Daily eating patterns and their impact on health and disease
Open accessAbstract
Cyclical expression of cell-autonomous circadian clock components and key metabolic regulators coordinate often discordant and distant cellular processes for efficient metabolism. Perturbation of these cycles, either by genetic manipulation, disruption of light/dark cycles, or, most relevant to the human population, via eating patterns, contributes to obesity and dysmetabolism. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), during which time of access to food is restricted to a few hours, without caloric restriction, supports robust metabolic cycles and protects against nutritional challenges that predispose to obesity and dysmetabolism. The mechanism by which TRF imparts its benefits is not fully understood but likely involves entrainment of metabolically active organs through gut signaling. Understanding the relationship of feeding pattern and metabolism could yield novel therapies for the obesity pandemic.
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Long-term desynchronization of circadian rhythms is associated with adverse metabolic health effects, including weight gain, increased body fat, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, higher blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
“Long-term desynchronization of circadian rhythms is associated with adverse metabolic health effects, including weight gain, increased body fat, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, higher blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol levels, as well as elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (18, 47–54).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [54]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn rodents, food intake outside the active phase causes obesity, whereas time-restricted feeding protects against obesity and insulin resistance.
“In rodents, food intake outside the active phase causes obesity, whereas time-restricted feeding protects against obesity and insulin resistance (240).”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [240]
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- Authors
- Zarrinpar, A., Chaix, A., & Panda, S.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zarrinpar, Amir
- Panda, Satchidananda
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 69-83
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5081399
- OpenAlex
- W2217409635
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA014195)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 091618, R01DK091618, K08DK102902, T32DK007202)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- time-restricted feeding, circadian clock, dietary habits, obesity, metabolic dysfunction, circadian entrainment, meal timing, obesity treatment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Disease, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Health, Humans, Sleep, Circadian Clocks
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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