Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Changes to the microbial community in the human gut have been proposed to promote metabolic disturbances that also occur after short periods of sleep loss (including insulin resistance). However, whether sleep loss affects the gut microbiota remains unknown. METHODS: In a randomized within-subject crossover study utilizing a standardized in-lab protocol (with fixed meal times and exercise schedules), we studied nine normal-weight men at two occasions: after two nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD; sleep opportunity 02:45-07:00 h), and after two nights of normal sleep (NS; sleep opportunity 22:30-07:00 h). Fecal samples were collected within 24 h before, and after two in-lab nights, of either NS or PSD. In addition, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test following each sleep intervention. RESULTS: Microbiota composition analysis (V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing) revealed that after two days of PSD vs. after two days of NS, individuals exhibited an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, higher abundances of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and lower abundance of Tenericutes (all P < 0.05) - previously all associated with metabolic perturbations in animal or human models. However, no PSD vs. NS effect on beta diversity or on fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations was found. Fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity decreased after PSD vs. NS (all P < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate that short-term sleep loss induces subtle effects on human microbiota. To what extent the observed changes to the microbial community contribute to metabolic consequences of sleep loss warrants further investigations in larger and more prolonged sleep studies, to also assess how sleep loss impacts the microbiota in individuals who already are metabolically compromised.
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TL;DR
In a randomized within-subject crossover study of nine normal-weight young men, two nights of partial sleep deprivation altered several gut microbial taxa and increased the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, while also reducing fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity. However, sleep loss did not change beta diversity or fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and microbial changes were not significantly associated with the insulin-sensitivity reductions.
Key findings
- After two nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) vs normal sleep (NS), the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was almost doubled on day 2 (17.5 ± 13.7 vs 9.1 ± 4.6, P = 0.04, one-sided), with no significant baseline difference.
- PSD increased abundances of Coriobacteriaceae (9.61 ± 5.59% vs 7.26 ± 3.30%) and Erysipelotrichaceae (3.37 ± 3.98% vs 2.55 ± 2.97%; both P = 0.049, one-sided) and decreased Tenericutes (0.129 ± 0.241% vs 0.284 ± 0.347%; P = 0.030, one-sided).
- No PSD vs NS effect was found on beta diversity or fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations; only trends for time effects on acetate, propionate, and total SCFAs were observed (all P < 0.10, two-sided).
- Fasting insulin resistance increased after PSD vs NS (HOMA-IR 1.01 ± 0.12 vs 0.72 ± 0.08, P = 0.014, one-sided), fasting insulin was 34% higher (4.26 ± 0.48 vs 3.17 ± 0.35 μU/mL, P = 0.006, one-sided), and postprandial insulin sensitivity decreased by ∼22% (Matsuda index 8.0 ± 0.90 vs 10.2 ± 0.78, P = 0.017, one-sided).
Methods
- Randomized within-subject crossover study with a standardized in-lab protocol; nine normal-weight men completed two conditions: two nights of PSD (sleep opportunity 02:45–07:00 h) and two nights of NS (22:30–07:00 h).
- Fecal samples were collected within 24 h before and after two in-lab nights for each condition, yielding 36 samples; microbiota composition was assessed by V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and fecal SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography.
- Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test after each sleep intervention; analyses included PERMANOVA, DESeq, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, Student’s t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, and Pearson correlations.
Limitations
- The paper states that only a subsample of participants provided fecal samples, the sample was small and limited to healthy young men, and the lack of counterbalancing in condition order among these nine participants may have influenced results.
- The paper states that the intervention lasted only two days and nights, did not include recovery sleep, and restricted sleep in the first part of the night, so longer-term, circadian-timing, and recovery effects remain unknown.
- The text makes evident that the study cannot establish causality between the observed microbial shifts and metabolic changes, and the authors note that larger, longer, and more diverse studies are needed.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
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- Findingown data
There was no significant difference in F:B ratio at baseline between conditions (13.1 ± 11.7 vs. 9.6 ± 7.2, P = 0.18, two-sided).
“without any significant difference on baseline (13.1 ± 11.7 vs. 9.6 ± 7.2, P = 0.18, two-sided).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Testing for within and across-subject variation for condition and time point with alpha and beta diversity using Observed and Shannon methods did not reveal any significant differences.
“Testing for within and across-subject variation for both condition (NS vs. PSD) and time point (baseline vs. day 2), with alpha and beta diversity using Observed and Shannon methods, did not reveal any significant differences (Figure 2; all P > 0.05, two-sided; also Supplementary Table 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Neither sleep condition nor fecal collection day were significant drivers for beta diversity using weighted abundances or hierarchical clustering.
“neither sleep condition nor fecal collection day (time effect) were found to be significant drivers for beta diversity using weighted abundances or hierarchical clustering (baseline vs. day 2, P = 0.988; or day 2 samples for PSD vs. NS, P = 0.574, both two-sided; Supplementary Fig. 1A)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Following two nights of PSD vs sleep, no significant changes were noted at the OTU level.
“Following two nights of PSD vs. sleep, no significant changes were noted at the OTU level”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
After PSD vs NS, there was a decrease in the Tenericutes phylum (0.129 ± 0.241% vs. 0.284 ± 0.347%; P = 0.030, one-sided).
“we observed a decrease in the Tenericutes phylum after PSD vs. NS (0.129 ± 0.241% vs. 0.284 ± 0.347%; P = 0.030, one-sided; Supplementary Fig. 2A; Table 3A)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Findingown data
The F:B ratio was almost doubled after PSD vs NS on day 2 (17.5 ± 13.7 vs. 9.1 ± 4.6, P = 0.04, one-sided).
“Subsequent paired Student's t-tests indicated that the trend for the sleep effect was driven by an almost doubled F:B ratio after PSD vs. NS on day 2 (17.5 ± 13.7 vs. 9.1 ± 4.6, P = 0.04, one-sided)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
After PSD vs NS, there was an increased abundance of the family Erysipelotrichaceae (3.37 ± 3.98% vs. 2.55 ± 2.97%; P = 0.049, one-sided).
“coupled with increased abundances of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae (9.61 ± 5.59% vs. 7.26 ± 3.30% and 3.37 ± 3.98% vs. 2.55 ± 2.97%, respectively; both P = 0.049, one-sided; Supplementary Fig. 2B; Table 3B).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
After PSD vs NS, there was an increased abundance of the family Coriobacteriaceae (9.61 ± 5.59% vs. 7.26 ± 3.30%; P = 0.049, one-sided).
“coupled with increased abundances of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae (9.61 ± 5.59% vs. 7.26 ± 3.30% and 3.37 ± 3.98% vs. 2.55 ± 2.97%, respectively; both P = 0.049, one-sided; Supplementary Fig. 2B; Table 3B).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The sleep intervention had no impact on short-chain fatty acids, apart from statistical trends for time effects on acetate, propionate, and total fecal short-chain fatty acid levels.
“we failed to find any impact on SCFAs as a result of our sleep intervention, apart for statistical trends for time effects on acetate, propionate, and total fecal SCFAs levels.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Beta diversity on day 2 was not significantly associated with decreased insulin sensitivity on the same day following sleep loss (PERMANOVA P = 0.121 for HOMA-IR and P = 0.235 for Matsuda index).
“we also investigated whether beta diversity on day 2 was associated with the decreased insulin sensitivity observed on the same day following sleep loss, but we did not find any significant effect (PERMANOVA P = 0.121 and P = 0.235 for effects related to the HOMA-IR and Matsuda index, respectively, both two-sided).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Two days of restricted sleep decreased postprandial insulin sensitivity by ∼22%, as assessed by the Matsuda index (8.0 ± 0.90 vs. 10.2 ± 0.78, P = 0.017, one-sided).
“The subsequent OGTT demonstrated that two days of restricted sleep also decreased participants' postprandial insulin sensitivity by ∼22%, as assessed by the Matsuda index (8.0 ± 0.90 vs. 10.2 ± 0.78, P = 0.017, one-sided [42]; Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [42] Matsuda, 1999, Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp, Diabetes Care source
Not checked in the free run.
- Findingown data
Following two nights of restricted sleep compared with normal sleep, the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio was increased.
“We observed an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio following two nights of restricted sleep vs. normal sleep.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
There were no significant differences between PSD and NS in plasma levels of LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, or triglycerides (all P > 0.05, two-sided).
“We also assessed changes in plasma levels of LDL, HDL, total cholesterol, as well as triglyceride levels but did not find any significant differences between PSD and NS in our limited number of subjects (all P > 0.05, two-sided; Table 5)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
At baseline, no within-subject differences in the fecal microbiota composition were found.
“at baseline, no within-subject differences in the fecal microbiota composition were found”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Glucose values were not significantly different at baseline (5.27 ± 0.07 vs. 5.12 ± 0.10 mmol/L; P = 0.14, one-sided).
“whereas glucose values were not significantly different at baseline (5.27 ± 0.07 vs. 5.12 ± 0.10 mmol/L; P = 0.14, one-sided).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
After two days of restricted vs normal sleep, participants exhibited almost 40% greater insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA-IR in the fasting state on the third day (1.01 ± 0.12 vs. 0.72 ± 0.08, P = 0.014, one-sided).
“After two days of restricted vs. normal sleep, participants exhibited almost 40% greater increased insulin resistance as assessed by the HOMA-IR index in the fasting state on the third day (1.01 ± 0.12 vs. 0.72 ± 0.08, P = 0.014, one-sided; Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In the limited number of individuals studied, no similar impact on microbiota diversity from the acute sleep restriction paradigm was observed.
“in our limited number of individuals, we failed to observe a similar impact from our acute sleep restriction paradigm.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
No significant association was found between sleep-loss induced changes in insulin sensitivity and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio.
“we did not find any significance between sleep-loss induced changes in insulin sensitivity and the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
An oral glucose tolerance test on the second day revealed impaired insulin sensitivity in participants when subjected to sleep loss.
“we employed an OGTT on the second day, revealing impaired insulin sensitivity in our participants when subjected to sleep loss.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Fasting insulin values were 34% higher following PSD than after NS (4.26 ± 0.48 vs. 3.17 ± 0.35 μU/mL, P = 0.006, one-sided).
“Correspondingly, fasting insulin values were 34% higher following PSD than after NS (4.26 ± 0.48 vs. 3.17 ± 0.35 μU/mL, P = 0.006, one-sided)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
No changes to systemic markers of lipid and cholesterol metabolism were observed.
“we did not observe any changes to systemic markers of lipid and cholesterol metabolism”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductcitation
Meal timing and nutrient composition were kept constant across the two study conditions.
“As meal timing and nutrient composition can influence the gut microbiota [30], these were kept constant across the two study conditions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [30] Zarrinpar, 2014, Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome, Cell Metabolism source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
The risk of T2DM and obesity is increased in subjects suffering from chronic sleep loss.
“The risk of T2DM and obesity – metabolic pathologies that have been linked to dysregulated gut microbiotas – has been found to be increased in subjects suffering from chronic sleep loss [24]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [24] Cedernaes, 2015, Determinants of shortened, disrupted, and mistimed sleep and associated metabolic health consequences in healthy humans, Diabetes source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
The study provides evidence for sleep deprivation-induced changes in microbial families of bacterial gut species that have previously been linked to metabolic pathologies.
“our study is the first to provide evidence for sleep deprivation-induced changes in microbial families of bacterial gut species, which have previously been linked to metabolic pathologies.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: No prior study has provided evidence for sleep deprivation-induced changes in microbial families of bacterial gut species linked to metabolic pathologies.
- Interpretationown data
Participants followed the instructions to maintain their individual dietary and activity habits, including bedtimes, prior to each sleep intervention.
“indicating that participants followed our instructions to maintain their individual dietary and activity habits (including bedtimes) prior to each sleep intervention.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Short-term sleep loss induces subtle effects on human microbiota.
“Our findings demonstrate that short-term sleep loss induces subtle effects on human microbiota.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Overall changes in the diversity of the gut microbiota may not be a driving factor behind acutely impaired glucose metabolism in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation.
“Results from our within-subject crossover study suggest that overall changes in the diversity of the gut microbiota may not be a driving factor behind acutely impaired glucose metabolism in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductnone given
A within-subject design was utilized to minimize bias due to between-subject comparisons.
“A within-subject design was utilized to minimize bias due to between-subject comparisons.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductown data
Participants were studied only under two days and nights of controlled laboratory conditions.
“we only studied participants under two days and nights of controlled laboratory conditions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The observed changes to Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae did not acutely impact lipid metabolism.
“suggesting that the observed changes to Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae – previously linked to obesity and lipid, primarily cholesterol, metabolism [43], [44], [45] – did not acutely impact lipid metabolism.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [43] Zhang, 2009, Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [44] Spencer, 2011, Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [45] Claus, 2011, Colonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction, MBio source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
Changes in the proportions of the dominant phyla in the gut may not represent, at least in the short term, a central mechanism through which one or several nights of curtailed sleep reduces insulin sensitivity in humans.
“This suggests that changes in the proportions of the dominant phyla in the gut may not represent – at least in the short-term – a central mechanism through which one or several nights of curtailed sleep reduces insulin sensitivity in humans.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Changes in short-chain fatty acids are not causally involved in detrimental effects on metabolism that result from acute sleep loss.
“The lack of observed changes in fecal SCFA levels in our study suggests that changes in SCFAs are not causally involved in detrimental effects on metabolism that result from acute sleep loss.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 11
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 35
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn the partial sleep deprivation condition, participants slept 3 h:59 min ± 4 min on the first night and 4 h:3 min ± 3 min on the second night.
“in the PSD condition, participants slept 3 h:59 min ± 4 min on the first night, and 4 h:3 min ± 3 min on the second night.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn the normal sleep condition, subjects slept 7 h:47min ± 13 min on the first night and 8 h:00 min ± 7 min on the second night.
“The polysomnographic analysis revealed that both on the first and second night, subjects slept 7 h:47min ± 13 min and 8 h:00 min ± 7 min, respectively, in the NS condition”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThere were no main effects of sleep or interaction effects for fecal SCFAs in the ANOVA (all P > 0.10, two-sided).
“we did not observe any main effects of sleep or any interaction effects, in the ANOVA (all P > 0.10, two-sided; Table 4).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataFollowing two nights of partial sleep deprivation compared with two nights of normal sleep, levels of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were increased and abundance of the phylum Tenericutes was lower.
“we observed increased levels of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae (phylum Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively), with a lower abundance of the phylum Tenericutes, following two nights of PSD compared with two nights of normal sleep.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductown dataThe study used a randomized within-subject crossover design.
“In a randomized within-subject crossover study utilizing a standardized in-lab protocol (with fixed meal times and exercise schedules), we studied nine normal-weight men at two occasions”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationObesity is associated with an increase in total levels of short-chain fatty acids.
“obesity has been associated with an increase in total levels of SCFAs [10]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [10] Schwiertz, 2010, Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationT2DM patients have a reduction in butyrate-producing bacterial species and lower levels of butyrate biosynthesis compared with non-diabetic controls.
“T2DM patients have been found to have a reduction in butyrate-producing bacterial species, and lower levels of butyrate biosynthesis when the microbiomes of T2DM patients are compared with those of non-diabetic controls [6].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [6] Qin, 2012, A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes, Nature source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationBoth acute and long-term changes in diet alter the abundance of bacterial species in the gut and their functional capacity to process nutrients, with such changes detectable within days of dietary interventions in humans.
“Both acute [12], [14], [15], [16] and long-term [16], [17] changes in diet have been demonstrated to alter the abundance of bacterial species in the gut, as well as their functional capacity to process various nutrients, with such changes being detectable within days of dietary interventions in humans [15], [16].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [12] Zeevi, 2015, Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses, Cell source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [15] David, 2014, Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome, Nature source
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- cites [16] Wu, 2011, Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes, Science source
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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationShort-chain fatty acids can constitute about 2.2% of daily caloric intake.
“SCFAs can constitute about 2.2% of daily caloric intake [18]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [18] Blaut, 2015, Gut microbiota and energy balance: role in obesity, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society source
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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationGermfree mice lacking a functional microbiome are resistant to diet-induced obesity on a western diet.
“germfree mice – which lack a functional microbiome – are resistant to diet-induced obesity on a western diet [7].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Backhed, 2007, Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America source
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PremisecitationBeneficial effects on insulin sensitivity have been observed in human trials of metabolic syndrome patients who received transplants from lean donors.
“beneficial effects concerning insulin sensitivity have been observed in human trials of patients with metabolic syndrome who received the transplants from lean donors [4].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [4] Vrieze, 2012, Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIncreased acetate production by gut bacteria promotes insulin secretion, hyperphagia, and obesity.
“increased acetate production by gut bacteria has been found recently to promote insulin secretion, hyperphagia, and obesity [22]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [22] Perry, 2016, Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-beta-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome, Nature source
Not checked in the free run.
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PremisecitationTransplanting the microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice or obese humans to lean germfree mice increases the adiposity of the recipient mice.
“transplanting the microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice or obese humans to lean germfree mice increases the adiposity of the recipient mice [8], [9]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitationThe OGTT was employed to test insulin sensitivity using the WHO-defined gold standard.
“the OGTT was employed to test the participants' insulin sensitivity using the WHO-defined gold standard [33].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [33] WHO, 2006
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationCurtailing sleep to half the recommended amount for a single night acutely impairs fasting insulin sensitivity.
“Merely curtailing sleep to half the recommended amount for a single night acutely impairs fasting insulin sensitivity [26].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] Cedernaes, 2015, A single night of partial sleep loss impairs fasting insulin sensitivity but does not affect cephalic phase insulin release in young men, Journal of Sleep Research
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationDifferences in intestinal microbiota composition have been uncovered between healthy controls and those suffering from various diseases, including obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
“Differences in intestinal microbiota composition have been uncovered between healthy controls and those suffering from various diseases, including metabolic pathologies such as obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [4], [5], [6].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [4] Vrieze, 2012, Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [5] Hartstra, 2015, Insights into the role of the microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [6] Qin, 2012, A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes, Nature source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationButyrate and propionate play a role in intestinal gluconeogenesis, which has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis.
“Butyrate and propionate have recently been demonstrated to play a role in intestinal gluconeogenesis, which has beneficial effects on glucose and energy homeostasis [20].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [20] De Vadder, 2014, Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits, Cell source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationWhen prolonged, sleep restriction can promote weight gain.
“When prolonged, sleep restriction can promote weight gain [27]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] Spaeth, 2013, Effects of experimental sleep restriction on weight gain, caloric intake, and meal timing in healthy adults, Sleep source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationThe circadian rhythm of the gut microbiota may be perturbed following circadian misalignment.
“and, correspondingly, that this may be perturbed following circadian misalignment [28].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [28] Thaiss, 2014, Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis, Cell source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationThe gut microbiota exhibits a circadian rhythm in mice and humans.
“There is currently some evidence in both mice and humans that the gut microbiota exhibits a circadian rhythm [28], [29], [30]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [28] Thaiss, 2014, Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis, Cell source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [29] Liang, 2015, Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [30] Zarrinpar, 2014, Diet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome, Cell Metabolism source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductreasoningAnalyses of changes in phyla, families, or OTUs were restricted to the eight most abundant features to minimize multiple comparisons.
“Analyses of changes in the phyla, families, or OTUs of sequenced gut bacteria were analyzed for the eight most abundant features to minimize multiple comparisons.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductnone givenFalse discovery rate q-values were calculated with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.
“false discovery rate (FDR; q-values) was calculated with the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe composition of the microbiota has been found to regulate the metabolic response to various dietary factors in humans.
“the composition of the microbiota has been found to regulate the metabolic response to various such factors in humans [11], [12].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [11] Kovatcheva-Datchary, 2015, Dietary fiber-induced improvement in glucose metabolism is associated with increased abundance of Prevotella, Cell Metabolism source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [12] Zeevi, 2015, Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses, Cell source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductcitationParticipants were provided with a non-sugar sweetened, low-fat diet throughout the three meals, except the OGTT, to isolate the solitary impact of sleep on the microbiota.
“To further isolate the solitary impact of sleep on the microbiota – separate from the previously documented impact of e.g. high-fat diet [32] – participants were provided with a non-sugar sweetened, low-fat diet throughout the three meals, the exception being the oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) test on day 2”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [32] Hildebrandt, 2009, High-fat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationTransplantation of the microbiome from the obese but not normal-weight twin to healthy germ-free mice promotes adiposity and perturbs glucose metabolism.
“similar transplantation of the microbiome from the obese but not normal-weight twin, to healthy germ-free mice, also promotes adiposity and perturbs glucose metabolism [9].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] Ridaura, 2013, Gut microbiota from twins discordant for obesity modulate metabolism in mice, Science source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.
Study design and conductcitationSleep was recorded by polysomnography and scored by an experienced scorer blinded to study conditions using standardized criteria.
“An experienced scorer blinded to the study conditions adhered to standardized criteria for subsequent sleep analysis [36].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [36] Silber, 2007, The visual scoring of sleep in adults, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationCoriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae have previously been linked to obesity and lipid, primarily cholesterol, metabolism.
“Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae – previously linked to obesity and lipid, primarily cholesterol, metabolism [43], [44], [45]”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [43] Zhang, 2009, Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [44] Spencer, 2011, Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [45] Claus, 2011, Colonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction, MBio source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAmong families of the phylum Firmicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae has been found to increase several fold in mice exposed to a high-fat or Western diet.
“among families of the phylum Firmicutes, specifically Erysipelotrichaceae has instead been found to increase several fold in mice exposed to both a high-fat or Western diet [56].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [56] Fleissner, 2010, Absence of intestinal microbiota does not protect mice from diet-induced obesity, British Journal of Nutrition source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationLevels of Erysipelotrichaceae positively correlate with changes in liver fat following a 2-month long dietary choline manipulation.
“levels of the latter positively correlate with changes in liver fat following a 2-month long dietary choline manipulation [44].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [44] Spencer, 2011, Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenA standardized in-lab protocol, including meal times and activity schedule, was used in an attempt to isolate the effect of sleep loss on the gut microbiome in normal-weight, healthy subjects.
“We utilized a standardized in-lab protocol (including for factors such as meal times and activity schedule) in an attempt to isolate the effect of sleep loss on the gut microbiome in normal-weight, healthy subjects.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationTenericutes has been demonstrated to decrease following diet-induced obesity in mice.
“Tenericutes has been demonstrated to decrease following diet-induced obesity in mice [47]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [47] Everard, 2014, Microbiome of prebiotic-treated mice reveals novel targets involved in host response during obesity, ISME Journal source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationIncreased abundance of Firmicutes and reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota have been observed in mice subjected to sleep fragmentation for 4 weeks.
“increased abundance of Firmicutes and reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota have been observed in mice subjected to sleep fragmentation for 4 weeks [48]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [48] Poroyko, 2016, Chronic sleep disruption alters gut microbiota, induces systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in mice, Scientific Reports source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductreasoningBecause only a subsample of participants provided fecal samples, it cannot be ruled out that the lack of counterbalancing in the order of experimental conditions may have influenced the present results.
“since only a subsample of the participants was able to provide fecal samples, we cannot rule out that the lack of counterbalancing in the order of experimental conditions may have influenced the present results.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationIncreased levels of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae have been associated previously with changes in hepatic and lipid metabolism in humans and various rodent species.
“These increased levels have been associated previously with changes in hepatic and lipid metabolism in humans and various rodent species [44], [45], [53], [54], [55].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [44] Spencer, 2011, Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency, Gastroenterology source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [45] Claus, 2011, Colonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction, MBio source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [53] Martinez, 2013, Diet-induced alterations of host cholesterol metabolism are likely to affect the gut microbiota composition in hamsters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationObesity and associated metabolic perturbations primarily have been reflected by altered diversity of the microbiota.
“Obesity and associated metabolic perturbations primarily have been reflected by altered diversity of the microbiota [73], [74]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataTwo days of short vs normal sleep reduced insulin sensitivity without any associated changes in gut species diversity.
“Two days of short vs. normal sleep was found to reduce insulin sensitivity without any associated changes in gut species diversity”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationSmaller studies in humans have found that morbidly obese subjects harbor higher proportions of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae.
“smaller studies in humans have found that morbidly obese subjects harbor higher proportions of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae [43]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [43] Zhang, 2009, Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationWeight loss can increase the already lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in obese subjects.
“weight loss can increase the already lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in obese subjects [40]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [40] Ley, 2006, Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity, Nature source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationAn increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio has been found to be associated with obesity in humans and in genetically or diet-induced obese mice in some but not all studies.
“An increase in this ratio in some [40], but not all [10] studies, has been found to be associated with obesity in humans as well as in genetically or diet-induced obese mice [40], [46], [47]”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [40] Ley, 2006, Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity, Nature source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [10] Schwiertz, 2010, Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects, Obesity (Silver Spring) source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [46] Ley, 2005, Obesity alters gut microbial ecology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America source
Not checked in the free run.
The paper relies on this without support.
No studies have investigated the impact of insufficient sleep on the composition of the human gut microbiota.
“However, to date, there are no studies that have investigated the impact of insufficient sleep on the composition of the human gut microbiota.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Studies are lacking that assess whether adverse metabolic changes that may increase the risk of T2DM and obesity, such as impaired insulin sensitivity, are associated with changes in the gut microbiome and associated SCFAs that could result from recurrent sleep loss.
“Studies are therefore lacking that assess whether important adverse metabolic changes that may increase the risk of T2DM and obesity, such as impaired insulin sensitivity, are associated with changes in the gut microbiome and associated SCFAs that could result from recurrent sleep loss.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study has provided evidence for sleep deprivation-induced changes in microbial families of bacterial gut species linked to metabolic pathologies.
“our study is the first to provide evidence for sleep deprivation-induced changes in microbial families of bacterial gut species, which have previously been linked to metabolic pathologies.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Total sleep deprivation in dogs leads to death after several days.
“early studies in the late 19th century showed that total sleep deprivation in dogs leads to death after several days (reviewed in Ref. 38).”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Consistently, transplanting the microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice or obese humans to lean germfree mice increases the adiposity of the recipient mice [8,9], indicating an increased capacity to harvest energy”
BackgroundDiet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., Ling, A. V., Devlin, A. S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M. A., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12820 · Cited by 10,100 · cited 2× · see citing works
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BackgroundHuman gut microbes associated with obesity
Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/4441022a · Cited by 8,785 · cited 2× · see citing works
“An increase in this ratio in some [40], but not all [10] studies, has been found to be associated with obesity in humans as well as in genetically or diet-induced obese mice [40,46,47], and weight loss can increase the already lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in obese subjects [40].”
BackgroundMethodA metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
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Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes
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BackgroundObesity alters gut microbial ecology
Ley, R. E., Bäckhed, F., Turnbaugh, P., Lozupone, C. A., Knight, R. D., & Gordon, J. I. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504978102 · Cited by 6,176 · cited 1× · see citing works
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Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions
Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., Kinross, J., Burcelin, R., Gibson, G., Jia, W., & Pettersson, S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223813 · Cited by 4,760 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Such changes in intestinal bile acid levels, through altered production, secretion, and/or uptake (via bile acid transporters) [72], together with bidirectional effects of altered intestinal permeability also may represent mechanistic pathways through which changes in sleep duration or the sleep-wake cycle are able to…”
BackgroundRichness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers
Le Chatelier, E., Nielsen, T., Qin, J., Prifti, E., Hildebrand, F., Falony, G., Almeida, M., Arumugam, M., Batto, J.-M., Kennedy, S., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12506 · Cited by 4,662 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota from Twins Discordant for Obesity Modulate Metabolism in Mice
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The Effect of Diet on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Metagenomic Analysis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice
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Gut Microbiota in Human Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Differs from Non-Diabetic Adults
Larsen, N., Vogensen, F. K., van den Berg, F. W. J., Nielsen, D. S., Andreasen, A. S., Pedersen, B. K., Al-Soud, W. A., Sørensen, S. J., Hansen, L. H., & Jakobsen, M. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009085 · Cited by 2,952 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Phylum NS d2 PSD d2 V P value Firmicutes 65.8 9.6 67.2 12.5 28 0.277 Actinobacteria 20.2 11.6 21.7 14.2 28 0.277 Bacteroidetes 10.7 9.53 8.2 8.4 13 0.143 Euryarchaeota 1.12 2.76 1.34 2.74 20 0.407 Verrucomicrobia 0.813 1.75 0.839 1.49 17 0.277 Proteobacteria 0.992 1.72 0.498 0.42 15 0.204 Tenericutes 0.284 0.347 0.129…”
MethodInfluentialPersonalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses
Zeevi, D., Korem, T., Zmora, N., Israeli, D., Rothschild, D., Weinberger, A., Ben-Yacov, O., Lador, D., Avnit-Sagi, T., Lotan-Pompan, M., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001 · Cited by 2,929 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The gut microbiome regulates nutrient availability through complex interactions with dietary factors, and, consequently, the composition of the microbiota has been found to regulate the metabolic response to various such factors in humans [11,12].”
BackgroundVrieze, A., Van Nood, E., Holleman, F., Salojärvi, J., Kootte, R. S., Bartelsman, J. F. W. M., Dallinga–Thie, G. M., Ackermans, M. T., Serlie, M. J., Oozeer, R., et al. (2012) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.031 · Cited by 2,913 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Providing evidence for the importance of a healthy microbiota, beneficial effects concerning insulin sensitivity have been observed in human trials of patients with metabolic syndrome who received the transplants from lean donors [4].”
BackgroundMechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice
Bäckhed, F., Manchester, J. K., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605374104 · Cited by 2,615 · cited 1× · see citing works
“An important role of the gut microbiome for energy homeostasis is supported by studies showing that germfree mice e which lack a functional microbiome e are resistant to diet-induced obesity on a western diet [7].”
BackgroundMicrobiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects
Schwiertz, A., Taras, D., Schäfer, K., Beijer, S., Bos, N. A., Donus, C., & Hardt, P. D. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.167 · Cited by 2,457 · cited 5× · see citing works
“of SCFAs [10,21], and SCFAs have been found either to be permissive or protective against detrimental effects of diet-induced obesity on metabolism in mice [22,65,67].”
BackgroundInfluentialDiet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism
Sonnenburg, J. L., & Bäckhed, F. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18846 · Cited by 2,257 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Obesity and associated metabolic perturbations primarily have been reflected by altered diversity of themicrobiota [73,74], but, in our limited number of individuals, we failed to observe a similar impact from our acute sleep restriction paradigm.”
ResultIntestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids and their Link with Diet and Human Health
Ríos-Covián, D., Ruas‐Madiedo, P., Margollés, A., Gueimonde, M., Reyes‐Gavilán, C. G. D. L., & Salazar, N. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00185 · Cited by 2,215 · cited 3× · see citing works
“2% of daily caloric intake [18], but also exert effects locally in the gut, as well as on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism [19].”
BackgroundButyrate improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in mice
Gao, Z., Yin, J., Zhang, J., Ward, R. E., Martin, R. J., Lefevre, M., Cefalu, W. T., & Ye, J. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1637 · Cited by 2,204 · cited 2× · see citing works
“of SCFAs [10,21], and SCFAs have been found either to be permissive or protective against detrimental effects of diet-induced obesity on metabolism in mice [22,65,67].”
BackgroundMicrobiota-Generated Metabolites Promote Metabolic Benefits via Gut-Brain Neural Circuits
De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Goncalves, D., Vinera, J., Zitoun, C., Duchampt, A., Bäckhed, F., & Mithieux, G. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.016 · Cited by 2,200 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Consistently, transplanting the microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice or obese humans to lean germfree mice increases the adiposity of the recipient mice [8,9], indicating an increased capacity to harvest energy 1Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 2Department of Ex Nuthetal, Germany 3…”
BackgroundMeta-Analysis of Short Sleep Duration and Obesity in Children and Adults
Cappuccio, F. P., Taggart, F. M., Kandala, N.-B., Currie, A., Peile, E., Stranges, S., & Miller, M. A. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.619 · Cited by 2,076 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Given that we did not observe any changes to systemic markers of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, it remains to be determined whether the changes in these families of gut bacteria are more accentuated in chronic sleep loss conditions and, if so, whether these changes over longer time periods are associated with sleep…”
BackgroundDiabetes in Asia: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology
Chan, J. C. N., Malik, V., Jia, W., Kadowaki, T., Yajnik, C. S., Yoon, K.-H., & Hu, F. B. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.726 · Cited by 1,997 · cited 10× · see citing works
“Diet is a key pathophysiological and treatment component for diseases such as T2DM [13], and diet has a major impact on the gut microbiome as it is the most”
BackgroundInfluentialDiet Drives Convergence in Gut Microbiome Functions Across Mammalian Phylogeny and Within Humans
Muegge, B. D., Kuczynski, J., Knights, D., Clemente, J. C., González, A., Fontana, L., Henrissat, B., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198719 · Cited by 1,988 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Both acute [12,14e16] and long-term [16,17] changes in diet have been demonstrated to alter the abundance of bacterial species in the gut, as well as their functional capacity to process various nutrients, with such changes being detectable within days of dietary interventions in humans [15,16].”
BackgroundBlundell, J. E., Baker, J. L., Boyland, E. J., Blaak, E. E., Charzewska, J., Henauw, S. D., Frühbeck, G., González‐Gross, M., Hebebrand, J., Holm, L., et al. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000455952 · Cited by 1,980 · see citing works
Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass
Zhang, H., DiBaise, J. K., Zuccolo, A., Kudrna, D., Braidotti, M., Yu, Y., Parameswaran, P., Crowell, M. D., Wing, R., Rittmann, B. E., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812600106 · Cited by 1,880 · cited 7× · see citing works
“2A; Table 3A), coupled with increased abundances of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae (9.61 5.59% vs. 7.26 3.30% and 3.37 3.98% vs. 2.55 2.97%, respectively; both P ¼ 0.049, one-sided; Supplementary Fig.”
ResultInfluentialThe short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism
Frost, G., Sleeth, M. L., Sahuri-Arisoylu, M., Lizarbe, B., Cerdan, S., Brody, L., Anastasovska, J., Ghourab, S., Hankir, M., Zhang, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4611 · Cited by 1,771 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As they readily cross the bloodebrain barrier [22], SCFAs seem to be able to modulate behaviors such as appetite, even in humans [66], although the directionality remains to be fully determined [22,23].”
BackgroundKovatcheva-Datchary, P., Nilsson, A., Akrami, R., Lee, Y. S., De Vadder, F., Arora, T., Hallen, A., Martens, E., Björck, I., & Bäckhed, F. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.001 · Cited by 1,731 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Discussion: Our findings demonstrate that short-term sleep loss induces subtle effects on human microbiota.”
BackgroundUnwin, N. C. (2006) · Cited by 1,661 · see citing works
High-Fat Diet Determines the Composition of the Murine Gut Microbiome Independently of Obesity
Hildebrandt, M. A., Hoffmann, C., Sherrill–Mix, S. A., Keilbaugh, S. A., Hamady, M., Chen, Y., Knight, R., Ahima, R. S., Bushman, F., & Wu, G. D. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.08.042 · Cited by 1,576 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). www.molecularmetabolism.com Table 3 e Wilcoxon signed rank test on the eight most abundant phyla (A) and families (B) in fecal samples collected after two nights (d2) of either partial sleep deprivation (PSD) or normal sleep (NS).”
BackgroundInfluentialTranskingdom Control of Microbiota Diurnal Oscillations Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis
Thaiss, C. A., Zeevi, D., Levy, M., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Suez, J., Tengeler, A. C., Abramson, L., Katz, M. N., Korem, T., Zmora, N., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.048 · Cited by 1,449 · cited 1× · see citing works
“There is currently some evidence in both mice and humans that the gut microbiota exhibits a circadian rhythm [28e30] and, correspondingly, that this may be perturbed following circadian misalignment [28].”
BackgroundInfluentialChambers, E. S., Viardot, A., Psichas, A., Morrison, D. J., Murphy, K. G., Zac-Varghese, S. E. K., MacDougall, K., Preston, T., Tedford, C., Finlayson, G. S., et al. (2015) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307913 · Cited by 1,424 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As they readily cross the bloodebrain barrier [22], SCFAs seem to be able to modulate behaviors such as appetite, even in humans [66], although the directionality remains to be fully determined [22,23].”
BackgroundLin, H. V., Frassetto, A., Kowalik Jr, E. J., Nawrocki, A. R., Lu, M. M., Kosinski, J. R., Hubert, J. A., Szeto, D., Yao, X., Forrest, G., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035240 · Cited by 1,378 · see citing works
Acetate mediates a microbiome–brain–β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome
Perry, R. J., Peng, L., Barry, N. A., Cline, G. W., Zhang, D., Cardone, R. L., Petersen, K. F., Kibbey, R. G., Goodman, A. L., & Shulman, G. I. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature18309 · Cited by 1,299 · see citing works
Jumpertz, R., Le, D. S., Turnbaugh, P. J., Trinidad, C., Bogardus, C., Gordon, J. I., & Krakoff, J. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.010132 · Cited by 1,232 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Such changes may promote increased energy uptake from the gut [8,49], and could”
BackgroundGut Microbiota and Metabolic Endotoxemia in Young Obese Mexican Subjects
Radilla-Vázquez, R. B., Parra‐Rojas, I., Martínez-Hernández, N. E., Márquez‐Sandoval, F., Illades‐Aguiar, B., & Castro-Alarcón, N. (2016) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000442479 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
The visual scoring of sleep in adults
Silber, M. H., Ancoli-Israel, S., Bonnet, M. H., Chokroverty, S., Grigg-Damberger, M. M., Hirshkowitz, M., Kapen, S., Keenan, S. A., Kryger, M. H., Penzel, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.26814 · Cited by 1,064 · cited 1× · see citing works
“An experienced scorer blinded to the study conditions adhered to standardized criteria for subsequent sleep analysis [36].”
MethodZhang, C., Zhang, M., Wang, S., Han, R., Cao, Y., Hua, W., Mao, Y., Zhang, X., Pang, X., Wei, C., et al. (2010) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.112 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Murphy, E. F., Cotter, P. D., Healy, S., Marques, T. M., O’Sullivan, Ó., Fouhy, F., Clarke, S. F., O’Toole, P. W., Quigley, E. M. M., Stanton, C., et al. (2010) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2010.215665 · Cited by 942 · cited 18× · see citing works
“of SCFAs [10,21], and SCFAs have been found either to be permissive or protective against detrimental effects of diet-induced obesity on metabolism in mice [22,65,67].”
BackgroundInfluentialDiet and feeding pattern affect the diurnal dynamics of the gut microbiome
Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., Yooseph, S., & Panda, S. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.008 · Cited by 926 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As meal timing and nutrient composition can influence the gut microbiota [30], these were kept constant across the two study conditions.”
BackgroundA humanized gnotobiotic mouse model of host-archaeal-bacterial mutualism
Samuel, B. S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602187103 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Insights into the role of the microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Hartstra, A. V., Bouter, K. E. C., Bäckhed, F., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0769 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Metabolic adaptation to a high-fat diet is associated with a change in the gut microbiota
Sérino, M., Luche, É., Grès, S., Baylac, A., Bergé, M., Cénac, C., Waget, A., Klopp, P., Iacovoni, J. S., Klopp, C., et al. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301012 · Cited by 621 · cited 1× · see citing works
“high- or high-sugar diets, which are known to impact not only glucose metabolism but also the gut microbiome [75].”
BackgroundSleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men
Buxton, O. M., Pavlova, M., Reid, E. W., Wang, W., Simonson, D. C., & Adler, G. K. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0699 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Looking for a Signal in the Noise: Revisiting Obesity and the Microbiome
Sze, M. A., & Schloss, P. D. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01018-16 · Cited by 600 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Of note, a recent meta-analysis has thrown into question whether there is a specific gut microbiome signature of obesity [79].”
ResultMicrobiome of prebiotic-treated mice reveals novel targets involved in host response during obesity
Everard, A., Lazarevic, V., Gaïa, N., Johansson, M., Ståhlman, M., Backhed, F., Delzenne, N. M., Schrenzel, J., François, P., & Cani, P. D. (2014) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.45 · Cited by 598 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Notably, Tenericutes has been demonstrated to decrease following diet-induced obesity in mice [47], and among families of the phylum Firmicutes, specifically Erysipelotrichaceae has instead been found to increase several fold in mice exposed to both a high-fat or Western diet [56].”
BackgroundSpencer, M. D., Hamp, T. J., Reid, R. W., Fischer, L. M., Zeisel, S. H., & Fodor, A. A. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.049 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock
Liang, X., Bushman, F. D., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1501305112 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Genomic and metabolic adaptations of <i>Methanobrevibacter smithii</i> to the human gut
Samuel, B. S., Hansen, E. E., Manchester, J. K., Coutinho, P. M., Henrissat, B., Fulton, R., Latreille, P., Kim, K., Wilson, R. K., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704189104 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Poroyko, V. A., Carreras, A., Khalyfa, A., Khalyfa, A. A., Leone, V., Peris, E., Almendros, I., Gileles-Hillel, A., Qiao, Z., Hubert, N., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35405 · Cited by 480 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Complementary to our findings, increased abundance of Firmicutes and reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota have been observed in mice subjected to sleep fragmentation for 4 weeks [48].”
BackgroundSpaeth, A. M., Dinges, D. F., & Goel, N. (2013) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.2792 · Cited by 457 · cited 1× · see citing works
“When prolonged, sleep restriction can promote weight gain [27], possibly by altering energy expenditure as well as food choices and the behavioral response to especially hedonic food stimuli [24].”
BackgroundAbsence of intestinal microbiota does not protect mice from diet-induced obesity
Fleissner, C. K., Huebel, N., Abd El-Bary, M. M., Loh, G., Klaus, S., & Blaut, M. (2010) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510001303 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Self-citationTrends in self-reported sleep duration among US adults from 1985 to 2012
Ford, E. S., Cunningham, T. J., & Croft, J. B. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4684 · Cited by 424 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The risk of T2DM and obesity e metabolic pathologies that have been linked to dysregulated gut microbiotas e has been found to be increased in subjects suffering from chronic sleep loss [24], which has become increasingly common in modern stressful 24/7 lifestyle [25].”
BackgroundColonization-induced host-gut microbial metabolic interaction
Claus, S. P., Ellero, S. L., Berger, B., Krause, L., Bruttin, A., Molina, J., Paris, A., Want, E. J., de Waziers, I., Cloarec, O., et al. (2011) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00271-10 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Broussard, J. L., Ehrmann, D. A., Van Cauter, E., Tasali, E., & Brady, M. J. (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-8-201210160-00005 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
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Interaction between colonic acetate and propionate in humans
Wolever, T. M. S., Spadafora, P., & Eshuis, H. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.3.681 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
How gut microbes talk to organs: The role of endocrine and nervous routes
Cani, P. D., & Knauf, C. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.011 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Evidence for greater production of colonic short-chain fatty acids in overweight than lean humans
Rahat-Rozenbloom, S., Fernandes, J., Gloor, G. B., & Wolever, T. M. S. (2014) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.46 · Cited by 290 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Bacteria producing SCFAs are less abundant in obesity and T2DM [6], but, strikingly, some studies found higher fecal SCFA concentrations in obese subjects [10,64].”
BackgroundSumma, K. C., Voigt, R. M., Forsyth, C. B., Shaikh, M. W., Cavanaugh, K. E., Tang, Y., Vitaterna, M. H., Song, S., Turek, F. W., & Keshavarzian, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067102 · Cited by 254 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Nevertheless, whereas previous evidence has indicated that circadian disruption may impair the intestinal barrier [68], at present it is not known if pro-inflammatory effects of sleep loss can increase intestinal permeability in humans, and thus alter uptake and plasma levels of SCFAs, which ultimately will determine…”
BackgroundAcute sleep deprivation reduces energy expenditure in healthy men
Benedict, C., Hallschmid, M., Lassen, A., Mahnke, C., Schultes, B., Schiöth, H. B., Born, J., & Lange, T. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.006460 · Cited by 243 · cited 2× · see citing works
“com Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio; [37e40]) that have previously been associated with metabolic perturbations that also occur after acute sleep loss, including insulin resistance and dysregulation of lipid metabolism [34,41].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationEffect of rectal infusion of short chain fatty acids in human subjects.
Tm, W., Brighenti, F., Royall, D., Al, J., & Dj, J. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Associations of Usual Sleep Duration with Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels
Kaneita, Y., Uchiyama, M., Yoshiike, N., & Ohida, T. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.5.645 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Gut microbiota and energy balance: role in obesity
Blaut, M. (2015) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665114001700 · Cited by 232 · cited 1× · see citing works
“2% of daily caloric intake [18], but also exert effects locally in the gut, as well as on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism [19].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMartínez, I., Perdicaro, D. J., Brown, A. W., Hammons, S., Carden, T. J., Carr, T. P., Eskridge, K. M., & Walter, J. (2013) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.03046-12 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Gangwisch, J. E., Malaspina, D., Babiss, L. A., Opler, M. G., Posner, K., Shen, S., Turner, J. B., Zammit, G. K., & Ginsberg, H. N. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.7.956 · Cited by 209 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Given that we did not observe any changes to systemic markers of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, it remains to be determined whether the changes in these families of gut bacteria are more accentuated in chronic sleep loss conditions and, if so, whether these changes over longer time periods are associated with sleep…”
BackgroundCedernaes, J., Osler, M. E., Voisin, S., Broman, J.-E., Vogel, H., Dickson, S. L., Zierath, J. R., Schiöth, H. B., & Benedict, C. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2284 · Cited by 188 · cited 4× · see citing works
“com Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio; [37e40]) that have previously been associated with metabolic perturbations that also occur after acute sleep loss, including insulin resistance and dysregulation of lipid metabolism [34,41].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationLeproult, R., Deliens, G., Gilson, M., & Peigneux, P. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4660 · Cited by 187 · cited 1× · see citing works
“com restored, similar to what has recently been observed in the context of sleep loss-induced metabolic perturbations [76,77].”
ResultInteractions between host genetics and gut microbiome in diabetes and metabolic syndrome
Ussar, S., Fujisaka, S., & Kahn, C. R. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.07.004 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Subchronic sleep restriction causes tissue-specific insulin resistance
Rao, M. N., Neylan, T. C., Grunfeld, C., Mulligan, K., Schambelan, M., & Schwarz, J.-M. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3911 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Propionate inhibits incorporation of colonic [1,2-13C]acetate into plasma lipids in humans
Wolever, T. M. S., Spadafora, P. J., Cunnane, S. C., & Pencharz, P. B. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1241 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Circadian Dysregulation Disrupts Bile Acid Homeostasis
Ma, K., Xiao, R., Tseng, H.-T., Shan, L., Fu, L., & Moore, D. D. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006843 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cedernaes, J., Schiöth, H. B., & Benedict, C. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1475 · Cited by 103 · cited 2× · see citing works
“When prolonged, sleep restriction can promote weight gain [27], possibly by altering energy expenditure as well as food choices and the behavioral response to especially hedonic food stimuli [24].”
BackgroundSelf-citationShort-Term Circadian Disruption Impairs Bile Acid and Lipid Homeostasis in Mice
Ferrell, J. M., & Chiang, J. Y. L. (2015) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.08.003 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The changing microbial landscape of Western society: Diet, dwellings and discordance
Broussard, J. L., & Devkota, S. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.07.007 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Cedernaes, J., Lampola, L., Axelsson, E. K., Liethof, L., Hassanzadeh, S., Yeganeh, A., Broman, J., Schiöth, H. B., & Benedict, C. (2015) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12340 · Cited by 67 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Merely curtailing sleep to half the recommended amount for a single night acutely impairs fasting insulin sensitivity [26].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTwo Nights of Recovery Sleep Reverses the Effects of Short-term Sleep Restriction on Diabetes Risk
Broussard, J. L., Wroblewski, K., Kilkus, J. M., & Tasali, E. (2016) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-2214 · Cited by 56 · cited 1× · see citing works
“com restored, similar to what has recently been observed in the context of sleep loss-induced metabolic perturbations [76,77].”
ResultCircadian coupling between pancreatic secretion and intestinal motility in humans
Keller, J., Gröger, G., Cherian, L., Günther, B., & Layer, P. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.2.g273 · Cited by 55 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This is especially relevant in the setting of sleep loss or circadian misalignment, as such conditions may also impact gut motility [78] and thus the circadian timing of nutrient availability to the gut microbiota, as well as bowel emptying; the latter being of relevance when considering fecal sampling across the slee…”
BackgroundWoting, A., Pfeiffer, N., Hanske, L., Loh, G., Klaus, S., & Blaut, M. (2015) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500249 · Cited by 44 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Analysis of short-chain fatty acids Fecal SCFA levels were analyzed in duplicates and determined as previously described [35] with an HP 5890 series II gas chromatograph, but equipped with an HP-FFAP column.”
MethodSelf-citationVeech, R. L., Gitomer, W. L., King, M. T., et al. (1986) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5107-8_48 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cedernaes, J., Sand, F., Liethof, L., Lampola, L., Hassanzadeh, S., Axelsson, E. K., Yeganeh, A., Ros, O., Broman, J., Schiöth, H. B., et al. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.03.012 · Cited by 16 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Effects of partial sleep deprivation on glucometabolic parameters and lipid metabolism After two days of restricted vs. normal sleep, participants exhibited almost 40% greater increased insulin resistance as assessed by the HOMA-IR index in the fasting state on the third day (1.01 0.12 vs. 0.72…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDiurnal variation in cholesterol saturation of gall-bladder bile.
Kupfer, R. M., & Northfield, T. C. (1983) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.24.10.950 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286 · see citing works
Current understanding of the human microbiome
Gilbert, J. A., Blaser, M. J., Caporaso, J. G., Jansson, J. K., Lynch, S. V., & Knight, R. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4517 · Cited by 2,609 · see citing works
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
“Whether sleep loss contributes in this way to intestinal dysbiosis and, consequently, to low-grade inflammation is still unclear (12, 37, 425, 444, 603).”
BackgroundSleep Loss Can Cause Death through Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gut
Vaccaro, A., Kaplan Dor, Y., Nambara, K., Pollina, E. A., Lin, C., Greenberg, M. E., & Rogulja, D. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.049 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
“This might be relevant because sleep deprivation reportedly affects gut microbiota (Benedict et al., 2016; El Aidy et al., 2019; Gao et al., 2019; Ma et al., 2019; Poroyko et al., 2016), but conflicting evidence exists (Zhang et al.”
Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes
Garbarino, S., Lanteri, P., Bragazzi, N. L., Magnavita, N., & Scoditti, E. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Effects of Psychological, Environmental and Physical Stressors on the Gut Microbiota
Karl, J. P., Hatch‐McChesney, A., Arcidiacono, S. M., Pearce, S., Pantoja-Feliciano, I. G., Doherty, L. A., & Soares, J. W. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02013 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
“25 h/night) resulted in an increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, a decrease in the relative abundance of Tenericutes, and increased relative abundances of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae in fecal samples, but no change in fecal SCFA concentrations (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSleep, circadian rhythm, and gut microbiota
Matenchuk, B. A., Mandhane, P. J., & Kozyrskyj, A. L. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101340 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Microbes and mental health: A review
Rieder, R., Wisniewski, P. J., Alderman, B. L., & Campbell, S. C. (2017) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.016 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
The Microbiome and Human Biology
Knight, R., Callewaert, C., Marotz, C., Hyde, E. R., Debelius, J. W., McDonald, D., & Sogin, M. L. (2017) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-083115-022438 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Gut microbiome diversity is associated with sleep physiology in humans
Smith, R. P., Easson, C., Lyle, S. M., Kapoor, R., Donnelly, C. P., Davidson, E. J., Parikh, E., Lopez, J. V., & Tartar, J. L. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222394 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
“Specifically, Benedict and colleagues found that partial sleep deprivation alters the ratio between these two phyla [38].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGut microbiome and its role in obesity and insulin resistance
Lee, C. J., Sears, C. L., & Maruthur, N. M. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14107 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Chen, W.-H., Li, S.-X., He, Z.-M., Zhu, W.-L., Ji, Y.-B., Wang, Z., Zhu, X.-M., Yuan, K., Bao, Y.-P., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01113-1 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“Insomnia and sleep restriction were reported to lead to significant structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota [23, 24].”
BackgroundShan, Z., Li, Y., Zong, G., Guo, Y., Li, J., Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., Schernhammer, E. S., & Bhupathiraju, S. N. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k4641 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Role of melatonin in sleep deprivation‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice
Gao, T., Wang, Z., Dong, Y., Cao, J., Lin, R., Wang, X., Yu, Z., & Chen, Y. (2019) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.12574 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Potential Role for the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Host Circadian Rhythms and Metabolic Health
Parkar, S. G., Kalsbeek, A., & Cheeseman, J. F. (2019) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms7020041 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“There were also significant changes to microbial populations that have been associated with a disturbed metabolism and even obesity (increased Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio and decreased Tenericutes) [43].”
BackgroundГригорьева, И. Н. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm11010013 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“Sleep deprivation correlates with changes in the gut microbiome, with an increase of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, higher abundances of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and lower abundance of Tenericutes [51,142].”
BackgroundThe links between the gut microbiome, aging, modern lifestyle and Alzheimer's disease
Askarova, S., Umbayev, B., Masoud, A.-R., Kaiyrlykyzy, A., Safarova, Y., Tsoy, A., Olzhayev, F., & Kushugulova, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00104 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“…and Infection Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 6 March 2020 | Volume 10 | Article 104 to inhibit TREM2 expression (the triggering receptor expressed on microglia/myeloid cells-2), thereby disrupting the phagocytic ability of microglia and increasing Aβ42 accumulation (Bhattacharjee et al., 2016).”
BackgroundSasso, J. M., Ammar, R. M., Tenchov, R., Lemmel, S. A., Kelber, O., Grieswelle, M., & Zhou, Q. A. (2023) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
When Rhythms Meet the Blues: Circadian Interactions with the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
Teichman, E. M., O’Riordan, K. J., Gahan, C. G. M., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2020) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.008 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Zhu, B., Shi, C., Park, C. G., Zhao, X., & Reutrakul, S. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.02.002 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Microbiota and Lifestyle: A Special Focus on Diet
Redondo-Useros, N., Nova, E., González-Zancada, N., Díaz, L. E., Gómez-Martínez, S., & Marcos, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061776 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Astrup, A., & Bügel, S. (2019) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-018-0143-9 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Anderson, J. R., Carroll, I. M., Azcárate-Peril, M. A., Rochette, A. D., Heinberg, L. J., Peat, C. M., Steffen, K. J., Manderino, L. M., Mitchell, J. E., & Gunstad, J. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.07.018 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“A recent study found that recurrent sleep restriction alters microbiome composition in healthy, young adult males [5].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Gut Microbiome and Schizophrenia: The Current State of the Field and Clinical Applications
Szeligowski, T., Yun, A. L., Lennox, B., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00156 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“It is also dynamic, influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet (13), sleep (14), or stress (15).”
BackgroundHuman and rat gut microbiome composition is maintained following sleep restriction
Zhang, S. L., Bai, L., Goel, N., Bailey, A., Jang, C. J., Bushman, F. D., Meerlo, P., Dinges, D. F., & Sehgal, A. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1620673114 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“A recent study examined the microbiome in humans after sleep restriction and found that beta diversity was not altered by sleep restriction, similar to our results; however, they suggest that the F:B ratio is altered by only 2 d of sleep restriction (45).”
MethodResultA Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition
Hughes, R. (2020) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2019.00191 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Ma, W., Song, J., Wang, H., Shi, F., Zhou, N., Jiang, J., Xu, Y., Zhang, L., Yang, L., & Zhou, M. (2019) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Short Sleep Duration Increases Metabolic Impact in Healthy Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Deng, H., Tam, T., Zee, B. C.-Y., Chung, R. Y., Su, X., Jin, L., Chan, T., Chang, L.-Y., Yeoh, E., & Lao, X. Q. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx130 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“Restriction of sleep to 4 hours per night was associated with a reduction of 30% in glucose clearance25 and an elevation of 22% in endogenous hepatic glucose production.27 Later studies conducted by Cedernaes et al.28,29 showed that sleep restriction impaired both fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity.”
ResultChen, Y.-R., Zheng, H.-M., Zhang, G.-X., Chen, F.-L., Chen, L.-D., & Yang, Z.-C. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66369-z · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Ho, Y., Tsai, Y.-C., Kuo, T. B. J., & Yang, C. C. H. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13082820 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Factors such as sleep deprivation [23], working night shifts [24], and circadian disorders [25] can change the structure of gastrointestinal microbiota and circadian gene expression.”
BackgroundGut Microbiota as an Objective Measurement for Auxiliary Diagnosis of Insomnia Disorder
Liu, B., Lin, W., Chen, S., Xiang, T., Yang, Y., Yin, Y., Xu, G., Liu, Z., Liu, L., Pan, J., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01770 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“In another study with partial sleep deprivation in normal-weighted young individuals, the composition of the gut microbiota was subtly affected with an increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialGrosicki, G. J., Riemann, B. L., Flatt, A. A., Valentino, T. R., & Lustgarten, M. S. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.013 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Moreover, two nights of partial sleep deprivation in human subjects increased the Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio and evoked distinct shifts in family-level microbial taxa associated with metabolic perturbation [20].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Microbiome and Blood Pressure: Can Microbes Regulate Our Blood Pressure?
Khodor, S. A., Reichert, B., & Shatat, I. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00138 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“showed that sleep deprivation induced changes in microbial families of bacterial gut species in humans (97).”
BackgroundSafarchi, A., Al-Qadami, G. H., Tran, C. D., & Conlon, M. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1559521 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The interplay between sleep and gut microbiota
Han, M., Yuan, S., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.12.016 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Li, N., Tan, S., Wang, Y., Deng, J., Wang, N., Zhu, S., Tian, W., Xu, J., & Wang, Q. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2252764 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Recent studies have shown that sleep insufficiency/deprivation alters the composition of gut microbiota in both humans and rodents.(5,6) Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota – brain axis plays a crucial role in acute and chronic brain diseases,(7,8) which affect host behavior, such as cognitive dysfunctio…”
ResultZhao, N., Chen, Q.-G., Chen, X., Liu, X.-T., Geng, F., Zhu, M.-M., Yan, F.-L., Zhang, Z.-J., & Ren, Q.-G. (2023) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Nuzum, N. D., Loughman, A., Szymlek-Gay, E. A., Hendy, A., Teo, W.-P., & Macpherson, H. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.003 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Gut microbiota composition in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a pilot study
Valentini, F., Evangelisti, M., Arpinelli, M., Nardo, G. D., Borro, M., Simmaco, M., & Villa, M. P. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.10.017 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Repeated sleep disruption in mice leads to persistent shifts in the fecal microbiome and metabolome
Bowers, S. J., Vargas, F., González, A., He, S., Jiang, P., Dorrestein, P. C., Knight, R. D., Wright, K. P., Lowry, C. A., Fleshner, M., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229001 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“An increase in the F:B ratio is a blunt measure of community shift and has been seen in many pathological states including obesity[55, 56], chronic stress[57], as well as an acute short sleep paradigm in humans[14] and a chronic sleep fragmentation paradigm in rodents [16].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialExposure to greenspaces could reduce the high global burden of pain
Stanhope, J., Breed, M. F., & Weinstein, P. (2020) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109641 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Acute Sleep-Wake Cycle Shift Results in Community Alteration of Human Gut Microbiome
Liu, Z., Wei, Z.-Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Mao, X., Liu, Q., Sun, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhou, D., et al. (2020) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00914-19 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“The abundances of a few gut microbiota species were changed during the short-term sleep loss (15).”
BackgroundSleep Duration and Hypertension: Epidemiological Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms
Bock, J. M., Vungarala, S., Covassin, N., & Somers, V. K. (2021) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpab146 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Relationship between sleep disorders and gut dysbiosis: what affects what?
Neroni, B., Evangelisti, M., Radocchia, G., Nardo, G. D., Pantanella, F., Villa, M. P., & Schippa, S. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.003 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“2016 [59] Human Human with short-term sleep loss”
BackgroundSondrup, N., Termannsen, A., Eriksen, J. N., Hjorth, M. F., Færch, K., Klingenberg, L., & Quist, J. S. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101594 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Gut Microbiome Composition Associated With Major Depressive Disorder and Sleep Quality
Zhang, Q., Yun, Y., An, H., Zhao, W., Ma, T., Wang, Z., & Yang, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645045 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“Themarginal significance in community richness observed in our study may be limited by the small sample size, while the short-term loss of sleep may not affect the gut microbiome diversity (61).”
BackgroundHabitual Short Sleep Duration, Diet, and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
Nôga, D. A., Meth, E. M. S., Pacheco, A. P., Tan, X. W., Cedernaes, J., van Egmond, L. T., Xue, P., & Benedict, C. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1147 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationThe gut microbiome and Alzheimer’s disease: Complex and bidirectional interactions
Tarawneh, R. M., & Penhos, E. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104814 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Badran, M., Khalyfa, A., Ericsson, A. C., & Gozal, D. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113439 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“For instance, short-term partial sleep deprivation can alter gut microbiome in humans (Benedict et al., 2016), while high sleep quality is associated with higher proportions of Phyla associated with enhanced performance on cognitive tasks (Anderson et al.”
BackgroundLi, Y., Shao, L., Mou, Y., Zhang, Y., & Ping, Y. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1957407 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Two studies compared the GM of individuals after short-term sleep deprivation with baseline data collected before deprivation.(71,81) But their findings are largely inconsistent, likely owing to distinct experimental designs and several uncontrolled variables, including daily dietary and energy intake of the subjects.”
ResultMortaş, H., Bilici, S., & Karakan, T. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1778717 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Advances in the Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Pathophysiology of NAFLD
Jiang, X., Zheng, J., Zhang, S., Wang, B., Wu, C., & Guo, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00361 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“In a study involving human subjects, sleep deprivation increased Firmicutes in intestine, which usually found high relative abundance in obese population (132).”
BackgroundAlterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in the context of neuropathic pain
Chen, P., Wang, C., Ren, Y.-N., Ye, Z., Jiang, C. Q., & Wu, Z. (2021) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-021-00765-y · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The role of the gut microbiota on the metabolic status of obese children
Yuan, X., Chen, R., McCormick, K. L., et al. (2021) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-021-01548-9 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
St‐Onge, M., & Zuraikat, F. M. (2019) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-019-0772-z · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Xie, B., Chen, X., Zhang, J., & Yuan, S. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118736 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Chen, Y.-R., Jing, Q., Chen, F.-L., Zheng, H., Chen, L., & Yang, Z. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12033 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Another study of 1673 volunteers in the United States showed that ethnicity could shape gut microbiota (Brooks et al., 2018).”
BackgroundWei, Y., Xu, J., Miao, S., Wei, K., Peng, L., Wang, Y., & Wei, X. (2022) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2048291 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sleep Deprivation and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Current Understandings and Implications
Sun, J., Fang, D., Wang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24119603 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Sleep has a more profound effect on the latter [58,105,106].”
BackgroundThe Role of the Microbiome in the Etiopathogenesis of Colon Cancer
Tekle, G. E., Andreeva, N., & Garrett, W. S. (2024) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-025619 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Human Milk Microbiome and Maternal Postnatal Psychosocial Distress
Browne, P. D., Aparicio, M., Alba, C., Hechler, C., Beijers, R., Rodríguez, J. M., Fernández, L., & de Weerth, C. (2019) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02333 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Metabolic dysfunction in OSA: Is there something new under the sun?
Almendros, I., Başoğlu, Ö. K., Conde, S. V., Liguori, C., & Saaresranta, T. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13418 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Zhang, M., Zhang, M., Kou, G., & Li, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159771 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Benedict demonstrated that sleep deprivation could increase the content of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and decrease the content of Tenericutes (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHong, J., Chen, J., Kan, J.-M., Liu, M., & Yang, D. (2020) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2020/3626120 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ni, J., Zhou, W., Cen, H., Chen, G., Huang, J., Yin, K.-J., & Sui, C. (2021) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2021.11.021 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hua, Y., Guo, S., Hong, X., Zhu, K. Y., Yan, H., Tao, W., Shang, E., Qian, D., & Duan, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.653767 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Current studies have shown that the intestinal flora is associated with insomnia, and short-term loss of sleep can have a subtle impact on the microbiota (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMelatonin–Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions
Ieșanu, M. I., Zahiu, C. D. M., Dogaru, I.-A., Chiţimuș, D. M., Pîrcălăbioru, G. G., Voiculescu, S. E., Isac, S., Galoş, F., Pavel, B., O’Mahony, S. M., et al. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11112244 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Triplett, J. C., Ellis, D., Braddock, A., Roberts, E., Ingram, K., Perez, E., Short, A. Y., Brown, D., Hutzley, V., Webb, C., et al. (2020) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2019.1701352 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Du, W., Hu, X., Yu, X., Guo, C., Jin, X., & Wang, W. (2023) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Moreover, short-term SD has mild effects on gut microbiome, with Firmicutes : Bacteroidetes ratio and Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae being upregulated, while Tenericutes are downregulated 168 .”
BackgroundShimizu, Y., Yamamura, R., Yokoi, Y., Ayabe, T., Ukawa, S., Nakamura, K., Okada, E., Imae, A., Nakagawa, T., Tamakoshi, A., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2190306 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“In addition, it is reported that healthy subjects whose daily sleep time was restricted to 4 h show increased Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (formerly known as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) in the intestinal microbiota and increased insulin resistance compared to control subjects who got 8 h of sleep.(19) Furthermore,…”
BackgroundSleep and circadian disruption and the gut microbiome-possible links to dysregulated metabolism
Withrow, D., Bowers, S. J., Depner, C. M., González, A., Reynolds, A. C., & Wright, K. P. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1016/j.coemr.2020.11.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sleep and the gut microbiota in preschool-aged children
Wang, Y., van de Wouw, M., Drogos, L. L., Vaghef‐Mehrabany, E., Reimer, R. A., Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac020 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Response to Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery Sleep in Rats
Wang, Z., Yuan, K., Ji, Y.-B., Li, S.-X., Shi, L., Wang, Z., Zhou, X.-Y., Bao, Y.-P., Xie, W., Han, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s334985 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“Another study examined the microbiome in humans after 2 days of partial sleep restriction and found that the Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio but not β-diversity was altered by sleep restriction.(25) Furthermore, Poroyko et al.”
BackgroundSang, N., Gao, R., Zhang, M.-Y., Wu, Z., Wu, Z.-G., & Wu, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.918749 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Glycaemic status affects the subgingival microbiome of diabetic patients
Longo, P. L., Dabdoub, S. M., Kumar, P., Artese, H. P. C., Dib, S. A., Romito, G. A., & Mayer, M. P. A. (2018) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12908 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“However, reduced abundance of Tenericutes in the gut was associated with sleep deprivation in humans, which leads to increased insulin resistance (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundGut microbes and the liver circadian clock partition glucose and lipid metabolism
Frazier, K., Manzoor, S. S., Carroll, K., DeLeon, O., Miyoshi, S., Miyoshi, J., George, M. S., Tan, A., Chrisler, E. A., Izumo, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci162515 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Disturbances in sleep via jet-lag also alter gut microbiome composition in both mouse and human models (Thaiss et al., 2014; Voigt et al., 2014; Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMaternal sleep deprivation induces gut microbial dysbiosis and neuroinflammation in offspring rats
Yao, Z., 重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿科研究所, 国., Li, X., Zuo, L., Xiong, Q., He, W., Li, D., & Dong, Z. (2022) · 动物学研究 · doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.023 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“… evidence indicates that the gut microbiota provides protective effects for the development of the host immune system (Hajela et al., 2015), and microbial dysbiosis can lead to fluctuations in inflammatory cytokines in the brain (Chassaing & Gewirtz, 2014; Li et al., 2020).”
Patterson, E., Griffin, S. M., Ibarra, A., Ellsiepen, E., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2020) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100277 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“The gut microbiome has been implicated in sleep disturbances (Benedict et al., 2016), and some studies support the role of probiotics in improving sleep patterns in humans (Marotta et al., 2019; Takada et al., 2016; Yamamura et al., 2009).”
ResultYao, Z., Zhao, B.-C., Yang, X. Y., Lei, S.-H., Jiang, Y.-M., & Liu, K. (2020) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-020-02246-3 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“The gut microbiota was significantly different between women with and without sleep disturbance in this study, as other researchers have demonstrated [16, 17].”
BackgroundResultA brief period of sleep deprivation leads to subtle changes in mouse gut microbiota
Aidy, S. E., Bolsius, Y. G., Raven, F., & Havekes, R. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12920 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Unlike our observation, Benedict et al. (2016) detected higher abundances of the families Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and lower abundance of Tenericutes.”
ResultCollado, M. C., Katila, M. K., Vuorela, N., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2018) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000002161 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Marín-Alejandre, B. A., Abete, I., Cantero, I., Riezu‐Boj, J. I., Milagro, F. I., Monreal, J. I., Elorz, M., Herrero, J. I., Benito, A., Quiroga, J. A., et al. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11020322 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Moreover, it is proposed that these metabolic alterations related to disrupted sleep patterns may be partially mediated by changes in gut microbiota [17,19].”
BackgroundButyrate Ameliorates Insufficient Sleep-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Humans and Mice
Gao, T., Wang, Z., Dong, Y., Cao, J., & Chen, Y. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02000-22 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“recognized that SR (the cycle is 2 days and includes sleeping for 4 h and 15 min a day) did not cause apparent influence on the composition or richness of intestinal microbiota, as revealed in young normal-weight individuals (19).”
BackgroundHashim, H. M., & Makpol, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1007166 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The gut microbiome as a target for adjuvant therapy in obstructive sleep apnea
Badran, M., Mashaqi, S., & Gozal, D. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2020.1841749 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sleep duration and risk of overall and 22 site‐specific cancers: A Mendelian randomization study
Titova, O. E., Michaëlsson, K., Vithayathil, M. K., Mason, A. M., Kar, S., Burgess, S., & Larsson, S. C. (2020) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33286 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Furthermore, sleep restriction was shown to increase caloric intake and unhealthy food choices(30) as well as to alter gut microbiota.(31) These findings are consistent with epidemiological evidence linking insufficient sleep with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes,(32,33) which are associated with carcinog…”
BackgroundCirculating 16S RNA in Biofluids: Extracellular Vesicles as Mirrors of Human Microbiome?
Ricci, V., Carcione, D., Messina, S., Colombo, G. I., & D’Alessandra, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21238959 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“showed that, after 2 days of partial sleep deprivation, healthy subjects presented a variation in gut microbiome diversity, with an increase in Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, a higher presence of Coriobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, and a lower abundance of Tenericutes, when compared with individuals experienci…”
BackgroundMicrobiome Modulation as a Novel Strategy to Treat and Prevent Respiratory Infections
Mindt, B. C., & DiGiandomenico, A. (2022) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics11040474 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
More than a gut feeling: What is the role of the gastrointestinal tract in female athlete health?
Pugh, J. N., Lydon, K. M., O’Donovan, C. M., O’Sullivan, Ó., & Madigan, S. M. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1921853 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“On the other hand, sleep deprivation negatively correlates with microbiome diversity (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEvidence for the Contribution of Gut Microbiota to Age-Related Anabolic Resistance
Watson, M. D., Cross, B. L., & Grosicki, G. J. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020706 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Haimov, I., Magzal, F., Tamir, S., Lalzar, M., Asraf, K., Milman, U., Agmon, M., & Shochat, T. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s377114 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Sleep laboratory studies in healthy adults found changes in microbiota composition following two nights of sleep deprivation.(45) A 5-night sleep restriction protocol, however, did not show a significant effect on gut microbiota.”
BackgroundFang, H., Yao, T., Li, W., Pan, N., Xu, H., Zhao, Q., Su, Y., Xiong, K., & Wang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1299816 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wu, J., Zhang, B., Zhou, S., Huang, Z., Xu, Y., Lu, X., Zheng, X., & Ouyang, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236847 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Additionally, sleep disturbances are associated with the disruption of gut bacteria, which results in a dysfunctional colonic barrier and the development of intestinal illnesses (Benedict et al., 2016; Gao et al., 2023).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Sleep Disruption on Cardiometabolic Health
Hong, S., Lee, D.-B., Yoon, D. W., Yoo, S.-L., & Kim, J. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15010060 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sleep and Circadian Hygiene and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Swanson, G. R., & Burgess, H. J. (2017) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2017.08.014 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Habitual Sleep Duration and the Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota in Humans—A Pilot Study
Agrawal, R., Ajami, N. J., Malhotra, S., Chen, L., White, D. L., Sharafkhaneh, A., Hoffman, K. L., Graham, D. Y., El‐Serag, H. B., Petrosino, J. F., et al. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3030025 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“observed an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio following two nights of partially deprived sleep [17].”
BackgroundInfluentialLópez-Santamarina, A., Mondragón, A. D. C., Cardelle‐Cobas, A., Santos, E. M., Porto-Arias, J. J., Cepeda, A., & Miranda, J. M. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15133070 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Human research has shown that the presence of higher counts of Firmicutes, which are more prevalent in rotating and night shift workers [43], is associated with an increased predisposition to obesity and metabolic diseases [43,44].”
BackgroundGut-spine axis: a possible correlation between gut microbiota and spinal degenerative diseases
Morimoto, T., Kobayashi, T., Kakiuchi, T., Esaki, M., Tsukamoto, M., Yoshihara, T., Hirata, H., Yabuki, S., & Mawatari, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290858 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Qiao, T., Wang, Y., Liang, K., Zheng, B., Ma, J., Li, F., Liu, C., Zhu, M., & Meng, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1094507 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Research demonstrates that the value of F/B is significantly increased after sleep deprivation (Benedict et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHolzhausen, E. A., Peppard, P. E., Sethi, A. K., Safdar, N., Malecki, K. M. C., Schultz, A., Deblois, C. L., & Hagen, E. W. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad300 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Benedict, C., Vogel, H., Jonas, W., Woting, A., Blaut, M., Schürmann, A., & Cedernaes, J.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DE)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Cedernaes, Jonathan
- Venue
- Molecular Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1175-1186
- ISSN
- 2212-8778 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5123208
- OpenAlex
- W2539003831
- Semantic Scholar
- 05ebcd974de0be45aa22a5d3619b5373a6aba009
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 7.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Tore Nilsons Stiftelse för Medicinsk Forskning
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- AFA Försäkring
- Fredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelse
- Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning
- Hjärnfonden
- Åke Wiberg Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, sleep restriction, sleep deprivation, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Tenericutes, short-chain fatty acids, oral glucose tolerance test, metabolic disorders
- MeSH terms
- Firmicutes, Bacillota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Feces, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Cross-Over Studies, Bacteroidetes, Microbiota
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