What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?

In the citing paper

“One of the key factors that has led to the emergence of this paradigm of urbanism is the large body of research criticizing the weak connection between smart cities and sustainable cities and the fallacies and misunderstanding associated with smart cities in the context of environmental sustainability”

In the citing paper

“Smart cities and sustainable cities are divergent on many aspects and hence not necessarily synonymous with each other”

In the citing paper

“Moreover, despite the wide use of the concept and its operationalisation today, there is still obscure and inconsistent understanding of its meaning (e.g., [2,5,8,16,20,25,36,93,119,137]).”

In the citing paper

“Indeed, many of the emerging smart solutions are not aligned with sustainability gaols [2].”

In the citing paper

“Concerning the financial abilities, many governments are funnelling huge expenditures (colossal investments) into ICT research, development, and innovation, which is manifested in the high number of jointly funded research endeavours as well as smart initiatives and implementation projects (e.g., [2]).”

In the citing paper

“Of relevance to underscore here is that current smart cities strive for smartness targets instead of sustainability goals (e.g., [2,93]).”

In the citing paper

“In this regard, it has been argued that the existing definitions of smart and smarter city set up no baseline for sustainability, and do not include what sustainable development entails”

In the citing paper

“The inadequate contribution of smart cities of today to the goals of sustainable development and thus their poor sustainability performance”

In the citing paper

“In relation to this, while some of the challenges pertaining to urbanisation are already being addressed through the development of smart technologies [29,40,133], many of the proposed smart solutions in this regard are not aligned with sustainability targets, thereby the emergence of sustainable smart cities [2,20].”

In the citing paper

“Such cities are mainly striving for smart targets instead of sustainability goals [25], just like current smart cities [2,93].”

In the citing paper

“Accordingly, such cities represent a new techno-urban phenomenon that materialised around the mid-2010s (e.g., [2,4,6,25,55,60,82,130]).”

In the citing paper

“As discussed above, such cities have, irrespective of which ICT visions they tend to instantiate in relation to their operational functioning, management, planning, and development, been subject to much debate, generating a growing level of criticism that essentially questions their added value to sustainability due to the lack of incorporating the fundamental goals of sustainable development, as”