The conditional role of inflammation in pregnancy and cancer
Abstract
Cancer growth is characterized by proliferation of tumor cells in conjunction with invasion of all different immune cells that also invade healing wounds. This inflammatory response is necessary for cell proliferation but a second purpose of the inflammatory process is so that a low Th1/Th2 ratio is present with overexpression of IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ. Down regulation of NO activity also shifts the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages. Both aspects allow the antigenous nature of the tumor to escape anti-tumor effects of the host. Support for this view comes from observations in pregnancy in which the placenta exhibits identical immune responses and downregulation of NO production to allow trophoblast cells to invade the uterine tissues without being rejected. Cell proliferation requires a metabolic set-up in which the organism produces adequate substrate for growth. This also bears the characteristics of a systemic inflammatory response delivering a similar substrate mix required for cancer and fetal growth. This arrangement is clearly beneficial in pregnancy and therefore supports the view that cancer growth is facilitated by the organism: the cancerous tumor elicits an immunological response opposing anti-tumor effects and induces the host to produce building blocks for growth.
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Fluid retention occurs in wounds and at the whole-body level after trauma and burns; it may be beneficial to some extent but may become harmful when the inflammatory stimulus cannot be adequately overcome or treated.
“The fact that fluid retention inevitably and visibly occurs in wounds as well as at the whole‐body level after trauma and burns could reflect that this response is beneficial to some extent, but may become harmful when the inflammatory stimulus cannot be adequately overcome or treated.6, 7”
From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Soeters, P. B., & Grimble, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- ORCID
- Soeters, Peter B.
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 460-465
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037521318
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cancer, Stress, Anesthesia, and Immune Response
- Keywords
- inflammation, pregnancy, cancer, tumor microenvironment, Th1/Th2 balance, IL-10, TGF-beta, interferon-gamma, nitric oxide, M1/M2 macrophages, trophoblast invasion, placenta, tumor immune evasion, fetal growth
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Inflammation, Interferon-gamma, Neoplasms, Nitric Oxide, Pregnancy, Trophoblasts, Down-Regulation, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Interleukin-10, Cell Proliferation, Th1-Th2 Balance
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