The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
We examined antibody and memory B cell responses longitudinally for ∼9-10 months after primary 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and 3 months after a 3rd dose. Antibody decay stabilized between 6 and 9 months, and antibody quality continued to improve for at least 9 months after 2-dose vaccination. Spike- and RBD-specific memory B cells remained durable over time, and 40%-50% of RBD-specific memory B cells simultaneously bound the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Omicron-binding memory B cells were efficiently reactivated by a 3rd dose of wild-type vaccine and correlated with the corresponding increase in neutralizing antibody titers. In contrast, pre-3rd dose antibody titers inversely correlated with the fold-change of antibody boosting, suggesting that high levels of circulating antibodies may limit the added protection afforded by repeat short interval boosting. These data provide insight into the quantity and quality of mRNA-vaccine-induced immunity over time through 3 or more antigen exposures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A booster serves as a re-exposure to the virus, which creates new antibodies as well as additional and improved memory B-cells responses to fight off future infections.”
From Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of European studies published up to 22 January 2024 (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This finding is consistent with the dynamics of antibody titres following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, showing that the initial high antibody levels appear to decline over time [17–19].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It has even been found that booster exposure also improves the ability of the memory B-cells to recognise unknown variants such as the Omicron strain [18, 20].”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Khoury, D. S., Cromer, D., Reynaldi, A., Schlub, T. E., Wheatley, A. K., Juno, J. A., Subbarao, K., Kent, S. J., Triccas, J. A., & Davenport, M. P. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 · Cited by 3,742
Self-citationImmunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf4063 · Cited by 2,656 · cited 1×
“Antigen-specific B cell responses were quantified from bulk PBMCs by flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled SARSCoV-2 spike and RBD probes as previously described (Dan et al., 2021; Goel et al., 2021b, 2021a).”
Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization
Planas, D., Veyer, D., Baidaliuk, A., Staropoli, I., Guivel-Benhassine, F., Rajah, M. M., Planchais, C., Porrot, F., Robillard, N., Puech, J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9 · Cited by 1,992 · cited 2×
“Of these VOC, the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant had considerable impact due to its increased infectivity and partial escape from neutralizing antibodies (Mlcochova et al., 2021; Planas et al., 2021).”
InfluentialVictora, G. D., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2012) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075032 · Cited by 1,878
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 · Cited by 1,860
Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months
Levin, E. G., Lustig, Y., Cohen, C., Fluss, R., Indenbaum, V., Amit, S., Doolman, R., Asraf, K., Mendelson, E., Ziv, A., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114583 · Cited by 1,703
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa
Viana, R. P. E. S., Moyo, S. M., Amoako, D. G., Tegally, H., Scheepers, C., Althaus, C. L., Anyaneji, U. J., Bester, P. A., Boni, M. F., Chand, M., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04411-y · Cited by 1,674
Mathew, D., Giles, J. R., Baxter, A. E., Oldridge, D. A., Greenplate, A. R., Wu, J. E., Alanio, C., Kuri-Cervantes, L., Pampena, M. B., D’Andrea, K., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc8511 · Cited by 1,509
Self-citationMultiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Garcia-Beltran, W. F., Lam, E. C., St. Denis, K., Nitido, A. D., Garcia, Z. H., Hauser, B. M., Feldman, J., Pavlovic, M. N., Gregory, D. J., Poznansky, M. C., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013 · Cited by 1,353
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion
Mlcochova, P., Kemp, S. A., Dhar, M. S., Papa, G., Meng, B., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Datir, R., Collier, D. A., Albecka, A., Singh, S., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03944-y · Cited by 1,337
Cele, S., Jackson, L., Khoury, D. S., Khan, K., Moyo-Gwete, T., Tegally, H., San, J. E., Cromer, D., Scheepers, C., Amoako, D., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.21267417 · Cited by 1,333
Self-citationGreaney, A. J., Loes, A. N., Crawford, K. H. D., Starr, T. N., Malone, K. D., Chu, H. Y., & Bloom, J. D. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.003 · Cited by 1,178 · cited 1×
“Mutations found in SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly those in the spike glycoprotein, can alter viral transmission and immune recognition (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021; Greaney et al., 2021a, 2021b).”
Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift
Cameroni, E., Bowen, J. E., Rosen, L. E., Saliba, C., Zepeda, S. K., Culap, K., Pinto, D., VanBlargan, L. A., Marco, A. D., di Iulio, J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04386-2 · Cited by 1,070
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Garcia-Beltran, W. F., St. Denis, K. J., Hoelzemer, A., Lam, E. C., Nitido, A. D., Sheehan, M. L., Berrios, C., Ofoman, O., Chang, C. C., Hauser, B. M., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.033 · Cited by 1,045
mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern
Goel, R. R., Painter, M. M., Apostolidis, S. A., Mathew, D., Meng, W., Rosenfeld, A. M., Lundgreen, K. A., Reynaldi, A., Khoury, D. S., Pattekar, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm0829 · Cited by 873
Self-citationBeyond binding: antibody effector functions in infectious diseases
Lu, L. L., Suscovich, T. J., Fortune, S. M., & Alter, G. (2017) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2017.106 · Cited by 862
Tarke, A., Coelho, C. H., Zhang, Z., Dan, J. M., Yu, E. D., Methot, N., Bloom, N. I., Goodwin, B., Phillips, E., Mallal, S., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.015 · Cited by 858
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses
Turner, J. S., O’Halloran, J. A., Kalaidina, E., Kim, W., Schmitz, A. J., Zhou, J. Q., Lei, T., Thapa, M., Chen, R. E., Case, J. B., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03738-2 · Cited by 831
SPICE: Exploration and analysis of post‐cytometric complex multivariate datasets
Roederer, M., Nozzi, J. L., & Nason, M. (2011) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.21015 · Cited by 822
Goel, R. R., Apostolidis, S. A., Painter, M. M., Mathew, D., Pattekar, A., Kuthuru, O., Gouma, S., Hicks, P., Meng, W., Rosenfeld, A. M., et al. (2021) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abi6950 · Cited by 655
Self-citationDifferent B Cell Populations Mediate Early and Late Memory During an Endogenous Immune Response
Pape, K. A., Taylor, J. J., Maul, R. W., Gearhart, P. J., & Jenkins, M. K. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1201730 · Cited by 572
Painter, M. M., Mathew, D., Goel, R. R., Apostolidis, S. A., Pattekar, A., Kuthuru, O., Baxter, A. E., Herati, R. S., Oldridge, D. A., Gouma, S., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.001 · Cited by 499
Self-citationThe first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights
Carvalho, T., Krammer, F., & Iwasaki, A. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1 · Cited by 483
Röltgen, K., Nielsen, S. C. A., Silva, O., Younes, S. F., Zaslavsky, M., Costales, C., Yang, F., Wirz, O. F., Solis, D., Hoh, R. A., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.018 · Cited by 475
Mapping mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that escape binding by different classes of antibodies
Greaney, A. J., Starr, T. N., Barnes, C. O., Weisblum, Y., Schmidt, F., Caskey, M., Gaebler, C., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Finkin, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24435-8 · Cited by 433 · cited 1×
“Mutations found in SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly those in the spike glycoprotein, can alter viral transmission and immune recognition (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021; Greaney et al., 2021a, 2021b).”
Plasma Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Schmidt, F., Muecksch, F., Weisblum, Y., Da Silva, J., Bednarski, E., Cho, A., Wang, Z., Gaebler, C., Caskey, M., Nussenzweig, M. C., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2119641 · Cited by 432
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine–elicited human sera
Muik, A., Lui, B. G., Wallisch, A.-K., Bacher, M., Mühl, J., Reinholz, J., Ozhelvaci, O., Beckmann, N., Güimil Garcia, R. D. L. C., Poran, A., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abn7591 · Cited by 367
Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike
Yamasoba, D., Kimura, I., Nasser, H., Morioka, Y., Nao, N., Ito, J., Uriu, K., Tsuda, M., Zahradník, J., Shirakawa, K., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.035 · Cited by 366
Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to mRNA vaccination
Kim, W., Zhou, J. Q., Horvath, S. C., Schmitz, A. J., Sturtz, A. J., Lei, T., Liu, Z., Kalaidina, E., Thapa, M., Alsoussi, W. B., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04527-1 · Cited by 362
Planas, D., Veyer, D. L., Baidaliuk, A., Staropoli, I., Guivel‐Benhassine, F., Rajah, M. M., Planchais, C., Porrot, F., Robillard, N., Puech, J., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.05.26.445838 · Cited by 272
The germinal centre B cell response to SARS-CoV-2
Laidlaw, B. J., & Ellebedy, A. H. (2022) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00657-1 · Cited by 268
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination
Cho, A., Muecksch, F., Schaefer-Babajew, D. J., Wang, Z., Finkin, S., Gaebler, C., Ramos, V., Cipolla, M., Mendoza, P., Agudelo, M., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04060-7 · Cited by 263
Lau, D., Lan, L. Y.-L., Andrews, S. F., Henry, C., Rojas, K. T., Neu, K. E., Huang, M., Huang, Y., DeKosky, B. J., Palm, A.-K. E., et al. (2017) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aai8153 · Cited by 251
Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift
Cameroni, E., Bowen, J. E., Rosen, L. E., Saliba, C., Zepeda, S. K., Culap, K., Pinto, D., VanBlargan, L. A., Marco, A. D., di Iulio, J., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-021-03825-4 · Cited by 251
Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa
Viana, R. P. E. S., Moyo, S. M., Amoako, D. G., Tegally, H., Scheepers, C., Althaus, C. L., Anyaneji, U. J., Bester, P. A., Boni, M. F., Chand, M., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.21268028 · Cited by 250
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Garcia-Beltran, W. F., Lam, E. C., St. Denis, K., Nitido, A. D., Garcia, Z. H., Hauser, B. M., Feldman, J., Pavlovic, M. N., Gregory, D. J., Poznansky, M. C., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.006 · Cited by 243
High genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody escape
Schmidt, F., Weisblum, Y., Rutkowska, M., Poston, D., DaSilva, J., Zhang, F., Bednarski, E., Cho, A., Schaefer-Babajew, D. J., Gaebler, C., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04005-0 · Cited by 216
Gagné, M., Moliva, J. I., Foulds, K. E., Andrew, S. F., Flynn, B. J., Werner, A. P., Wagner, D. A., Teng, I., Lin, B. C., Moore, C. A., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.038 · Cited by 209
Imprinted SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory Lymphocytes Define Hybrid Immunity
Rodda, L. B., Morawski, P. A., Pruner, K. B., Fahning, M. L., Howard, C. A., Franko, N., Logue, J. K., Eggenberger, J., Stokes, C., Golez, I., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.018 · Cited by 201
Fcγ Receptor Function and the Design of Vaccination Strategies
Bournazos, S., & Ravetch, J. V. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.009 · Cited by 188
Memory B cell repertoire from triple vaccinees against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants
Wang, K., Jia, Z., Bao, L., Wang, L., Cao, L., Chi, H., Hu, Y., Li, Q., Zhou, Y., Jiang, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04466-x · Cited by 172
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among parturient women in Philadelphia
Flannery, D. D., Gouma, S., Dhudasia, M. B., Mukhopadhyay, S., Pfeifer, M. R., Woodford, E. C., Gerber, J. S., Arevalo, C. P., Bolton, M. J., Weirick, M. E., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5709 · Cited by 125
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing memory B cells are elicited by two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine
Kotaki, R., Adachi, Y., Moriyama, S., Onodera, T., Fukushi, S., Nagakura, T., Tonouchi, K., Terahara, K., Sun, L., Takano, T., et al. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abn8590 · Cited by 115
Neutralization and durability of 2 or 3 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine against Omicron SARS-CoV-2
Xia, H., Zou, J., Kurhade, C., Cai, H., Yang, Q., Cutler, M. W., Cooper, D., Muik, A., Jansen, K. U., Xie, X., et al. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.02.015 · Cited by 102
Gagné, M., Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B. J., Foulds, K. E., Wagner, D. A., Andrew, S. F., Todd, J.-P. M., Honeycutt, C. C., McCormick, L., Nurmukhambetova, S. T., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.002 · Cited by 71
Gagné, M., Moliva, J. I., Foulds, K. E., Andrew, S. F., Flynn, B. J., Werner, A. P., Wagner, D. A., Teng, I., Lin, B. C., Moore, C. A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.479037 · Cited by 47
Chatterjee, D., Tauzin, A., Marchitto, L., Gong, S. Y., Boutin, M., Bourassa, C., Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Bo, Y., Ding, S., Laumaea, A., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110429 · Cited by 46
Increased Potency and Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies After a Third mRNA Vaccine DosePreprint
Muecksch, F., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Gaebler, C., Tanfous, T. B., DaSilva, J., Bednarski, E., Ramos, V., Zong, S., Johnson, B. A., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.14.480394 · Cited by 41
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Boosting in Previously Infected or Vaccinated Individuals
Shrestha, N. K. M., Shrestha, P., Burke, P. C., Nowacki, A. S., Terpeluk, P., & Gordon, S. M. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac327 · Cited by 27
Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 variantPreprint
Tamura, T., Mizuma, K., Nasser, H., Deguchi, S., Padilla‐Blanco, M., Uriu, K., Tolentino, J. E., Tsujino, S., Suzuki, R., Kojima, I., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.02.565304 · Cited by 22
Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinationPreprint
Kim, W., Zhou, J. Q., Sturtz, A. J., Horvath, S. C., Schmitz, A. J., Lei, T., Kalaidina, E., Thapa, M., Alsoussi, W. B., Haile, A., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.10.31.466651 · Cited by 18
Flagged first, then by citations
6 of the 58 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Cele, 2021, Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization, Nature, 602, 654, 10.1038/s41586-021-04387-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Shrestha, 2022, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine boosting in persons already protected by natural or vaccine-induced immunity, J. Neurol. Sci., 428, 117607
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 ( Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure
Reynolds, C. J., Pade, C., Gibbons, J. M., Otter, A. D., Lin, K., Sandoval, D. M., Pieper, F. P., Butler, D. K., Liu, S., Joy, G., et al. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abq1841 · Cited by 325
Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost
Muecksch, F., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Gaebler, C., Ben Tanfous, T., DaSilva, J., Bednarski, E., Ramos, V., Zong, S., Johnson, B., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04778-y · Cited by 297
mRNA vaccines in disease prevention and treatment
Zhang, G., Tang, T., Chen, Y., Huang, X., & Liang, T. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01579-1 · Cited by 273
A guide to adaptive immune memory
Lam, N., Lee, Y. S., & Färber, D. L. (2024) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01040-6 · Cited by 236
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron boosting induces de novo B cell response in humans
Alsoussi, W. B., Malladi, S. K., Zhou, J. Q., Liu, Z., Ying, B., Kim, W., Schmitz, A. J., Lei, T., Horvath, S. C., Sturtz, A. J., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06025-4 · Cited by 174
Metadata
- Authors
- Goel, R. R., Painter, M. M., Lundgreen, K. A., Apostolidis, S. A., Baxter, A. E., Giles, J. R., Mathew, D., Pattekar, A., Reynaldi, A., Khoury, D. S., Gouma, S., Hicks, P., Dysinger, S., Hicks, A., Sharma, H., Herring, S., Korte, S., KC, W., Oldridge, D. A., Erickson, R. I., Weirick, M. E., McAllister, C. M., Awofolaju, M., Tanenbaum, N., Dougherty, J., Long, S., D’Andrea, K., Hamilton, J. T., McLaughlin, M., Williams, J. C., Adamski, S., Kuthuru, O., Drapeau, E. M., Davenport, M. P., Hensley, S. E., Bates, P., Greenplate, A. R., & Wherry, E. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wherry, E. John
- ORCID
- Goel, Rishi R.
- Painter, Mark M.
- Lundgreen, Kendall A.
- Apostolidis, Sokratis A.
- Baxter, Amy E.
- Giles, Josephine R.
- Mathew, Divij
- Pattekar, Ajinkya
- Reynaldi, Arnold
- Khoury, David S.
- Gouma, Sigrid
- Hicks, Philip
- Dysinger, Sarah
- Sharma, Harsh
- Herring, Sarah
- Korte, Scott
- Oldridge, Derek A.
- Erickson, Rachel I.
- Weirick, Madison E.
- McAllister, Christopher M.
- Awofolaju, Moses
- Tanenbaum, Nicole
- Dougherty, Jeanette
- Long, Sherea
- Hamilton, Jacob T.
- Williams, Justine C.
- Adamski, Sharon
- Kuthuru, Oliva
- Drapeau, Elizabeth M.
- Davenport, Miles P.
- Hensley, Scott E.
- Bates, Paul
- Greenplate, Allison R.
- Wherry, E. John
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1875-1887.e8
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8989683
- OpenAlex
- W4225964771
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 58
- FWCI
- 23.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 390 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (T32 AI055400, T32 CA009140, T32 AR076951-01, AI155577, AI108545, P30CA016520, AI142638, U19AI082630, AI152236, AI149680, 75N93021C00015, HL143613)
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Paul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans
- Australian Research Council
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy
- NHMRC (GNT1149990)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, Omicron variant, memory B cells, antibody waning, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, receptor binding domain, antibody quality, vaccine-induced immunity, antibody boosting, long-term antibody persistence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
