Divergent properties and independent regulation of striatal dopamine and GABA co-transmission
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Substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine neurons play a key role in regulating the activity of striatal circuits within the basal ganglia. In addition to dopamine, these neurons release several other transmitters, including the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Both dopamine and GABA are loaded into SNc synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), and co-release of GABA provides strong inhibition to the striatum by directly inhibiting striatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) through activation of GABA A receptors. Here, we found that despite both dopamine and GABA being co-packaged by VMAT2, the properties of transmission, including Ca 2+ sensitivity, release probability, and requirement of active zone scaffolding proteins, differ between the two transmitters. Moreover, the extent by which presynaptic neuromodulators inhibit co-transmission also varied. Differences in modulation and the mechanisms controlling release allow for independent regulation of dopamine and GABA signals despite both being loaded via similar mechanisms.
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DA and GABA may be segregated into not fully overlapping and potentially separate vesicle populations, despite both depending on vMAT2 for vesicular loading.
“These findings suggest that DA and GABA may be segregated into not fully overlapping and potentially separate vesicle populations, despite both depending on vMAT2 for vesicular loading.119”
From Synaptic and circuit functions of multitransmitter neurons in the mammalian brain (2023) · cites this paper as [119]
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Arcuate dopaminergic/GABAergic neurons project within the hypothalamus and to the median eminence
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Prevalent co-release of glutamate and GABA throughout the mouse brainPreprint
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- Authors
- Zych, S. M., & Ford, C. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ford, Christopher P.
- ORCID
- Ford, Christopher P.
- Venue
- Cell Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 110823
- ISSN
- 2211-1247 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9134867
- OpenAlex
- W4280494930
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 4.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (F30 DA048543, R01-DA35821, R21-MH123085, R01-NS95809)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- dopamine, substantia nigra pars compacta, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, striatum, medium spiny neurons, GABAA receptor, calcium sensitivity, release probability, basal ganglia
- MeSH terms
- Basal Ganglia, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Substantia Nigra, Dopaminergic Neurons
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