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Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses
Open accessAbstract
Antibody production is a metabolically demanding process that is regulated by gut microbiota, but the microbial products supporting B cell responses remain incompletely identified. We report that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by gut microbiota as fermentation products of dietary fiber, support host antibody responses. In B cells, SCFAs increase acetyl-CoA and regulate metabolic sensors to increase oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis, which produce energy and building blocks supporting antibody production. In parallel, SCFAs control gene expression to express molecules necessary for plasma B cell differentiation. Mice with low SCFA production due to reduced dietary fiber consumption or microbial insufficiency are defective in homeostatic and pathogen-specific antibody responses, resulting in greater pathogen susceptibility. However, SCFA or dietary fiber intake restores this immune deficiency. This B cell-helping function of SCFAs is detected from the intestines to systemic tissues and conserved among mouse and human B cells, highlighting its importance.
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“Since microbial metabolites can be utilized by T cells for their metabolic demand to enhance glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation28,29”
From Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Intriguingly, they further found that SCFAs in parallel modulate the energy metabolism of B cells to promote production of antibodies (M. Kim et al., 2016).”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as M. Kim et al., 2016
In the citing paper
“Kim et al. shed further light on this observation and demonstrated that SCFAs support antibody responses by regulating gene expression through HDAC inhibition.”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as M. Kim et al., 2016
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript comparable to the C3 levels created by HFD (Figure S2A).”
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“…and analyzed data and drafted the manuscript with MK. anuscript A uthor M anuscript Keywords Short chain fatty acids; antibody; B cells; metabolism INTRODUCTION Host and gut microbial flora functionally interact in the gut for mutual benefits (Brown et al., 2013; Tremaroli and Backhed, 2012).”
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“Moreover, SCFAs enhanced the mitochondrial ATP production and maximal respiration rates in B cells (Figure 4C).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, M., Qie, Y., Park, J., & Kim, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Chang H.
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-08
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-214
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4982788
- OpenAlex
- W2491805933
- Cited by
- 893
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 92 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 25.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA023168)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI121302, R01AI080769, R01AI074745)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK076616)
- National Center for Research Resources (S10RR028293)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota, antibody production, B cells, dietary fiber, acetyl-CoA, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, plasma cell differentiation, immunodeficiency, microbial metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Antibody Formation, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Differentiation, Dietary Fiber, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Fermentation, Gene Expression Regulation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
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