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Cited by 123Clinical Nutrition and GastroenterologyNutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement Techniques

Energy requirements in frail elderly people: A review of the literature

Gaillard, C., Alix, E., Sallé, A., Berrut, G., Ritz, P.·2007·Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.08.003
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Abstract

This review collates studies of healthy, sick, underweight (BMI or = 90 yr), in whom resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry. We have observed the following: (1) REE, when adjusted for differences in both body weight and fat-free mass (FFM), is similar in healthy and in sick elderly people being 20 and 28 kcal/kg of FFM per day, respectively, (2) their nutritional status influences their energy requirements given that weight-adjusted REE increases in line with a decrease in BMI, (3) total energy expenditure is lower in sick elderly people given that their physical activity level, i.e. the ratio of total energy expenditure to REE, is reduced during disease averaging at 1.36, (4) energy intake (EI) being only 1.23 x REE is insufficient to cover energy requirements in sick elderly patients, whereas the EI of healthy elderly people appears sufficient to cover requirements, and finally, (5) gender ceases to be a determinant of REE in people aged 60 yr or over, with the Harris & Benedict equation capable of accurately predicting mean REE in this population, whether healthy or sick.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.08.003

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  • In that review, mean TEE in sick older individuals was 27 ± 1.8 kcal/kg body weight and weighted physical activity level was 1.36 ± 0.03.

    “The mean TEE in sick older individuals was 27 ± 1.8 kcal/kg body weight and the weighted physical activity level in these patients was 1.36 ± 0.03 reflecting the relative physical inactivity of this population.”

    From ESPEN guideline on nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients (2023) · cites this paper as [71]

  • In a review of 33 studies (2450 subjects) measuring REE by IC in subjects aged ≥65, the weighted mean REE for the whole group was 20.4 kcal/kg actual body weight, and the weighted mean for the polymorbid hospitalized older group was 18.5 kcal/kg body weight.

    “The weighted mean for the whole group was 20.4 kcal/kg actual body weight whereas the weighted mean for the polymorbid hospitalized older group was lower at 18.5 kcal/kg body weight.”

    From ESPEN guideline on nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients (2023) · cites this paper as [71]

  • In the absence of IC, TEE for polymorbid older patients (aged ≥65 years) can be estimated at approximately 27 kcal/kg actual body weight/day, and REE can be estimated at 18-20 kcal/kg actual body weight/day with addition of activity or stress factors to estimate TEE.

    “In the absence of IC, TEE for polymorbid older patients (aged !65 years) can be estimated at approximately 27 kcal/kg actual body weight/day.REE can be estimated at 18e20 kcal/kg actual body weight/day with the addition of activity or stress factors to estimate TEE.”

    From ESPEN guideline on nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients (2023) · cites this paper as [71]

  • In healthy and sick elderly persons, measurements of resting energy expenditure resulted in about 20 kcal/kg body weight and day.

    “In healthy and sick elderly persons, measurements of REE resulted in about 20 kcal/kg body weight (BW) and day (14)(15)(16).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Minimal energy requirements of ill older persons are estimated to be between 27 and 30 kcal/kg.

    “Minimal requirements of ill older persons are estimated to be between 27 and 30 kcal/kg (16).”

    From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors
Gaillard, C., Alix, E., Sallé, A., Berrut, G., & Ritz, P.
Affiliations
Inserm (FR)
Corresponding author
Ritz, P.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-02
Volume
26
Issue
1
Pages
16-24
ISSN
0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.clnu.2006.08.003
OpenAlex
W2066458985
Cited by
123
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Keywords
energy requirements, frail elderly, resting energy expenditure, oldest old, total energy expenditure, physical activity level, energy intake, nutritional status, fat-free mass, Harris-Benedict equation, energy expenditure estimation
MeSH terms
Aged, 80 and over, Basal Metabolism, Energy Intake, Calorimetry, Indirect, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Nutritional Requirements, Nutritional Status, Sex Factors, Geriatric Assessment, Body Mass Index, Frail Elderly

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