TGF-β and immune cells: an important regulatory axis in the tumor microenvironment and progression
Open accessAbstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression, functioning as both a suppressor and a promoter. The mechanisms underlying this dual role of TGF-beta remain unclear. TGF-beta exerts systemic immune suppression and inhibits host immunosurveillance. Neutralizing TGF-beta enhances CD8+ T-cell- and NK-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. It also increases neutrophil-attracting chemokines resulting in recruitment and activation of neutrophils with an antitumor phenotype. In addition to its systemic effects, TGF-beta regulates infiltration of inflammatory/immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment causing direct changes in tumor cells. Understanding TGF-beta regulation at the interface of tumor and host immunity should provide insights into developing effective TGF-beta antagonists and biomarkers for patient selection and efficacy of TGF-beta antagonist treatment.
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Cancer tissue is riddled with immune cells which support tumor growth, while inflammation is also evident at the whole-body level.
“Cancer tissue is riddled with immune cells which support tumor growth, while inflammation is also evident at the whole‐body level.33, 34”
From Hypoalbuminemia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Significance (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
The section on TGF-β regulation of the tumor microenvironment says tumors contain many inflammatory and immune cells, and the therapy section describes infiltrating immune cells that enhance invasion and metastasis. But the Abstract and the section on systemic immune surveillance describe systemic immune suppression, not inflammation evident throughout the body. The whole-body inflammation part is therefore unsupported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Yang, L., Pang, Y., & Moses, H. L.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 220-227
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2891151
- OpenAlex
- W2130229338
- Cited by
- 1,023
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (ZIABC011163)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Keywords
- TGF-beta, tumor microenvironment, tumor progression, immunosuppression, tumor surveillance, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils, chemokines, cancer-associated fibroblasts, TGF-beta antagonists
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Signal Transduction, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Disease Progression
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