Type I Interferon Response Dysregulates Host Iron Homeostasis and Enhances Candida glabrata Infection
Open accessAbstract
Type I interferons (IFNs-I) fulfil multiple protective functions during pathogenic infections, but they can also cause detrimental effects and enhance immunopathology. Here, we report that IFNs-I promote the dysregulation of iron homeostasis in macrophages during systemic infections with the intracellular pathogen Candida glabrata, leading to fungal survival and persistence. By engaging JAK1, IFNs-I disturb the balance of the transcriptional activator NRF2 and repressor BACH1 to induce downregulation of the key iron exporter Fpn1 in macrophages. This leads to enhanced iron accumulation in the phagolysosome and failure to restrict fungal access to iron pools. As a result, C. glabrata acquires iron via the Sit1/Ftr1 iron transporter system, facilitating fungal intracellular replication and immune evasion. Thus, IFNs-I are central regulators of iron homeostasis, which can impact infection, and restricting iron bioavailability may offer therapeutic strategies to combat invasive fungal infections.
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The TII response is beneficial for the survival of C. glabrata cells in macrophages.
“the TII response is beneficial for the survival of C. glabrata cells in macrophages (45, 48)”
From Overlooked <i>Candida glabrata</i> petites are echinocandin tolerant, induce host inflammatory responses, and display poor <i>in vivo</i> fitness (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
The TII response is also induced by bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections.
“this response is also induced by bacterial, parasitic (43), and fungal infections (30, 44 – 48).”
From Overlooked <i>Candida glabrata</i> petites are echinocandin tolerant, induce host inflammatory responses, and display poor <i>in vivo</i> fitness (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
Type I interferon impacts the control of FPN1 expression via regulation of NRF2 and BACH1 activities, thereby resulting in increased iron delivery for intramacrophage Candida glabrata and worsening of systemic infection.
“type I interferon impact on the control of FPN1 expression via regulation of NRF2 and BACH1 activities thereby resulting in increased iron delivery for intramacrophage Candida glabrata and worsening of systemic infection”
From Iron in immune cell function and host defense (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
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“Fungal killing by BMDMs was analyzed as previously described (104).”
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Sugar Phosphorylation Controls Carbon Source Utilization and Virulence of Candida albicans
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Self-citation“Under Pressure” – How fungi evade, exploit, and modulate cells of the innate immune system
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“Indeed, it has been noted that the TII response is beneficial for the survival of C. glabrata cells in macrophages (45, 48), and accordingly, it is plausible to assume that the TII response mounted by macrophages provides a permissive environment for the long-term survival of petites in the host.”
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Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen: An artist manipulating the immune response
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Self-citationWhite-Brown switching controls phenotypic plasticity and virulence of Candida auris
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Self-citationCandida glabrata: A Tale of Stealth and Endurance
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Candida albicans requires iron to sustain hyphal growth
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Human albumin enhances the pathogenic potential of Candida glabrata on vaginal epithelial cells
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Self-citationViruses hijack FPN1 to disrupt iron withholding and suppress host defense
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Type I interferons during host–fungus interactions: Is antifungal immunity going viral?
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SWI/SNF complex-mediated chromatin remodeling in Candida glabrata promotes immune evasion
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Investigating Candida glabrata Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Mice Using Bioluminescence Imaging
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate regulates iron transport via PI3P-binding CgPil1 protein
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Surviving the Storm: How Candida Species Master Adaptation for Pathogenesis
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Carbon Dioxide Controls Fungal Fitness and Skin Tropism of Candida aurisPreprint
Phan-Canh, T., Penninger, P., Seiser, S., Khunweeraphong, N., Moser, D., Bitencourt, T. A., Arzani, H., Chen, W., Zenz, L.-M., Knarr, A., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589292 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Candida albicans Hxk1 influences expression of metabolic- and virulence-related genes
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Self-citationType I Interferons Rule with an Iron Fist
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Innate lymphoid cells integrate sensing and plasticity to control fungal infections
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SWI/SNF complex-mediated chromatin remodelling in Candida glabrata is vital for immune evasionPreprint
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- Authors
- Riedelberger, M., Penninger, P., Tscherner, M., Seifert, M., Jenull, S., Brunnhofer, C., Scheidl, B., Tsymala, I., Bourgeois, C., Petryshyn, A., Glaser, W., Limbeck, A., Strobl, B., Weiss, G., & Kuchler, K.
- Affiliations
- Max Perutz Labs (AT)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- TU Wien (AT)
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Kuchler, Karl
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 454-466.e8
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3006691620
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Austrian Science Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Keywords
- type I interferon, iron homeostasis, Candida glabrata, macrophages, Nrf2, BACH1, immune evasion, invasive fungal infections
- MeSH terms
- Ferroportin, Adult, Animals, Candidiasis, Cells, Cultured, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Interferon Type I, Iron, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phagosomes, Spleen, Mice, Knockout, Cation Transport Proteins, Candida glabrata, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Janus Kinase 1, Immune Evasion
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