The Control of the Metabolic Switch in Cancers by Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
Abstract
Cells from some tumors use an altered metabolic pattern compared with that of normal differentiated adult cells in the body. Tumor cells take up much more glucose and mainly process it through aerobic glycolysis, producing large quantities of secreted lactate with a lower use of oxidative phosphorylation that would generate more adenosine triphosphate (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide. This is the Warburg effect, which provides substrates for cell growth and division and free energy (ATP) from enhanced glucose use. This metabolic switch places the emphasis on producing intermediates for cell growth and division, and it is regulated by both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a number of key cancer-producing pathways. Blocking these metabolic pathways or restoring these altered pathways could lead to a new approach in cancer treatments.
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Oncogenes including RAS can promote aerobic glycolysis and activate anabolic pathways.
“The recognition that oncogenes, including RAS, can promote aerobic glycolysis, commonly known as the Warburg effect, and activate anabolic pathways 22,23, has increased efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of altered metabolism in cancer24.”
From The metabolic landscape of RAS-driven cancers from biology to therapy (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Levine, A. J., & Puzio-Kuter, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Levine, Arnold J.
- ORCID
- Levine, Arnold J.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2010-12-03
- Volume
- 330
- Issue
- 6009
- Pages
- 1340-1344
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1975854213
- Cited by
- 1,243
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 55 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 96 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 109 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 120
- FWCI
- 7.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
- Keywords
- Warburg effect, aerobic glycolysis, cancer metabolism, metabolic switch, oncogenes, tumor suppressor, glucose uptake, lactic acid production, oxidative phosphorylation, cancer therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Cell Division, Citric Acid Cycle, Glucose, Glutamine, Glycolysis, Humans, NADP, Neoplasms, Oncogenes, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Genes, Tumor Suppressor
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