RETRACTED: Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Abstract
Background & aims This trial was performed to evaluate the effects of probiotic intake on disability, mental health and metabolic condition in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 60 MS patients. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either a probiotic capsule (n = 30) or placebo containing starch (n = 30) for 12 weeks. Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scoring and parameters of mental health were recorded at the baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention.Results Compared with the placebo, probiotic intake improved EDSS (-0.3 ± 0.6 vs. +0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.001), beck depression inventory (-5.6 ± 4.9 vs. -1.1 ± 3.4, P < 0.001), general health questionnaire (-9.1 ± 6.2 vs. -2.6 ± 6.4, P < 0.001) and depression anxiety and stress scale (-16.5 ± 12.9 vs. -6.2 ± 11.0, P = 0.001). In addition, changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-1.3 ± 3.5 vs. +0.4 ± 1.4 μg/mL, P = 0.01), plasma nitric oxide metabolites (+1.0 ± 7.9 vs. -6.0 ± 8.3 μmol/L, P = 0.002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (+0.009 ± 0.4 vs. +0.3 ± 0.5 μmol/L, P = 0.04) in the probiotic group were significantly different from the changes in these parameters in the placebo group. Additionally, the consumption of probiotic capsule significantly decreased serum insulin (-2.9 ± 3.7 vs. +1.1 ± 4.8 μIU/mL, P < 0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.6 ± 0.8 vs.+0.2 ± 1.0, P = 0.001), Beta cell function (-12.1 ± 15.5 vs. +4.4 ± 17.5, P < 0.001) and total-/HDL-cholesterol (-0.1 ± 0.3 vs.0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.02), and significantly increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. -0.005 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol levels (2.7 ± 3.4 vs. 0.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL, P = 0.02) compared with the placebo.Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the use of probiotic capsule for 12 weeks among subjects with MS had favorable effects on EDSS, parameters of mental health, inflammatory factors, markers of insulin resistance, HDL-, total-/HDL-cholesterol and MDA levels.
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Probiotics capsule (L. acidophilus, L. casei, B. bifidum and L. fermentum) could improve mental health and metabolic status in patients with multiple sclerosis.
“probiotics capsule (L. acidophilus, L. casei, B. bifidum and L. fermentum) could improve mental health and metabolic status in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (Kouchaki et al. 2017).”
From Therapeutic effect of GLP-1 engineered strain on mice model of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as Kouchaki et al. 2017
Other brain-related disorders such as multiple sclerosis and stress are also influenced by probiotics.
“It is demonstrated that other brain related disorders such as multiple sclerosis (Kouchaki et al., 2016) and stress are also influenced by probiotics (Liang et al., 2015).”
From Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind and Controlled Trial (2016) · cites this paper as Kouchaki et al., 2016
Probiotic supplementations have therapeutic potential to ameliorate multiple sclerosis, improving disability status, mental health, and some inflammatory and metabolic parameters compared to placebo.
“Moreover, probiotics supplementations have a therapeutic potential to ameliorate MS, improving the disability status, the mental health, and some inflammatory and metabolic parameters, compared to the placebo group (148, 149).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [148]
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“lowing the 12-week supplementation of probiotics in patients with multiple sclerosis [30].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAnti-tumor activities of probiotics in cervical cancer
Jahanshahi, M., Dana, P. M., Badehnoosh, B., Asemi, Z., Hallajzadeh, J., Mansournia, M. A., Yousefi, B., Moazzami, B., & Chaichian, S. (2020) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-020-00668-x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
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“fermentum for 12 weeks managed to improve general health and scores on the extended disability scale and Beck’s depression, anxiety, and stress scales, as well as beneficially regulate C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde metabolites [101]; (2) this probiotic mix was also shown to downregulate I…”
BackgroundGut Microbial Antigenic Mimicry in Autoimmunity
Garabatos, N., & Santamaría, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.873607 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
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“The researchers have also demonstrated that 12 weeks intake of probiotic by MS patients has favorable effects on cardio-metabolic risk markers, insulin resistance, mental health as well as clinical signs.([19]) The synbiotic milk consumption was positively ameliorating constipation in PD patients.”
BackgroundSelf-citationUse of Vitamins and Dietary Supplements by Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
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“fermentum 60 MS patients participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Oral administration, once daily for 12 weeks (capsules containing 2 × 109 CFU/g of each strain) ↓EDSS, ↓BDI, ↓DASS, ↓hs-CRP, ↓serum insulin ↓HOMA-R Mental health improvement [85]”
BackgroundMethodThe Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in the Treatment of Depression
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Nutraceuticals against Oxidative Stress in Autoimmune Disorders
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“Administration of probiotics for 3 months in MS patients improved the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), parameters of mental health, inflammatory factors, markers of insulin resistance, HDL-, total-/HDL-cholesterol, and MDA levels [65].”
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“…et al. 2014), 12weeks in thirteen studies (Agahi et al. 2018; Borzabadi et al. 2018; Farrokhian et al. 2019; Karamali, Eghbalpour, et al. 2018; Kouchaki et al. 2017; Mafi et al. 2018; Jamilian et al. 2016; Mohseni et al. 2018; Nasri et al. 2018; Raygan, Rezavandi, et al. 2018; Soleimani et…”
BackgroundInfluentialImmune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases
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“Moreover, some other brain diseases, including neurodegenerative and neurobehavioral disorders such as multiple sclerosis [226,227], Parkinson’s disease [228,229] and autism spectrum disorder [230,231] are also subjected to altered gut microbiota, and the positive effects of probiotics on behavioural performance have…”
BackgroundGut microbiota and probiotics: Novel immune system modulators in myasthenia gravis?
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“They concluded that this combination showed favorable effects on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), parameters of mental health and inflammation, insulin resistance markers, and MDA levels [89].”
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“In conclusion, the study conducted by Kouchaki and cols (2017), demonstrated a beneficial role of a cocktail of probiotic bacteria to reduce the severity of MS, besides of modulating important metabolic and immunologic features (Table 2) (Kouchaki et al. 2017).”
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“statuses in the patients with Alzheimer’s diseases (32) and multiple sclerosis (33).”
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Feeding the gut microbiome: impact on multiple sclerosis
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- Authors
- Kouchaki, E., Tamtaji, O. R., Salami, M., Bahmani, F., Daneshvar Kakhaki, R., Akbari, E., Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, M., Jafari, P., & Asemi, Z.
- Affiliations
- Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Islamic Azad University, Arak (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Salami, Mahmoud
- Asemi, Zatollah
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1245-1249
- ISSN
- 0261-5614 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2518730393
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 20.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (94081)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, probiotics, disability progression, depression, anxiety, C-reactive protein, nitric oxide metabolites, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, insulin resistance, beta-cell function, serum insulin, metabolic response, mental health, Expanded Disability Status Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, General Health Questionnaire, DASS, retracted article, probiotic supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, C-Reactive Protein, Cholesterol, Double-Blind Method, Female, Glutathione, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Nitric Oxide, Surveys and Questionnaires, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Oxidative Stress, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Young Adult
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