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Diet and Feeding Pattern Affect the Diurnal Dynamics of the Gut Microbiome
Open accessAbstract
The gut microbiome and daily feeding/fasting cycle influence host metabolism and contribute to obesity and metabolic diseases. However, fundamental characteristics of this relationship between the feeding/fasting cycle and the gut microbiome are unknown. Our studies show that the gut microbiome is highly dynamic, exhibiting daily cyclical fluctuations in composition. Diet-induced obesity dampens the daily feeding/fasting rhythm and diminishes many of these cyclical fluctuations. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), in which feeding is consolidated to the nocturnal phase, partially restores these cyclical fluctuations. Furthermore, TRF, which protects against obesity and metabolic diseases, affects bacteria shown to influence host metabolism. Cyclical changes in the gut microbiome from feeding/fasting rhythms contribute to the diversity of gut microflora and likely represent a mechanism by which the gut microbiome affects host metabolism. Thus, feeding pattern and time of harvest, in addition to diet, are important parameters when assessing the microbiome's contribution to host metabolism.
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“Collectively, changes in the intestinal pH and nutrient and secondary metabolite availability are expected to play a role in host metabolism [79].”
In the citing paper
“Time-restricted feeding in mice [79] and repeated prolonged cycles of feeding and withholding food in dogs [80] have all been shown to cause a change in the overall gut microbiome that appears to be driven by changes in the abundance of species that differ by their preferred fermentable substrates (e.g., host-vs. diet-derived glycans).”
In the citing paper
“As meal timing and nutrient composition can influence the gut microbiota [30], these were kept constant across the two study conditions.”
From Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“There is currently some evidence in both mice and humans that the gut microbiota exhibits a circadian rhythm [28], [29], [30]”
From Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
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2 retracted
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., Yooseph, S., & Panda, S.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- J. Craig Venter Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Panda, Satchidananda
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1006-1017
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4255146
- OpenAlex
- W2016539998
- Cited by
- 926
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 89 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 125 · 2021: 141 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 30
- FWCI
- 15.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000099)
- National Eye Institute (P30EY019005)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA014195)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P50GM085764)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R24DK080506, T32-DK07202, DK-097153, DK 091618, U24DK097153, R01DK091618, T32DK007202)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (KL2 TR00099)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, feeding-fasting cycle, time-restricted feeding, diet-induced obesity, diurnal cycle, microbiome dynamics, host metabolism, metabolic disorders, microbiome diversity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Obesity, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mice, Microbiota
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