The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?
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In the citing paper
“One of the key factors that has led to the emergence of this paradigm of urbanism is the large body of research criticizing the weak connection between smart cities and sustainable cities and the fallacies and misunderstanding associated with smart cities in the context of environmental sustainability”
From Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review (2023) · cites this paper as Ahvenniemi et al. 2017
In the citing paper
“Smart cities and sustainable cities are divergent on many aspects and hence not necessarily synonymous with each other”
From Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review (2023) · cites this paper as Ahvenniemi et al. 2017
In the citing paper
“Moreover, despite the wide use of the concept and its operationalisation today, there is still obscure and inconsistent understanding of its meaning (e.g., [2,5,8,16,20,25,36,93,119,137]).”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, many of the emerging smart solutions are not aligned with sustainability gaols [2].”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Concerning the financial abilities, many governments are funnelling huge expenditures (colossal investments) into ICT research, development, and innovation, which is manifested in the high number of jointly funded research endeavours as well as smart initiatives and implementation projects (e.g., [2]).”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Of relevance to underscore here is that current smart cities strive for smartness targets instead of sustainability goals (e.g., [2,93]).”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“In this regard, it has been argued that the existing definitions of smart and smarter city set up no baseline for sustainability, and do not include what sustainable development entails”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The inadequate contribution of smart cities of today to the goals of sustainable development and thus their poor sustainability performance”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“In relation to this, while some of the challenges pertaining to urbanisation are already being addressed through the development of smart technologies [29,40,133], many of the proposed smart solutions in this regard are not aligned with sustainability targets, thereby the emergence of sustainable smart cities [2,20].”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Such cities are mainly striving for smart targets instead of sustainability goals [25], just like current smart cities [2,93].”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Accordingly, such cities represent a new techno-urban phenomenon that materialised around the mid-2010s (e.g., [2,4,6,25,55,60,82,130]).”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“As discussed above, such cities have, irrespective of which ICT visions they tend to instantiate in relation to their operational functioning, management, planning, and development, been subject to much debate, generating a growing level of criticism that essentially questions their added value to sustainability due to the lack of incorporating the fundamental goals of sustainable development, as”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
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Smart sustainable cities of the future: An extensive interdisciplinary literature review
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.016 · Cited by 1,599
Bibri, S. E. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.034 · Cited by 799
Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature
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Smart innovative cities: The impact of Smart City policies on urban innovation
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Yiğitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M., Buys, L. R., Ioppolo, G., Sabatini‐Marques, J., da Costa, E. M., & Yun, J. J. (2018) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2018.04.003 · Cited by 617
IoT in smart cities: A survey of technologies, practices and challenges
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The future of waste management in smart and sustainable cities: A review and concept paper
Esmaeilian, B., Wang, B., Lewis, K. E., Duarte, F., Ratti, C., & Behdad, S. (2018) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.047 · Cited by 540
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Self-citationNikitas, A., Michalakopoulou, K., Njoya, E. T., & Karampatzakis, D. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12072789 · Cited by 495
“This can be seen in the high number of smart city initiatives, city implementation projects and jointly-funded public research projects that have rapidly emerged across the world [14], especially in the mobility sector.”
BackgroundSustainable development of smart cities: a systematic review of the literature
Trindade, E. P., Hinnig, M. P. F., da Costa, E. M., Sabatini‐Marques, J., Bastos, R. C., & Yiğitcanlar, T. (2017) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.1186/s40852-017-0063-2 · Cited by 446
“The term sustainable city as a concept became popular in the 1990s (Roy 2009) denoting the relationship between economic, social and environmental sustainability aspects from a combination of indicators of each of these components (Ahvenniemi et al. 2017).”
BackgroundDoes smart city policy lead to sustainability of cities?
Yiğitcanlar, T., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2018) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.01.034 · Cited by 406
Enhancing sustainable urban development through smart city applications
Angelidou, M., Psaltoglou, A., Komninos, N., Kakderi, C., Tsarchopoulos, P., & Panori, A. (2018) · Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management · doi:10.1108/jstpm-05-2017-0016 · Cited by 399
“Moreover, intelligent technologies impact citizens’ well-being and financial stability (Ahvenniemi et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmart cities: Utopia or neoliberal ideology?
Grossi, G., & Pianezzi, D. (2017) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.012 · Cited by 419
Urban sustainability indicators: Challenges and opportunities
Verma, P., & Raghubanshi, A. S. (2018) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.007 · Cited by 393
Linde, L., Sjödin, D., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120614 · Cited by 414
Risk management in sustainable smart cities governance: A TOE framework
Ullah, F., Qayyum, S., Thaheem, M. J., Al-Turjman, F. M., & Sepasgozar, S. M. E. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120743 · Cited by 393
Urban Resilience for Urban Sustainability: Concepts, Dimensions, and Perspectives
Zeng, X., Yu, Y., Yang, S., Lv, Y., & Sarker, M. N. I. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14052481 · Cited by 424
Bouzguenda, I., Alalouch, C., & Fava, N. (2019) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101627 · Cited by 344
A critical review of selected smart city assessment tools and indicator sets
Sharifi, A. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.172 · Cited by 315
Evaluating Urban Quality: Indicators and Assessment Tools for Smart Sustainable Cities
Garau, C., & Pavan, V. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10030575 · Cited by 349
The Lisbon ranking for smart sustainable cities in Europe
Akande, A., Cabral, P., Gomes, P. J., & Casteleyn, S. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.10.009 · Cited by 351
Bibri, S. E., Alexandre, A., Sharifi, A., & Krogstie, J. (2023) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-023-00259-2 · Cited by 299
“Smart cities and sustainable cities are divergent on many aspects and hence not necessarily synonymous with each other (Ahvenniemi et al. 2017; Bibri and Krogstie 2017; Colding et al. 2020; Machado Jun-ior et al.; Martin et al. 2018; Perng et al. 2018; Yigitcanlar et al. 2019).”
BackgroundBibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-020-00108-6 · Cited by 298
“Many of the emerging smart solutions are not aligned with sustainability goals in the context of smart cities (Ahvenniemi et al. 2017).”
BackgroundSmart city and quality of life: Citizens’ perception in a Brazilian case study
Macke, J., Casagrande, R. M., Sarate, J. A. R., & da Silva, K. A. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.078 · Cited by 332
Urban artificial intelligence: from automation to autonomy in the smart city
Cugurullo, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Sustainable Cities · doi:10.3389/frsc.2020.00038 · Cited by 290
Smart Tourism City: Developments and Transformations
Lee, P., Hunter, W. C., & Chung, N. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12103958 · Cited by 331
“Therefore, it is imperative to measure the impact of smart city in relation to sustainability: contribution towards environmental, economic or social sustainability [57].”
BackgroundBibri, S. E. (2019) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0182-7 · Cited by 278
“In relation to this, while some of the challenges pertaining to urbanisation are already being addressed through the development of smart technologies [29, 40, 133], many of the proposed smart solutions in this regard are not aligned with sustainability targets, thereby the emergence of sustainable smart cities [2, 20…”
BackgroundInfluentialBibri, S. E. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.032 · Cited by 273
Rescaling and refocusing smart cities research: from mega cities to smart villages
Visvizi, A., & Lytras, M. D. (2018) · Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management · doi:10.1108/jstpm-02-2018-0020 · Cited by 261
From digital to sustainable: A scientometric review of smart city literature between 1990 and 2019
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Jiang, H., Jiang, P., Wang, D., & Wu, J. (2021) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102809 · Cited by 260
Bibri, S. E., Huang, J., Jagatheesaperumal, S. K., & Krogstie, J. (2024) · Environmental Science and Ecotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.ese.2024.100433 · Cited by 292
“Emerging in response to the criticism directed at traditional smart city initiatives [42 e 46], sustainable smart cities are increasingly integrating data-driven technologies with a focus on achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) [47 e 49].”
BackgroundSick building syndrome: are we doing enough?
Ghaffarianhoseini, A., AlWaer, H., Omrany, H., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Alalouch, C., Clements-Croome, D. J., & Tookey, J. (2018) · Architectural Science Review · doi:10.1080/00038628.2018.1461060 · Cited by 246
“Besides, recent studies have focused on the sustainable dimension of buildings, their embodied intelligence, and responsive potentials as well as their contribution to smart cities (Ahvenniemi, et al., 2017; Bibri and Krogstie, 2016; Martos, et al., 2016; Yang, et al., 2016; Alalouch, et al., 2016).”
A typology of smart city assessment tools and indicator sets
Sharifi, A. (2019) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101936 · Cited by 237
Nitoslawski, S. A., Galle, N. J., van den Bosch, C. K., & Steenberg, J. W. N. (2019) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101770 · Cited by 238
Bibri, S. E. (2021) · Sustainable Futures · doi:10.1016/j.sftr.2021.100047 · Cited by 259
An urban ecology critique on the “Smart City” model
Colding, J., & Barthel, S. (2017) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.191 · Cited by 225
“There is an obvious interest from the ICT industry and big vendors to utilize this emerging market and to develop respective products (Anthopoulos, 2015; de Jong et al., 2015).”
BackgroundBibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-020-00130-8 · Cited by 224
Smart city research: A holistic and state-of-the-art literature review
Zhao, F. M., Fashola, O., Olarewaju, T. I. A., & Onwumere, I. B. (2021) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103406 · Cited by 208
Mora, L., Gerli, P., Ardito, L., & Petruzzelli, A. M. (2023) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102717 · Cited by 203
“The smartness of cities increases only when digital innovation becomes instrumental in generating more sustainable urban living conditions (Ahvenniemi et al., 2017; Mora et al., 2019b), and the resources and capabilities needed to achieve this objective are distributed among diverse organizations…”
BackgroundRomão, J., Kourtit, K., Neuts, B., & Nijkamp, P. J. (2017) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2017.11.007 · Cited by 202
Developing a sustainable smart city framework for developing economies: An Indian context
Yadav, G., Mangla, S. K., Luthra, S., & Rai, D. P. (2019) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101462 · Cited by 202
Smart home: Highly-educated students' acceptance
Baudier, P., Ammi, C., & Deboeuf-Rouchon, M. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.06.043 · Cited by 216
Blockchain for Cities—A Systematic Literature Review
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“In order to create a meaningful discussion of blockchain for cities with both smartness and sustainability goals in mind, we adopt the essential city sectors for sustainable and smart cities identified by [7] as a result of its thorough examination on 16 of the most well-established sets of assessment frameworks, 8 on…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTo the smart city and beyond? Developing a typology of smart urban innovation
Nilssen, M. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.060 · Cited by 187
Achieving smart sustainable cities with GeoICT support: The Saudi evolving smart cities
Aina, Y. A. (2017) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.007 · Cited by 184
Smart City Data Science: Towards data-driven smart cities with open research issues
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Hosseinzadeh, A., Algomaiah, M., Kluger, R., & Li, Z. (2020) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102624 · Cited by 174
Measuring the progress of smart destinations: The use of indicators as a management tool
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Challenges for Connecting Citizens and Smart Cities: ICT, E-Governance and Blockchain
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“(2010) [12] used 16 city assessment frameworks, eight for each term.”
BackgroundMethodSustainable tourism indicators: what’s new within the smart city/destination approach?
Baidal, J. A. I., Rebollo, J. F. V., Perles‐Ribes, J. F., Femenia-Serra, F., & Bernabéu, M. A. C. (2021) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2021.1876075 · Cited by 185
“In this regard, smart city agendas vary between the possibilities outlined by Ahvenniemi et al. (2017): technology oriented vs people oriented; hard infrastructures (transport, water, energy,...) vs soft infrastructures (social and human capital, knowledge,...); top-down vs. bottom-up initiatives;…”
BackgroundInfluentialTowards Post-Anthropocentric Cities: Reconceptualizing Smart Cities to Evade Urban Ecocide
Yiğitcanlar, T., Foth, M., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2018) · Journal of Urban Technology · doi:10.1080/10630732.2018.1524249 · Cited by 167
“The current smart city practice, at its best, is a zero-sum game for sustainability—environmental gains are cancelled out by the impact of increased technology and energy use (Ahvenniemi et al., 2017).”
BackgroundBibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.04.012 · Cited by 167
Smart sustainable cities evaluation and sense of community
Macke, J., Sarate, J. A. R., & Moschen, S. D. A. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118103 · Cited by 185
Are smart city projects catalyzing urban energy sustainability?
Haarstad, H., & Wathne, M. W. (2019) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.001 · Cited by 164
Bibri, S. E. (2018) · European Journal of Futures Research · doi:10.1186/s40309-018-0142-z · Cited by 160
Das, D. K. (2024) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities7020034 · Cited by 243
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017) · Journal Of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-017-0091-6 · Cited by 163
Scientific Landscape of Smart and Sustainable Cities Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis
Janik, A., Ryszko, A., & Szafraniec, M. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12030779 · Cited by 164
Municipalities' understanding of the Smart City concept: An exploratory analysis in Belgium
Desdemoustier, J., Crutzen, N., & Giffinger, R. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.029 · Cited by 152
Suganthi, L. (2018) · Sustainable cities and society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.022 · Cited by 147
Impact of digitalization and environmental regulation on total factor productivity
Wen, H., Wen, C., & Lee, C. (2022) · Information Economics and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.infoecopol.2022.101007 · Cited by 150
Griffiths, S., & Sovacool, B. K. (2019) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.101368 · Cited by 149
Sharifi, A., Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R., Allam, Z., & Asadzadeh, A. (2023) · Progress in Planning · doi:10.1016/j.progress.2023.100740 · Cited by 163
An exploration of smart city approaches by international ICT firms
van den Buuse, D., & Kolk, A. (2018) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.029 · Cited by 150
“Terms used for smart cities in different studies are largely used interchangeably, and include references to sustainable cities, green cities, low-carbon cities, eco-cities, intelligent cities, resilient cities, knowledge cities, and digital cities (Ahvenniemi et al., 2017; Albino et al., 2015; Allwinkle and Cruicksha…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBibri, S. E. (2019) · Journal Of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0221-4 · Cited by 158
“Indeed, many of the emerging smart solutions are not aligned with sustainability goals [1].”
BackgroundRegional Smart City Development Focus: The South Korean National Strategic Smart City Program
Yang, J., Kwon, Y.-S., & Kim, D. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3047139 · Cited by 147
A Unified Definition of a Smart City
Ramaprasad, A., Sánchez-Ortíz, A., & Syn, T. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64677-0_2 · Cited by 161
Sustainable Urban Development: A Review of Urban Sustainability Indicator Frameworks
Michalina, D., Mederly, P., Diefenbacher, H., & Held, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13169348 · Cited by 145
Sustainability-oriented innovations in smart cities: A systematic review and emerging themes
Tura, N., & Ojanen, V. (2022) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2022.103716 · Cited by 158
Olawumi, T. O., & Chan, D. W. M. (2019) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.1925 · Cited by 152
Bina, O., Inch, A., & Pereira, L. (2020) · Futures · doi:10.1016/j.futures.2019.102475 · Cited by 144
Wang, Z., Zhou, R., Rui, J., & Yu, Y. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.106046 · Cited by 142
Jalaei, F., Jalaei, F., & Mohammadi, S. (2019) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101979 · Cited by 141
Citizens and cities: Leveraging citizen science and big data for sustainable urban development
Cappa, F., Franco, S., & Rosso, F. (2021) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2942 · Cited by 152
Ang, K. L.-M., Seng, J. K. P., Ngharamike, E., & Ijemaru, G. K. (2022) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi11020085 · Cited by 150
“The authors in [42] explored SC frameworks and the environmental impacts of ICT solutions.”
BackgroundThe impacts of open data initiatives on smart cities: A framework for evaluation and monitoring
Neves, F. T., Neto, M. D. C., & Aparício, M. (2020) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2020.102860 · Cited by 156
Agboola, O. P., & Tunay, M. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139304 · Cited by 151
Knowledge-based, smart and sustainable cities: a provocation for a conceptual framework
Chang, D. L., Sabatini‐Marques, J., da Costa, E. M., Selig, P. M., & Yiğitcanlar, T. (2018) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.1186/s40852-018-0087-2 · Cited by 146
“The comparison of assessment models of sustainable cities and smart cities in Ahvenniemi et al. (2017) reveal that urban sustainability assessment systems are more complete for the natural environment, built environment, water and waste management and energy categories, while smart cities…”
BackgroundXia, L., Fong, P. S. W., Dai, S., & Li, Y. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.046 · Cited by 134
Singh, D. K., Sobti, R., Jain, A. K., Malik, P. K., & Le, D. (2022) · IET Communications · doi:10.1049/cmu2.12352 · Cited by 141
Review of Smart City Assessment Tools
Patrão, C., Moura, P., & de Almeida, A. T. (2020) · Smart Cities · doi:10.3390/smartcities3040055 · Cited by 131
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ahvenniemi, H., Huovila, A., Pinto-Seppä, I., & Airaksinen, M.
- Affiliations
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Ahvenniemi, Hannele
- Venue
- Cities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 60
- Pages
- 234-245
- ISSN
- 0264-2751 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2527300705
- Cited by
- 1,378
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 188 · 2022: 174 · 2021: 189 · 2020: 174 · 2019: 158 · 2018: 99 · 2017: 40
- FWCI
- 106.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cities (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Sustainable Urban and Rural Development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
- Keywords
- smart cities, sustainable cities, urban sustainability indicators, smart city indicators, environmental sustainability, socio-economic sustainability, smart sustainable cities, impact indicators
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