Cited by 207SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchImmune responses and vaccinationsT-cell and B-cell Immunology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine

Open access

Goel, Rishi R., Painter, Mark M., Lundgreen, Kendall A., Apostolidis, Sokratis A., Baxter, Amy E., Giles, Josephine R., Mathew, Divij, Pattekar, Ajinkya, Reynaldi, Arnold, Khoury, David S., Gouma, Sigrid, Hicks, Philip, Dysinger, Sarah, Hicks, Amanda, Sharma, Harsh, Herring, Sarah, Korte, Scott, KC, Wumesh, Oldridge, Derek A., Erickson, Rachel I., Weirick, Madison E., McAllister, Christopher M., Awofolaju, Moses, Tanenbaum, Nicole, Dougherty, Jeanette, Long, Sherea, D’Andrea, Kurt, Hamilton, Jacob T., McLaughlin, Maura, Williams, Justine C., Adamski, Sharon, Kuthuru, Oliva, Drapeau, Elizabeth M., Davenport, Miles P., Hensley, Scott E., Bates, Paul, Greenplate, Allison R., Wherry, E. John·2022·Cell

DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009PMC PMC8989683

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

We examined antibody and memory B cell responses longitudinally for ∼9-10 months after primary 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and 3 months after a 3rd dose. Antibody decay stabilized between 6 and 9 months, and antibody quality continued to improve for at least 9 months after 2-dose vaccination. Spike- and RBD-specific memory B cells remained durable over time, and 40%-50% of RBD-specific memory B cells simultaneously bound the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Omicron-binding memory B cells were efficiently reactivated by a 3rd dose of wild-type vaccine and correlated with the corresponding increase in neutralizing antibody titers. In contrast, pre-3rd dose antibody titers inversely correlated with the fold-change of antibody boosting, suggesting that high levels of circulating antibodies may limit the added protection afforded by repeat short interval boosting. These data provide insight into the quantity and quality of mRNA-vaccine-induced immunity over time through 3 or more antigen exposures.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009

Cites

52 of 52 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Khoury, D. S., Cromer, D., Reynaldi, A., Schlub, T. E., Wheatley, A. K., Juno, J. A., Subbarao, K., Kent, S. J., Triccas, J. A., & Davenport, M. P. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 · Cited by 3,742
Self-citation
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf4063 · Cited by 2,656 · cited 1×
“Antigen-specific B cell responses were quantified from bulk PBMCs by flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled SARSCoV-2 spike and RBD probes as previously described (Dan et al., 2021; Goel et al., 2021b, 2021a).”
Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization
Planas, D., Veyer, D., Baidaliuk, A., Staropoli, I., Guivel-Benhassine, F., Rajah, M. M., Planchais, C., Porrot, F., Robillard, N., Puech, J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9 · Cited by 1,992 · cited 2×
“Of these VOC, the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant had considerable impact due to its increased infectivity and partial escape from neutralizing antibodies (Mlcochova et al., 2021; Planas et al., 2021).”
Influential
Germinal Centers
Victora, G. D., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075032 · Cited by 1,878
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 · Cited by 1,860
Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months
Levin, E. G., Lustig, Y., Cohen, C., Fluss, R., Indenbaum, V., Amit, S., Doolman, R., Asraf, K., Mendelson, E., Ziv, A., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114583 · Cited by 1,703
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa
Viana, R. P. E. S., Moyo, S. M., Amoako, D. G., Tegally, H., Scheepers, C., Althaus, C. L., Anyaneji, U. J., Bester, P. A., Boni, M. F., Chand, M., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04411-y · Cited by 1,678
Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications
Mathew, D., Giles, J. R., Baxter, A. E., Oldridge, D. A., Greenplate, A. R., Wu, J. E., Alanio, C., Kuri-Cervantes, L., Pampena, M. B., D’Andrea, K., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc8511 · Cited by 1,509
Self-citation
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Garcia-Beltran, W. F., Lam, E. C., St. Denis, K., Nitido, A. D., Garcia, Z. H., Hauser, B. M., Feldman, J., Pavlovic, M. N., Gregory, D. J., Poznansky, M. C., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013 · Cited by 1,353
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion
Mlcochova, P., Kemp, S. A., Dhar, M. S., Papa, G., Meng, B., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Datir, R., Collier, D. A., Albecka, A., Singh, S., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03944-y · Cited by 1,337

Show all 58 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Cele, 2021, Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization, Nature, 602, 654, 10.1038/s41586-021-04387-1 · DOI · Paper page
Shrestha, 2022, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine boosting in persons already protected by natural or vaccine-induced immunity, J. Neurol. Sci., 428, 117607

Sorted by citations

Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 ( Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure
Reynolds, C. J., Pade, C., Gibbons, J. M., Otter, A. D., Lin, K., Sandoval, D. M., Pieper, F. P., Butler, D. K., Liu, S., Joy, G., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abq1841 · Cited by 325
Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost
Muecksch, F., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Gaebler, C., Ben Tanfous, T., DaSilva, J., Bednarski, E., Ramos, V., Zong, S., Johnson, B., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04778-y · Cited by 297
mRNA vaccines in disease prevention and treatment
Zhang, G., Tang, T., Chen, Y., Huang, X., & Liang, T. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01579-1 · Cited by 273
A guide to adaptive immune memory
Lam, N., Lee, Y. S., & Färber, D. L. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01040-6 · Cited by 236
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans
Alsoussi, W. B., Malladi, S. K., Zhou, J. Q., Liu, Z., Ying, B., Kim, W., Schmitz, A. J., Lei, T., Horvath, S. C., Sturtz, A. J., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06025-4 · Cited by 174
Omicron spike function and neutralizing activity elicited by a comprehensive panel of vaccines
Bowen, J. E., Addetia, A., Dang, H. V., Stewart, C., Brown, J. T., Sharkey, W. K., Sprouse, K. R., Walls, A. C., Mazzitelli, I. G., Logue, J. K., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abq0203 · Cited by 160
Recall of preexisting cross-reactive B cell memory after Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection
Kaku, C. I., Bergeron, A. J., Ahlm, C., Normark, J., Sakharkar, M., Forsell, M. N. E., & Walker, L. M. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abq3511 · Cited by 135
RETRACTED: Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) and its sublineages: What do we know so far amid the emergence of recombinant variants of SARS-CoV-2?
Dhawan, M. K., Saied, A. A., Mitra, S., Alhumaydhi, F. A., Emran, T. B., & Wilairatana, P. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113522 · Cited by 130
Retracted
Impact of antigenic evolution and original antigenic sin on SARS-CoV-2 immunity
Aguilar-Bretones, M., Fouchier, R. A. M., Koopmans, M., & van Nierop, G. P. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci162192 · Cited by 108
Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection
Painter, M. M., Johnston, T. S., Lundgreen, K. A., Santos, J. J. S., Qin, J. S., Goel, R. R., Apostolidis, S. A., Mathew, D., Fulmer, B., Williams, J. C., et al. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01613-y · Cited by 106
Self-citation
Instructing durable humoral immunity for COVID-19 and other vaccinable diseases
Bhattacharya, D. (2022) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.004 · Cited by 64
Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines
Huang, C. Q., Vishwanath, S., Carnell, G., Chan, A. C. Y., & Heeney, J. L. (2023) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-023-01505-9 · Cited by 68
Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults
Kared, H., Wolf, A., Alirezaylavasani, A., Ravussin, A., Solum, G., Tran, T. T., Lund‐Johansen, F., Vaage, J. T., Nissen‐Meyer, L. S. H., Nygaard, U. C., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y · Cited by 65
Memory B cell responses to Omicron subvariants after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA breakthrough infection in humans
Wang, Z., Zhou, P., Muecksch, F., Cho, A., Tanfous, T. B., Canis, M., Witte, L., Johnson, B., Raspe, R., Schmidt, F., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20221006 · Cited by 61
Interval between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination impacts magnitude and quality of antibody and B cell responses
Buckner, C. M., Kardava, L., Merhebi, O. E., Narpala, S., Serebryannyy, L., Lin, B. C., Wang, W., Zhang, X., de Assis, F. L., Kelly, S., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.032 · Cited by 66
Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial.
Liu, X., Munro, A. P. S., Feng, S., Janani, L., Aley, P. K., Babbage, G., Baxter, D. N., Bula, M., Cathie, K., Chatterjee, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.018 · Cited by 61
Self-citation
Pre-existing immunity modulates responses to mRNA boosters
Dangi, T., Sanchez, S., Lew, M. H., Awakoaiye, B., Visvabharathy, L., Richner, J. M., Koralnik, I. J., & Penaloza‐MacMaster, P. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112167 · Cited by 55
Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose
Rénia, L., Goh, Y. S., Rouers, A., Bert, N. L., Chia, W. N., Chavatte, J., Fong, S., Chang, Z. W., Zhuo, N. Z., Tay, M. Z., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32312-1 · Cited by 62
Emergence and antibody evasion of BQ, BA.2.75 and SARS-CoV-2 recombinant sub-lineages in the face of maturing antibody breadth at the population level
Akerman, A., Milogiannakis, V., Jean, T., Esneau, C., Silva, M. R., Ison, T., Fichter, C., Lopez, J. A., Chandra, D., Naing, Z., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104545 · Cited by 56
Human memory B cells show plasticity and adopt multiple fates upon recall response to SARS-CoV-2
Zurbuchen, Y., Michler, J., Taeschler, P., Adamo, S., Cervia, C., Raeber, M. E., Acar, İ. E., Nilsson, J., Warnatz, K., Soyka, M., et al. (2023) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-023-01497-y · Cited by 54
Diminished neutralization responses towards SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VoC after mRNA or vector-based COVID-19 vaccinations
(2022) · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22552-y · Cited by 48
Antibody feedback contributes to facilitating the development of Omicron-reactive memory B cells in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinees
Inoue, T., Shinnakasu, R., Chie, K., Yamamoto, H. H., Sakakibara, S., Ono, C., Itoh, Y., Terooatea, T. W., Yamashita, K., Okamoto, T., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20221786 · Cited by 46
Inactivated vaccine-elicited potent antibodies can broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Zhuang, X., Zhang, S., Chen, Z., Zou, Y., Sheng, J., Li, T., Tai, W., Yu, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37926-7 · Cited by 43
Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern
Saha, A., Roy, S. G., Dwivedi, R., Tripathi, P., Kumar, K., Nambiar, S. M., & Pathak, R. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13040424 · Cited by 47
Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralizing activity elicited by a comprehensive panel of human vaccinesPreprint
Bowen, J. E., Sprouse, K. R., Walls, A. C., Mazzitelli, I. G., Logue, J. K., Franko, N., Ahmed, K., Ansari, A. S., Cameroni, E., Gori, A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.15.484542 · Cited by 38
A third dose of the unmodified COVID-19 mRNA vaccine CVnCoV enhances quality and quantity of immune responses
Lenart, K., Hellgren, F., Ols, S., Yan, X., Cagigi, A., Cerveira, R. A., Winge, I. P., Hanczak, J., Mueller, S. O., Jasny, E., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2022.10.001 · Cited by 40
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 exposure history on the T cell and IgG response
Keeton, R., Tincho, M. B., Suzuki, A., Benede, N., Ngomti, A., Baguma, R., Chauke, M. V., Mennen, M., Skelem, S., Adriaanse, M., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100898 · Cited by 37
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity following breakthrough infection builds upon the preexisting memory B cell pool
Weber, T., Dähling, S., Rose, S., Affeldt, P., Vanshylla, K., Ullrich, L., Gieselmann, L., Teipel, F., Gruell, H., Cristanziano, V. D., et al. (2023) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adk5845 · Cited by 36
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections enhance T cell response magnitude, breadth, and epitope repertoire
Tarke, A., Ramezani-Rad, P., Neto, T. A. P., Lee, Y., Silva‐Moraes, V., Goodwin, B., Bloom, N. I., Siddiqui, L., Avalos, L., Frazier, A., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101583 · Cited by 38
Cellular and humoral immune responses and breakthrough infections after three SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine doses
Almendro-Vázquez, P., Chivite‐Lacaba, M., Utrero‐Rico, A., González‐Cuadrado, C., Laguna‐Goya, R., Moreno-Batanero, M., Sánchez-Paz, L., Luczkowiak, J., Labiod, N., Folgueira, M. D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.981350 · Cited by 37
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European studies published up to 22 January 2024
Zhou, G., Dael, N., Verweij, S., Balafas, S., Mubarik, S., Oude Rengerink, K., Pasmooij, A. M. G., van Baarle, D., Mol, P. G. M., de Bock, G. H., et al. (2025) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0222-2024 · Cited by 34
Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses
Maltseva, M., Keeshan, A., Cooper, C., & Langlois, M. (2024) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2024.2384192 · Cited by 34
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives late remodeling of the memory B cell repertoire in vaccinated individuals
Sokal, A., Spaeth, G. B., Hunault, L., Fernández, I., Broketa, M., Meola, A., Fourati, S., Azzaoui, I., Vandenberghe, A., Lagouge-Roussey, P., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.007 · Cited by 37
Atypical B cells and impaired SARS-CoV-2 neutralization following heterologous vaccination in the elderly
Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Lee, C. Y. C., Foster, W. S., Abdullahi, A., Dratva, L. M., Tuong, Z. K., Stewart, B. J., Ferdinand, J. R., Guillaume, S. M., Potts, M., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112991 · Cited by 30
Durable reprogramming of neutralizing antibody responses following Omicron breakthrough infection
Lee, W. S., Tan, H., Reynaldi, A., Esterbauer, R., Koutsakos, M., Nguyen, J. T., Amarasena, T. H., Kent, H. E., Aggarwal, A., Turville, S. G., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adg5301 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
Incorporation of SARS-CoV-2 spike NTD to RBD protein vaccine improves immunity against viral variants
Montgomerie, I., Bird, T. W., Palmer, O. R., Mason, N. C., Pankhurst, T. E., Lawley, B., Hernández, L. C., Harfoot, R., Authier-Hall, A., Anderson, D. E., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106256 · Cited by 27
Tracking B cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine
de Assis, F. L., Hoehn, K. B., Zhang, X., Kardava, L., Smith, C. D., Merhebi, O. E., Buckner, C. M., Trihemasava, K., Wang, W., Seamon, C. A., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112780 · Cited by 28
Safety and superior immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with an RBD-based SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults
Liu, X., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Cao, S., Huang, W., Lin, Y., Huang, Y.-J., Zheng, Y. P., Chen, J., Ying, B., et al. (2022) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-022-00681-3 · Cited by 26
Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2: a population-based study in Hong Kong
Zhou, R., Liu, N., Li, X., Peng, Q., Yiu, C.-K., Huang, H., Yang, D., Du, Z., Kwok, H.-Y., Au, K.-K., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100660 · Cited by 26
Three immunizations with Novavax’s protein vaccines increase antibody breadth and provide durable protection from SARS-CoV-2
Lenart, K., Cerveira, R. A., Hellgren, F., Ols, S., Sheward, D. J., Kim, C., Cagigi, A., Gagné, M., Davis, B. J., Germosen, D., et al. (2024) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00806-2 · Cited by 26
Antibody and B Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination: The End of the Beginning
Röltgen, K., & Boyd, S. D. (2023) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-042754 · Cited by 25
The humoral and cellular immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and sub-lineages
Xiang, T., Wang, J., & Zheng, X. (2022) · Virologica Sinica · doi:10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.007 · Cited by 23
B cell analyses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA third vaccination reveals a hybrid immunity like antibody response
Andreano, E., Paciello, I., Pierleoni, G., Piccini, G., Abbiento, V., Antonelli, G., Pileri, P., Manganaro, N., Pantano, E., Maccari, G., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35781-6 · Cited by 24
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-infection pattern imprints and diversifies T cell differentiation and neutralizing response against Omicron subvariants
Wang, J., Li, K., Mei, X., Cao, J., Zhong, J., Huang, P., Luo, Q., Li, G., Wei, R., Zhong, N., et al. (2022) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00501-3 · Cited by 23
Durability and breadth of neutralisation following multiple antigen exposures to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination
Underwood, A. P., Sølund, C. S., Fernandez-Antunez, C., Villadsen, S. L., Mikkelsen, L. S., Fahnøe, U., Bollerup, S., Winckelmann, A. A., Schneider, U. V., Binderup, A., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104475 · Cited by 21
Repeated Omicron exposures redirect SARS-CoV-2–specific memory B cell evolution toward the latest variants
Kotaki, R., Moriyama, S., Oishi, S., Onodera, T., Adachi, Y., Sasaki, E., Ishino, K., Morikawa, M., Takei, H., Takahashi, H., et al. (2024) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adp9927 · Cited by 27
Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Tsagkli, P., Geropeppa, M., Papadatou, I., & Spoulou, V. I. (2024) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines12091051 · Cited by 24
Antibody evolution to SARS-CoV-2 after single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in humans
Cho, A., Muecksch, F., Wang, Z., Tanfous, T. B., DaSilva, J., Raspe, R., Johnson, B., Bednarski, E., Ramos, V., Schaefer-Babajew, D. J., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20220732 · Cited by 22
COVID-19 therapy and vaccination: a clinical narrative review
Chinta, S. R., Guerra, M. A. R., Shaban, M., Pandey, N., Jaquez-Duran, M., & Vittorio, T. J. (2023) · Drugs in Context · doi:10.7573/dic.2022-7-2 · Cited by 25
Immune dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 experienced immunosuppressed rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis patients vaccinated with mRNA-1273
Verstegen, N. J. M., Hagen, R. R., van den Dijssel, J., Kuijper, L. H., Kreher, C., Ashhurst, T. M., Kummer, L. Y. L., Steenhuis, M., Duurland, M. C., de Jongh, R., et al. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.77969 · Cited by 21
Immune responses related to the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines
Matsumura, T., Takano, T., & Takahashi, Y. (2022) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxac064 · Cited by 21
Memory B cell development elicited by mRNA booster vaccinations in the elderly
Wang, Z., Muecksch, F., Raspe, R., Johannsen, F., Turroja, M., Canis, M., ElTanbouly, M. A., Santos, G. S. S., Johnson, B., Baharani, V. A., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20230668 · Cited by 19
Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination or Infection Show Different Dynamics and Responsiveness to the Omicron Variant
Mise‐Omata, S., Ikeda, M., Takeshita, M., Uwamino, Y., Wakui, M., Arai, T., Yoshifuji, A., Murano, K., Siomi, H., Nakagawara, K., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2200525 · Cited by 20
The BNT162b2 vaccine induces humoral and cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant in children 5 to 11 years of age
Cinicola, B. L., Mortari, E. P., Zicari, A. M., Agrati, C., Bordoni, V., Albano, C., Fedele, G., Schiavoni, I., Leone, P., Fiore, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094727 · Cited by 20
BNT162b2 booster after heterologous prime-boost vaccination induces potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in young adults
Seidel, A., Zanoni, M., Groß, R. M., Krnavek, D., Erdemci-Evin, S., von Maltitz, P., Albers, D., Conzelmann, C., Liu, S., Weil, T., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.882918 · Cited by 17
Booster Immunization Improves Memory B Cell Responses in Older Adults Unresponsive to Primary SARS-CoV-2 Immunization
Verheul, M. K., Nijhof, K. H., de Zeeuw‐Brouwer, M., Duijm, G., ten Hulscher, H. I., de Rond, L., Beckers, L., Eggink, D., van Tol, S., Reimerink, J. H. J., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11071196 · Cited by 19
Homologous but not heterologous COVID-19 vaccine booster elicits IgG4+ B-cells and enhanced Omicron subvariant binding
Hartley, G. E., Fryer, H. A., Gill, P. A., Boo, I., Bornheimer, S. J., Hogarth, P. M., Drummer, H. E., O’Hehir, R. E., Edwards, E. S. J., & van Zelm, M. C. (2024) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00919-8 · Cited by 24
The effect of Omicron breakthrough infection and extended BNT162b2 booster dosing on neutralization breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Graham, C., Lechmere, T., Rehman, A., Seow, J., Kurshan, A., Huettner, I., Maguire, T. J. A., Tam, J. C. H., Cox, D., Ward, C. C., et al. (2022) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010882 · Cited by 14
COVID-19 Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Elicits a Robust Memory B Cell Response with the Capacity to Recognize Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 Variants
Fryer, H. A., Hartley, G. E., Edwards, E. S. J., Varese, N. P., Boo, I., Bornheimer, S. J., Hogarth, P. M., Drummer, H. E., O’Hehir, R. E., & van Zelm, M. C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-023-01527-2 · Cited by 14
Characterization of Entry Pathways, Species-Specific Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Residues Determining Entry, and Antibody Neutralization Evasion of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Variants
Neerukonda, S. N., Wang, R., Vassell, R. A., Baha, H., Lusvarghi, S., Liu, S., Wang, T. T., Weiss, C. D., & Wang, W. (2022) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01140-22 · Cited by 16
Non-Omicron breakthrough infection with higher viral load and longer vaccination-infection interval improves SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 neutralization
Miyamoto, S., Arashiro, T., Ueno, A., Kanno, T., Saito, S., Katano, H., Iida, S., Ainai, A., Ozono, S., Hemmi, T., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.105969 · Cited by 13
Dosing interval regimen shapes potency and breadth of antibody repertoire after vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein subunit vaccine
Guo, S., Zheng, Y., Gao, Z., Duan, M., Liu, S., Du, P., Xu, X., Xu, K., Zhao, X., Chai, Y., et al. (2023) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-023-00585-5 · Cited by 16
Enhanced BNT162b2 vaccine-induced cellular immunity in anti-CD19 CAR T cell–treated patients
Oh, B. L. Z., Tan, N., de Alwis, R., Kunasegaran, K., Chen, Z., Poon, M., Chan, E., Low, J. G. H., Yeoh, A. E. J., Bertoletti, A., et al. (2022) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2022016166 · Cited by 17
Early CD4+ T cell responses induced by the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine predict immunological memory
Bai, J., Chiba, A., Murayama, G., Kuga, T., Yahagi, Y., Tabe, Y., Tamura, N., & Miyake, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24938-4 · Cited by 17
Impact of hybrid immunity booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection on SARS-CoV-2 VOCs cross-neutralization
Pradenas, E., Marfil, S., Urrea, V., Trigueros, M., Pidkova, T., Pons-Grífols, A., Ortiz, R., Rovirosa, C., Tarrés-Freixas, F., Aguilar‐Gurrieri, C., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106457 · Cited by 17
Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine
Ciabattini, A., Pastore, G., Lucchesi, S., Montesi, G., Costagli, S., Polvere, J., Fiorino, F., Pettini, E., Lippi, A., Ancillotti, L., et al. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12131706 · Cited by 12
Boosting with an aerosolized Ad5-nCoV elicited robust immune responses in inactivated COVID-19 vaccines recipients
Zhang, Z., Wu, S., Liu, Y., Li, K., Fan, P., Song, X., Wang, Y., Zhao, Z., Zhang, X., Shang, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239179 · Cited by 15
Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus
Sarin, K. Y., Zheng, H., Chaichian, Y., Arunachalam, P. S., Swaminathan, G., Eschholz, A., Gao, F., Wirz, O. F., Lam, B. K., Yang, E., et al. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.176556 · Cited by 14
Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination – kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells
Wietschel, K. A., Fechtner, K., Antileo, E., Abdurrahman, G., Drechsler, C. A., Makuvise, M. K., Rose, R., Voß, M., Krumbholz, A., Michalik, S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382911 · Cited by 15
New insights into human immune memory from SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and vaccination
Hartley, G. E., Edwards, E. S. J., O’Hehir, R. E., & van Zelm, M. C. (2022) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.15502 · Cited by 15
Humoral immunity for durable control of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants
Kotaki, R., Moriyama, S., & Takahashi, Y. (2023) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s41232-023-00255-9 · Cited by 15
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection and hospitalisation in Belgium, July 2021 to May 2022
Braeye, T., van Loenhout, J. A. F., Brondeel, R., Stouten, V., Hubin, P., Billuart, M., Chung, P. Y. J., Vandromme, M., Wyndham-Thomas, C., Blot, K. Y., et al. (2023) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.26.2200768 · Cited by 16
Omicron variants breakthrough infection elicited higher specific memory immunity than third dose booster in healthy vaccinees
Yu, P., Liu, Z., Zhu, Z., Yang, J., Deng, M., Chen, M., Lai, C., Kong, W., Xiong, S., Wan, L., et al. (2023) · Virologica Sinica · doi:10.1016/j.virs.2022.12.008 · Cited by 14
Comparing the immune response and protective effect of COVID-19 vaccine under different vaccination strategies
Zhao, T., Huang, X., & Shu, Y. (2023) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2023.2273155 · Cited by 14
Booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccination ameliorates impaired B-cell but not T-cell responses in older adults
Kometani, K., Yorimitsu, T., Jo, N., Yamaguchi, E., Kikuchi, O., Fukahori, M., Sawada, T., Tsujimoto, Y., Sunami, A., Li, M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455334 · Cited by 15
Profiling the B cell immune response elicited by vaccination against the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2
Pettini, E., Medaglini, D., & Ciabattini, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058748 · Cited by 14
Broad and potent neutralizing antibodies are elicited in vaccinated individuals following Delta/BA.1 breakthrough infection
Seow, J., Shalim, Z. A., Graham, C., Kimuda, S., Pillai, A., Lechmere, T., Kurshan, A., Khimji, A. M., Snell, L. B., Nebbia, G., et al. (2023) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01206-23 · Cited by 10
An ancestral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces anti-Omicron variants antibodies by hypermutation
Park, S., Choi, J., Lee, Y., Noh, J., Kim, N., Lee, J., Cho, G., Kim, S., Yoo, D. K., Kang, C. K., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47743-1 · Cited by 14
Maturation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific memory B cells drives resilience to viral escape
Marzi, R., Bassi, J., Silacci-Fregni, C., Bartha, I., Muoio, F., Culap, K., Sprugasci, N., Lombardo, G., Saliba, C., Cameroni, E., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105726 · Cited by 12
Memory B cell differentiation from germinal centers
Inoue, T. (2023) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxad017 · Cited by 13
Long-term adaptive response in COVID-19 vaccine recipients and the effect of a booster dose
Perico, L., Todeschini, M., Casiraghi, F., Mister, M., Pezzotta, A., Peracchi, T., Tomasoni, S., Trionfini, P., Benigni, A., & Remuzzi, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123158 · Cited by 12
Persistent IgG1 clones dominate and personalize the plasma antibody repertoire
van Rijswijck, D. M. H., Bondt, A., Raafat, D., Holtfreter, S., Wietschel, K. A., van der Lans, S. P. A., Völker, U., Bröker, B. M., & Heck, A. J. R. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adt7746 · Cited by 10
Infection-mediated immune response in SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and implications for next-generation COVID-19 vaccine development
Miyamoto, S., & Suzuki, T. (2024) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.088 · Cited by 13
Decrypting the Immune Symphony for RNA Vaccines
Weidensee, B., & Sahu, I. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13080882 · Cited by 13
Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants following mRNA booster vaccination in adults older than 65 years
Durier, C., Ninove, L., Lefebvre, M., Radenne, A., Desaint, C., Ropers, J., Bauer, R., Lebbah, S., Carette, D., Lachâtre, M., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24409-w · Cited by 10
Immunogenicity and safety in pigs of PHH-1V, a SARS-CoV-2 RBD fusion heterodimer vaccine candidate
Moros, A., Prenafeta, A., Barreiro, A., Perozo, E., Fernández, A., Cañete, M., González‐González, L., Garriga, C., Pradenas, E., Marfil, S., et al. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.008 · Cited by 9
Toxin exposure and HLA alleles determine serum antibody binding to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) of Staphylococcus aureus
Weiß, S., Holtfreter, S., Meyer, T. C., Schmiedeke, F., Cammann, C., Dörr, M., Felix, S. B., Grabe, H. J., Homuth, G., Köhler, C., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229562 · Cited by 11
A review of COVID vaccines: success against a moving target
Chong, S. H., Burn, L., Cheng, M. T. K., Warr, I. S., & Kenyon, J. C. (2022) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldac025 · Cited by 9
Effectiveness of Booster Vaccinations on the Control of COVID-19 during the Spread of Omicron Variant in Malaysia
Wong, M. T. J., Dhaliwal, S. S., Balakrishnan, V., Nordin, F., Norazmi, M. N., & Tye, G. J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021647 · Cited by 11
Humoral Responses Elicited after a Fifth Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Bivalent Vaccine
Tauzin, A., Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Benlarbi, M., Nayrac, M., Bo, Y., Gendron‐Lepage, G., Medjahed, H., Perreault, J., Gokool, L., Arlotto, P., et al. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15091926 · Cited by 10
Hybrid and SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunity in kidney transplant recipients
Kared, H., Alirezaylavasani, A., Lund, K. P., Chopra, A., Tietze, L., Kasahara, T. D. M., Goll, G. L., Grødeland, G., Kaarbø, M., Reisæter, A. V., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104833 · Cited by 12
Deep immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing depicts a comprehensive atlas of spike-specific antibody lineages shared among COVID-19 convalescents
Yan, Q., Zhang, Y., Hou, R., Pan, W., Liang, H., Gao, X., Deng, W., Huang, X., Qu, L., Tang, C., et al. (2023) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2023.2290841 · Cited by 9
COVID-19 mRNA third dose induces a unique hybrid immunity-like antibody responsePreprint
Andreano, E., Paciello, I., Pierleoni, G., Piccini, G., Abbiento, V., Antonelli, G., Pileri, P., Manganaro, N., Pantano, E., Maccari, G., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491201 · Cited by 10
Modeling and predicting individual variation in COVID-19 vaccine-elicited antibody response in the general population
Nakamura, N., Kobashi, Y., Kim, K. S., Park, H., Tani, Y., Shimazu, Y., Zhao, T., Nishikawa, Y., Omata, F., Kawashima, M., et al. (2024) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000497 · Cited by 7
Immunological memory to vaccines
Crotty, S. (2026) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2026.02.019 · Cited by 9
Antibody Response Induced by BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of Healthcare Workers
Delgado, J. F., Berenguer, A., Julià, G., Navarro, G., Espasa, M., Rodríguez, S., Sánchez, N., den Eynde, E. V., Navarro, M., Calvet, J., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14061235 · Cited by 10
Longitudinal Changes in IgG-Type SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Titers after COVID-19 Vaccination and a Prominent Increase in Antibody Titers When Infected after Vaccination
Kusunoki, H., Ohkusa, M., Iida, R., Saito, A., Kawahara, M., Ekawa, K., Kato, N., Yamasaki, K., Motone, M., & Shimizu, H. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11040860 · Cited by 12
Modeling COVID-19 vaccine booster-elicited antibody response and impact of infection history
Nishiyama, T., Miyamatsu, Y., Park, H., Nakamura, N., Shibata, R. Y., Iwami, S., & Nagasaki, Y. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.040 · Cited by 7
Phenotypic heterogeneity defines B cell responses to repeated SARS-CoV-2 exposures through vaccination and infection
Kardava, L., Lim, J., Buckner, C. M., de Assis, F. L., Zhang, X., Wang, W. J., Melnyk, M. L. S., Merhebi, O. E., Trihemasava, K., Teng, I., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115557 · Cited by 8
Saturation time of exposure interval for cross-neutralization response to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for vaccine dose interval
Miyamoto, S., Kuroda, Y., Kanno, T., Ueno, A., Shiwa-Sudo, N., Iwata‐Yoshikawa, N., Sakai, Y., Nagata, N., Arashiro, T., Ainai, A., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106694 · Cited by 6

Authors: Goel, R. R., Painter, M. M., Lundgreen, K. A., Apostolidis, S. A., Baxter, A. E., Giles, J. R., Mathew, D., Pattekar, A., Reynaldi, A., Khoury, D. S., Gouma, S., Hicks, P., Dysinger, S., Hicks, A., Sharma, H., Herring, S., Korte, S., KC, W., Oldridge, D. A., Erickson, R. I., Weirick, M. E., McAllister, C. M., Awofolaju, M., Tanenbaum, N., Dougherty, J., Long, S., D’Andrea, K., Hamilton, J. T., McLaughlin, M., Williams, J. C., Adamski, S., Kuthuru, O., Drapeau, E. M., Davenport, M. P., Hensley, S. E., Bates, P., Greenplate, A. R., & Wherry, E. J.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (US)
UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author: Wherry, E. John
ORCID: Goel, Rishi R.
Painter, Mark M.
Lundgreen, Kendall A.
Apostolidis, Sokratis A.
Baxter, Amy E.
Giles, Josephine R.
Mathew, Divij
Pattekar, Ajinkya
Reynaldi, Arnold
Khoury, David S.
Gouma, Sigrid
Hicks, Philip
Dysinger, Sarah
Sharma, Harsh
Herring, Sarah
Korte, Scott
Oldridge, Derek A.
Erickson, Rachel I.
Weirick, Madison E.
McAllister, Christopher M.
Awofolaju, Moses
Tanenbaum, Nicole
Dougherty, Jeanette
Long, Sherea
Hamilton, Jacob T.
Williams, Justine C.
Adamski, Sharon
Kuthuru, Oliva
Drapeau, Elizabeth M.
Davenport, Miles P.
Hensley, Scott E.
Bates, Paul
Greenplate, Allison R.
Wherry, E. John
Venue: Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-05
Volume: 185
Issue: 11
Pages: 1875-1887.e8
ISSN: 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009
PMC: PMC8989683
OpenAlex: W4225964771
Cited by: 207
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 58
FWCI: 23.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 390 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Cell (publishedVersion)
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (T32 AI055400, T32 CA009140, T32 AR076951-01, AI155577, AI108545, P30CA016520, AI142638, U19AI082630, AI152236, AI149680, 75N93021C00015, HL143613)
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans
Australian Research Council
Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
NHMRC (GNT1149990)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords: COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, Omicron variant, memory B cells, antibody waning, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, receptor binding domain, antibody quality, vaccine-induced immunity, antibody boosting, long-term antibody persistence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks