in super enhancers (Extended Data Fig. 8a-8b), consistent with previous findings 34.”

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Authors
Vian, L., Pękowska, A., Rao, S. S. P., Kieffer-Kwon, K.-R., Jung, S., Baranello, L., Huang, S.-C., El Khattabi, L., Dose, M., Pruett, N., Sanborn, A. L., Canela, A., Maman, Y., Oksanen, A., Resch, W., Li, X., Lee, B., Kovalchuk, A. L., Tang, Z., Nelson, S., Di Pierro, M., Cheng, R. R., Machol, I., St Hilaire, B. G., Durand, N. C., Shamim, M. S., Stamenova, E. K., Onuchic, J. N., Ruan, Y., Nussenzweig, A., Levens, D., Aiden, E. L., & Casellas, R.
Affiliations
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (US)
  • Baylor College of Medicine (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (US)
Corresponding author
  • Aiden, Erez Lieberman
  • Casellas, Rafael
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-05
Volume
173
Issue
5
Pages
1165-1178.e20
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2800216985
Cited by
581
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 65 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 32
FWCI
25.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2018-09-20)
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • NIAMS, NCI
  • NIAID
  • NIH Helix Systems
  • Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowship
  • Fannie and John Hertz Foundation Fellowship
  • Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Foundation
  • NIH New Innovator Award (1DP2OD008540-01)
  • NSF Physics Frontiers Center Award (PHY-1427654)
  • NHGRI Center for Excellence for Genomic Sciences (HG006193)
  • Welch Foundation (Q-1866, C-1792)
  • NVIDIA Research Center Award
  • IBM University Challenge Award
  • Google Research Award
  • Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas Scholar Award (R1304)
  • USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Grant (2017-05741)
  • McNair Medical Institute Scholar Award
  • NIH Encyclopedia of DNA Elements Mapping Center Award (UM1HG009375)
  • President’s Early Career Award in Science and Engineering
  • NSF (PHY-1427654, CHE-1614101)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
Keywords
3D genome organization, super-enhancers, chromosomal translocation, plasmacytoma, oncogene deregulation
MeSH terms
CCCTC-Binding Factor, Cohesins, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Line, Chromatin, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Chromosomes, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphoproteins, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Mutagenesis, Genome, Cell Cycle Proteins, Mice

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